Ranunculaceae Extract

Propranolol is a nonselective and BBB-permeable β-adrenergic receptor (βAR) antagonist, has high affinity for the β1AR and β2AR with K_i values of 1.8 nM and 0.8 nM, respectively. Propranolol inhibits [³H]-DHA binding to rat brain membrane preparation with an IC₅₀ of 12 nM. Propranolol is used for the study of hypertension, pheochromocytoma, myocardial infarction, cardiac arrhythmias, angina pectoris, and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.

Berberine sulfate is an alkaloid isolated from the Chinese herbal medicine Huanglian, as an antibiotic. Berberine sulfate induces reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and inhibits DNA topoisomerase. Berberine sulfate has antineoplastic properties. The sulfate form improves bioavailability.

Thymoquinone is an orally active natural product isolated from N. sativa Thymoquinone down-regulates the VEGFR2-PI3K-Akt pathway. Thymoquinone has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antiviral, anticonvulsant, antifungal, antiviral, antiangiogenic activity and hepatoprotective effects. Thymoquinone can be used to study Alzheimer's disease, cancer, cardiovascular disease, infectious disease and inflammation .

Coptisine chloride is an alkaloid from Chinese goldthread, and acts as an efficient uncompetitive IDO inhibitor with a K_i value of 5.8 μM and an IC₅₀ value of 6.3 μM. Coptisine chloride is a potent H1N1 neuraminidase (NA-1) inhibitor with an IC₅₀ of 104.6?μg/mL and can be used for influenza A (H1N1) infection.

Berberine hemisulfate is the hemisulfate form of Berberine (HY-N0716). Berberine hemisulfate is an alkaloid isolated from the Chinese herbal medicine Huanglian. Berberine hemisulfate exhibits anti-inflammatory, antibiobic, antitumor, cardiovascular protective and neuroprotective activity.

Pulchinenoside C (Anemoside B4) is a natural compound of the herbaceous peony saponin B4, which has many biological effects, such as antitumor, neuroprotective, and anti-angiogenic activities.

Isoferulic acid (3-Hydroxy-4-methoxycinnamic acid) is an orally active cinnamic acid derivative. Isoferulic acid exhibits hypoglycemic, antiviral, and antioxidant activities. Isoferulic acid can also inhibit fructose- and glucose-mediated protein glycation. Isoferulic acid can be used in the research of diseases such as diabetes.

Jatrorrhizine chloride is an alkaloid isolated from Coptis chinensis with neuroprotective, antimicrobial, antiplasmodial and antioxidant activities. Jatrorrhizine chloride is a potent and orally active inhibitor of AChE (IC₅₀=872 nM) over >115-fold selectivity for BuChE. Jatrorrhizine chloride reduces uptake of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) via inhibition of uptake-2 transporters.

Higenamine (Norcoclaurine), a β2-AR agonist with antioxidant capability, is a key component of the Chinese herb aconite root that prescribes for treating symptoms of heart failure in the oriental Asian countries. Higenamine is also a α1-adrenergic receptor antagonist with hypotensive effect. is a selective LSD1 inhibitor (IC₅₀=1.47 μM) that can be isolated from aconite. Higenamine hydrochloride has anti-inflammatory and antibacterial activity. Higenamine protects myocyte Apoptosis and ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury through selective activation of beta2-adrenergic receptor (β2-AR). Higenamine also reduces I/R-induced myocardial infarction in mice. Higenamine can attenuate IL-1β-induced Apoptosis through ROS-mediated PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. Higenamine protects brain cells from oxygen deprivation. Higenamine can promote bone formation in osteoporosis through the SMAD2/3 pathway. Higenamine can be used to study cancer, inflammation, cardiorenal syndrome and other diseases.

Benzoylaconine (Benzoylaconitine) is an orally active monoester alkaloid found in the traditional Chinese medicine Aconitum carmichaelii. Benzoylaconine is an ACE2 agonist (EC₅₀: 1.5 μM) with antihypertensive and anti-heart failure effects. Benzoylaconine inhibits TLR-induced MAPK and NF-κB pathways to exert anti-inflammatory effects. Benzoylaconine upregulates the protein levels of P-gp, MRP2, and has anti-tumor effects.

Berberine chloride hydrate (Natural Yellow 18 chloride hydrate) is an alkaloid that acts as an antibiotic. Berberine chloride hydrate induces reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and inhibits DNA topoisomerase. Antineoplastic properties.

