1. Protein Tyrosine Kinase/RTK Autophagy
  2. VEGFR c-Kit PDGFR Autophagy FGFR
  3. Pazopanib

Pazopanib (GW786034) is a novel multi-target inhibitor of VEGFR1, VEGFR2, VEGFR3, PDGFRβ, c-Kit, FGFR1, and c-Fms with IC50s of 10, 30, 47, 84, 74, 140 and 146 nM, respectively.

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Pazopanib Chemical Structure

Pazopanib Chemical Structure

CAS No. : 444731-52-6

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Customer Review

Based on 14 publication(s) in Google Scholar

Other Forms of Pazopanib:

Top Publications Citing Use of Products

    Pazopanib purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Cell Physiol Biochem. 2016;38(3):926-38.  [Abstract]

    Arithmetic means±SEM (n=16) of erythrocyte annexin-V-binding following incubation for 48 hours to Ringer solution without (white bar) or with (black bars) Pazopanib (10-50 µg/mL).

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    • Biological Activity

    • Protocol

    • Purity & Documentation

    • References

    • Customer Review

    Description

    Pazopanib (GW786034) is a novel multi-target inhibitor of VEGFR1, VEGFR2, VEGFR3, PDGFRβ, c-Kit, FGFR1, and c-Fms with IC50s of 10, 30, 47, 84, 74, 140 and 146 nM, respectively.

    IC50 & Target[1]

    VEGFR1

    10 nM (IC50)

    VEGFR2

    30 nM (IC50)

    VEGFR3

    47 nM (IC50)

    PDGFRβ

    84 nM (IC50)

    FGFR1

    140 nM (IC50)

    c-Kit

    74 nM (IC50)

    c-Fms

    146 nM (IC50)

    In Vitro

    Pazopanib shows good potency against all the human VEGFR receptors with an IC50 of 10, 30, and 47 nM for VEGFR-1, -2, and -3, respectively. Significant activity is also seen against the closely related tyrosine receptor kinases PDGFRβ, c-Kit, FGF-R1, and c-fms with IC50s of 84, 74, 140, and 146 nM, respectively. In cellular assays, in addition to inhibiting the VEGF-induced proliferation of HUVECs, Pazopanib potently inhibits VEGF-induced phosphorylation of VEGFR-2 in HUVEC cells with an IC50 of ~8 nM. Pazopanib possesses good pharmacokinetics in rat, dog, and monkey with low clearances (1.4-1.7 mL/min/kg) and good oral bioavailabilities (72, 47, 65%) dosed at 10, 1, and 5 mg/kg, respectively. The cytochrome P450 profile is also improved with inhibition >10 μM against the isozymes tested, with the exception of 2C9 (7.9 μM)[1].

    MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

    In Vivo

    Treatment of mice with 100 mg/kg of Pazopanib twice daily for five days results in significant inhibition in the degree of vascularization. The antiangiogenic activity of Pazopanib is examined in mice bearing established human xenografts (200 250 mm3) using HT29 (colon carcinoma), A375P (melanoma), and HN5 (head and neck carcinoma) tumors following a standard three-week course of therapy. The HN5 and HT29 xenografts responded better at all doses compared to the A375P model, which is historically more resistant to VEGFR-2 inhibitors. As support that the observed inhibition of xenograft growth is working through an antiangiogenic rather than antitumor mechanism, no antiproliferative activity is observed below 10 μM for Pazopanib against these human tumor lines (HT29, HN5, A375P) growing in serum-containing media. No significant effect on the body weight of mice is observed, and the animals appeared healthy and active throughout the study duration[1].
    The quantity of adherent leukocytes in the Pazopanib eye drops group is less than untreated diabetic animals and more than the healthy animals. Average leukocytes adhered to the retinal vasculature in healthy animals is 37.2±7.8, whereas diabetic animals have an average value of 102±15.6, approximately 3-fold higher than healthy animals. Animals treated with 0.5 % w/v Pazopanib suspension demonstrate 69.5±9.5 leukocytes adhered in their retinal vasculature, which is found to be significantly lower than diabetic animals[2].

    MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

    Clinical Trial
    Molecular Weight

    437.52

    Formula

    C21H23N7O2S

    CAS No.
    Appearance

    Solid

    Color

    White to off-white

    SMILES

    O=S(C1=CC(NC2=NC=CC(N(C3=CC4=NN(C(C)=C4C=C3)C)C)=N2)=CC=C1C)(N)=O

    Shipping

    Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.

