FGFR2

FGFR2 encodes FGFR2b and FGFR2c isoforms with distinct expression domains and ligand specificity[1]. Mechanistically, FGF/FGFR signaling regulates lineage commitment, differentiation, proliferation, and apoptosis in development and adult homeostasis[2]. In disease models, FGFR2 alterations activate signaling in breast, gastric, cholangiocarcinoma, lung squamous, and oral squamous cancers[1][3][4]. Compared with related isoforms, FGFR2b-to-FGFR2c switching occurs during prostate and bladder cancer progression, linking splice regulation to epithelial-mesenchymal transition[1]. For experimental applications, FGFR2 mutation or amplification supports use of FGFR inhibitors, while extracellular-domain FGFR2 mutations can drive constitutive dimerization and inhibitor-sensitive transformation[1][4].