Epiberberine chloride is an alkaloid isolated from Coptis chinensis, acts as a potent AChE and BChE inhibitor, and a non-competitive BACE1 inhibitor, with IC₅₀s of 1.07, 6.03 and 8.55 μM, respectively. Epiberberine chloride has antioxidant activity, with peroxynitrite ONOO^- scavenging effect (IC₅₀, 16.83 μM), and may protect against Alzheimer disease. Epiberberine chloride inhibits the early stage of differentiation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes, downregulates the Raf/MEK1/2/ERK1/2 and AMPKα/Akt pathways. Epiberberine has the potential effect in the research of diabetic disease.

Cimifugin (Cimitin) is a bioactive component of Cimicifuga racemosa, a Chinese herb. Cimifugin suppresses allergic inflammation by reducing epithelial derived initiative key factors via regulating tight junctions. Cimifugin reduces the migration and chemotaxis of RAW264.7 cells and inhibits the release of inflammatory factors and activation of MAPKs and NF-κB signaling pathways induced by LPS.

Benzoylmesaconine is a monoester-type alkaloid and is the most abundant component of Wutou decoction, which is widely used in China for rheumatoid arthritis. Benzoylmesaconine exhibits potent anti-inflammatory properties by inhibiting NF-κB. Benzoylmesaconine can suppress NLRP3 inflammasome activation by inhibiting IL-1β secretion and GSDMD-N protein expression. Benzoylmesaconine reduces intracellular K⁺ efflux and disrupts NLRP3 inflammasome assembly.

Hypaconitine inhibits the KCNH2 current with an IC₅₀ of 8.1 nM, and exhibits cardiotoxicity. Hypaconitine inhibits TGF-β1-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in A549 cell through the inhibition of NF-κB nuclear translocation. Hypaconitine acts as the neuromuscular blocker. Hypaconitine is orally active.

Talatisamine is an orally active cyclophilin D activator isolated from the roots of Aconitum carmichaeli Debx. Talatisamine exerts biological functions by activating cyclophilin D, inhibiting Ca²⁺-dependent opening of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) (IC₅₀=78 μM), and blocking delayed rectifier K⁺ channels (IC₅₀=146 μM). Talatisamine possesses both antioxidant and membrane-stabilizing properties, effectively inhibits lipid peroxidation and protects mitochondrial membrane function. Talatisamine exhibits multiple activities including antiarrhythmic, hypotensive, anti-inflammatory, anticancer and neuroprotective effects. Talatisamine finds applications in the research of ischemic diseases, rheumatoid arthritis, inflammation-related diseases and Alzheimer's disease.

Convallatoxin is a cardiac glycoside isolated from Adonis amurensis Regel et Radde. Convallatoxin ameliorates colitic inflammation via activation of PPARγ and suppression of NF-κB. Convallatoxin is a P-glycoprotein (P-gp) substrate and recognized Val982 as an important amino acid involved in its transport. Convallatoxin is an enhancer of ligand-induced MOR endocytosis with high potency and efficacy. Anti-inflammatory and anti-proliferative properties.

Aconine inhibits receptor activator of nuclear factor (NF)-κB ligand (RANKL)-induced NF-κB activation.

Methyl palmitate is a naturally occurring fatty acid ester. Methyl palmitate is a potent inhibitor of ΙκB phosphorylation. Methyl palmitate modulates macrophage activity and down-regulates pro-inflammatory mediators such as TNF-α and nitric oxide (NO). Methyl palmitate possesses anti-inflammatory and antifibrotic effects. Methyl palmitate can inhibit LPS (HY-D1056)-induced Kupffer cells and rat peritoneal macrophages. Methyl palmitate is able to inhibit the phagocytic function of RAW cells. Methyl palmitate is antagonistic to muscarinic receptors. Methyl palmitate exerts cardioprotective effects against ischemia/reperfusion injury in vivo. Methyl palmitate is highly toxic against adult T. cinnabarinus.

Mesaconitine is a nitric oxide synthase activator. Mesaconitine drives extracellular Na⁺ and Ca²⁺ influx into endothelial cells, increases intracellular Na⁺ and Ca²⁺ concentrations, and triggers nitric oxide release. Mesaconitine is applicable for pain-related research.