    Storage
    Powder -20°C 3 years
    4°C 2 years
    In solvent -80°C 2 years
    -20°C 1 year
    Solvent & Solubility
    In Vitro: 

    DMSO : 50 mg/mL (114.28 mM; Need ultrasonic; Hygroscopic DMSO has a significant impact on the solubility of product, please use newly opened DMSO)

    Preparing
    Stock Solutions
    Concentration Solvent Mass 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg
    1 mM 2.2856 mL 11.4280 mL 22.8561 mL
    5 mM 0.4571 mL 2.2856 mL 4.5712 mL
    View the Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

    * Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
    Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 2 years; -20°C, 1 year. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 2 years. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 year.

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    Mass (g) = Concentration (mol/L) × Volume (L) × Molecular Weight (g/mol)

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    In Vivo:

    Select the appropriate dissolution method based on your experimental animal and administration route.

    For the following dissolution methods, please ensure to first prepare a clear stock solution using an In Vitro approach and then sequentially add co-solvents:
    To ensure reliable experimental results, the clarified stock solution can be appropriately stored based on storage conditions. As for the working solution for in vivo experiments, it is recommended to prepare freshly and use it on the same day.
    The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.

    • Protocol 1

      Add each solvent one by one:  10% DMSO    90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline)

      Solubility: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (5.71 mM); Clear solution

      This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (saturation unknown).

      Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (25.0 mg/mL) to 900 μL 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline, and mix evenly.

      Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C, storage for one week): 2 g SBE-β-CD powder is dissolved in 10 mL Saline, completely dissolve until clear.
    • Protocol 2

      Add each solvent one by one:  10% DMSO    90% Corn Oil

      Solubility: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (5.71 mM); Clear solution

      This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (saturation unknown). If the continuous dosing period exceeds half a month, please choose this protocol carefully.

      Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (25.0 mg/mL) to 900 μL Corn oil, and mix evenly.

    In Vivo Dissolution Calculator
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    Recommended: Prepare an additional quantity of animals to account for potential losses during experiments.
    Please enter your animal formula composition:
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    Recommended: Keep the proportion of DMSO in working solution below 2% if your animal is weak.
    The co-solvents required include: DMSO, . All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE). , Tween 80. All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE).
    Calculation results:
    Working solution concentration: mg/mL
    Method for preparing stock solution: mg drug dissolved in μL  DMSO (Stock solution concentration: mg/mL).
    The concentration of the stock solution you require exceeds the measured solubility. The following solution is for reference only. If necessary, please contact MedChemExpress (MCE).
    Method for preparing in vivo working solution for animal experiments: Take μL DMSO stock solution, add μL . μL , mix evenly, next add μL Tween 80, mix evenly, then add μL Saline.
     If the continuous dosing period exceeds half a month, please choose this protocol carefully.
    Please ensure that the stock solution in the first step is dissolved to a clear state, and add co-solvents in sequence. You can use ultrasonic heating (ultrasonic cleaner, recommended frequency 20-40 kHz), vortexing, etc. to assist dissolution.
    Purity & Documentation

    Purity: 99.91%

    References
    Kinase Assay
    [1]

    VEGFR enzyme assays for VEGGR1, VEGFR2, and VEGFR3 are run in homogeneous time-resolved fluorescence (HTRF) format in 384-well microtiter plates using a purified, baculovirus-expressed glutathione-S-transferase (GST) fusion protein encoding the catalytic c-terminus of human VEGFR receptor kinases 1, 2, or 3. Reactions are initiated by the addition of 10 μL of activated VEGFR2 kinase solution [final concentration, 1 nM enzyme in 0.1 M 4-(2-hydroxyethyl)-1-piperazineethanesulfonic acid (HEPES), pH 7.5, containing 0.1 mg/mL bovine serum albumin (BSA), 300 μM dithiothreitol (DTT)] to 10 μL substrate solution [final concentration, 360 nM peptide, (biotin-aminohexyl-EEEEYFELVAKKKK-NH2), 75 μM ATP, 10 μM MgCl2], and 1 μL of titrated compound in DMSO. Plates are incubated at room temperature for 60 min, and then the reaction is quenched by the addition of 20 μL of 100 mM ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA). After quenching, 20 μL HTRF reagents (final concentration, 15 nM Streptavidin-linked allophycocyanin, 1 nM Europium-labeled antiphosphotyrosine antibody diluted in 0.1 mg/mL BSA, 0.1 M HEPES, pH 7.5) is added and the plates incubated for a minimum of 10 min. The fluorescence at 665 nM is measured with a Wallac Victor plate reader using a time delay of 50 μs[1].

    MCE has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

    Cell Assay
    [1]

    The effect of Pazopanib on cell proliferation is measured using 5-bromo-2-deoxyuridine (BrdU) incorporation method using commercially available kits. HUVEC is seeded in medium containing 5% fetal bovine serum (FBS) in type 1 collagen coated 96-well plates and incubated overnight at 37°C, 5% CO2. The medium is aspirated from the cells, and various concentrations of Pazopanib in serum-free medium are added to each well. After 30 min, either VEGF (10 ng/mL) or bFGF (0.3 ng/mL) is added to the wells. Cells are incubated for an additional 72 h and BrdU (10 μM) is added during the last 18 to 24 h of incubation. At the end of incubation, BrdU incorporation in cells is measured by ELISA. Data are fitted with a curve described by the equation, y=Vmax(1−(x/(K+x))), where K is equal to the IC50[1].

    MCE has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

    Animal Administration
    [1][2]

    Mice[1]
    Tumors are initiated by injection of tumor cell suspension in 8−12 week old nude mice. When tumors reach a volume of 100−200 mm3, mice are randomized and divided into groups of eight. Pazopanib is administered once or twice daily at 10, 30, or 100 mg/kg. Animals are euthanized by inhalation of CO2 at the completion of the study. Tumor volume is measured twice weekly by calipers, using the equation: tumor volume (mm3)=(length×width2)/2. Results are routinely reported as % inhibition=1−(average growth of the drug treated population/average growth of vehicle treated control population).
    Rats[2]
    Male Brown-Norway (BN; pigmented) rats weighing 200 to 250 g are acclimatized for at least two days prior to any experimental procedure. After overnight fasting for 12-16 h, an intraperitoneal injection of 30 mg/mL solution of Streptozotocin in 10 mM citrate buffer (pH 4.5) is administered (60 mg/kg body weight) to induce diabetes. After 3-4 h of Streptozotocin injection, animals are put on a regular diet and 24 h after Streptozotocin injection, blood sample (5-10 μL) is collected via tail vein. The blood glucose levels in the animals are determined with a glucose monitor. Animals with blood glucose levels greater than 250 mg/dL are considered diabetic. The animals are divided into three groups. Group 1: Healthy (n=12), Group 2: Diabetic (n=12) and Group 3: Diabetic+Treatment (n=12). Treatment is started immediately after diabetes induction. Both eyes are dosed twice daily for 30 days with 0.5 % w/v Pazopanib suspension (10 μL volume in each eye) and animals in all groups are sacrificed on day 31, 16-17 h after last dose on day 30.

    MCE has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

    References

    Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

    * Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
    Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 2 years; -20°C, 1 year. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 2 years. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 year.

    Optional Solvent Concentration Solvent Mass 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg 25 mg
    DMSO 1 mM 2.2856 mL 11.4280 mL 22.8561 mL 57.1402 mL
    5 mM 0.4571 mL 2.2856 mL 4.5712 mL 11.4280 mL
    10 mM 0.2286 mL 1.1428 mL 2.2856 mL 5.7140 mL
    15 mM 0.1524 mL 0.7619 mL 1.5237 mL 3.8093 mL
    20 mM 0.1143 mL 0.5714 mL 1.1428 mL 2.8570 mL
    25 mM 0.0914 mL 0.4571 mL 0.9142 mL 2.2856 mL
    30 mM 0.0762 mL 0.3809 mL 0.7619 mL 1.9047 mL
    40 mM 0.0571 mL 0.2857 mL 0.5714 mL 1.4285 mL
    50 mM 0.0457 mL 0.2286 mL 0.4571 mL 1.1428 mL
    60 mM 0.0381 mL 0.1905 mL 0.3809 mL 0.9523 mL
    80 mM 0.0286 mL 0.1429 mL 0.2857 mL 0.7143 mL
    100 mM 0.0229 mL 0.1143 mL 0.2286 mL 0.5714 mL
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