Cat. No.: HY-B0167

Salicylic acid

(Synonyms: 2-Hydroxybenzoic acid)

15 Cited Publications

Customer Review

Based on 15 publication(s) in Google Scholar

Salicylic acid (2-Hydroxybenzoic acid) inhibits cyclo-oxygenase-2 (COX-2) activity independently of transcription factor (NF-κB) activation. Salicylic acid has blood-brain barrier permeability.

For research use only. We do not sell to patients.

Purity: 98.42%
CAS No.: 69-72-7
Formula: C₇H₆O₃
Molecular Weight:138.12

Storage:

4°C, protect from light

* In solvent : -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (protect from light)

Salicylic acid Chemical Structure

CAS No.: 69-72-7

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Strong Fluorescence Signal / Multi-Disciplinary Applications / High Fluorescence Specificity

Biological Activity
- Description
- IC₅₀ & Target
- Cellular Effect
- In Vitro
- In Vivo
Chemical Information
Publications (15)
Solvent & Solubility
- In Vitro
- In Vivo
Protocol
Purity & Documentation
References
Help & FAQs
Bioz

Biological Activity

Description

Salicylic acid (2-Hydroxybenzoic acid) inhibits cyclo-oxygenase-2 (COX-2) activity independently of transcription factor (NF-κB) activation. Salicylic acid has blood-brain barrier permeability^[1]^[2]^[3].

IC₅₀ & Target^[1]

COX-2

Microbial Metabolite

Autophagy

Mitophagy

Apoptosis

All COX Isoforms :

All Endogenous Metabolite Isoforms :

Cellular Effect

Cell Line	Type	Value	Description	References
Caco-2	IC₅₀	5 mM Compound: salicylic acid	Cytotoxicity against human Caco2 cells after 24 hrs by MTT assay Cytotoxicity against human Caco2 cells after 24 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 26617961]
CHO	IC₅₀	280 μM Compound: Salicylate	TP_TRANSPORTER: inhibition of 6-Carboxyfluorescein uptake in OAT1-expressing CHO cells TP_TRANSPORTER: inhibition of 6-Carboxyfluorescein uptake in OAT1-expressing CHO cells	[PMID: 10929807]
DU-145	IC₅₀	>100 μM Compound: 2; Salic	Antiproliferative activity against human DU-145 cells incubated for 48 hrs by MTT assay Antiproliferative activity against human DU-145 cells incubated for 48 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 36257283]
HEK293	IC₅₀	>15 mM Compound: Salicylate	Cytotoxicity against HEK293 cells harboring pendrin P123S mutant after 72 hrs by MTT assay Cytotoxicity against HEK293 cells harboring pendrin P123S mutant after 72 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 28341401]
HT-29	IC₅₀	>100 μM Compound: 2; Salic	Antiproliferative activity against human HT-29 cells incubated for 48 hrs by MTT assay Antiproliferative activity against human HT-29 cells incubated for 48 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 36257283]
MCF7	IC₅₀	>100 μM Compound: 2; Salic	Antiproliferative activity against human MCF7 cells incubated for 48 hrs by MTT assay Antiproliferative activity against human MCF7 cells incubated for 48 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 36257283]
MDCK	EC₅₀	>250 μM Compound: 22	Plaque growth inhibition Plaque growth inhibition	[PMID: 22211528]
RAW264.7	CC₅₀	>40 μM Compound: 1	Cytotoxicity against mouse RAW264.7 cells assessed as reduction in survival rate after 24 hrs by MTT assay Cytotoxicity against mouse RAW264.7 cells assessed as reduction in survival rate after 24 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 25200306]
Sf21	IC₅₀	>1000 μM Compound: Salicylic acid	Inhibition of human BSEP expressed in plasma membrane vesicles of Sf21 cells assessed as inhibition of ATP-dependent [3H]taurocholate uptake Inhibition of human BSEP expressed in plasma membrane vesicles of Sf21 cells assessed as inhibition of ATP-dependent [3H]taurocholate uptake	[PMID: 21965623]
Sf21	IC₅₀	>1000 μM Compound: Salicylic acid	Inhibition of Sprague-Dawley rat Bsep expressed in plasma membrane vesicles of Sf21 cells assessed as inhibition of ATP-dependent [3H]taurocholate uptake Inhibition of Sprague-Dawley rat Bsep expressed in plasma membrane vesicles of Sf21 cells assessed as inhibition of ATP-dependent [3H]taurocholate uptake	[PMID: 21965623]
Sf9	IC₅₀	500 μM Compound: salicylic acid	Inhibition of human recombinant COX1 expressed in Sf9 cell microsomes assessed as reduction in conversion of arachidonic acid to PGE2 incubated for 5 mins by HTRF assay Inhibition of human recombinant COX1 expressed in Sf9 cell microsomes assessed as reduction in conversion of arachidonic acid to PGE2 incubated for 5 mins by HTRF assay	[PMID: 27046190]

In Vitro

Salicylic acid is an effective inhibitor of COX-2 activity at concentrations far below those required to inhibit NF-κB (20 mg/mL) activation. Salicylic acid inhibits prostaglandin E₂ release when add together with interleukin 1β for 24 hr with an IC₅₀ value of 5 μg/mL, an effect that is independent of NF-κB activation or COX-2 transcription or translation. Salicylic acid acutely (30 min) also causes a concentration-dependent inhibition of COX-2 activity measured in the presence of 0, 1, or 10 μM exogenous arachidonic acid. In contrast, when exogenous arachidonic acid is increased to 30 μM, Salicylic acid is a very weak inhibitor of COX-2 activity with an IC₅₀ of >100 μg/mL. When added together with IL-1β for 24 hr, Salicylic acid causes a concentration-dependent inhibition of PGE₂ release with an apparent IC₅₀ value of approximately 5 μg/mL. The ability of Salicylic acid to directly inhibit COX-2 activity in A549 cells is tested after a 30-min exposure period, followed by the addition of different concentrations of exogenous arachidonic acid (1, 10, and 30 μM). Salicylic acid causes a concentration-dependent inhibition of COX-2 activity in the absence of added arachidonic acid or in the presence of 1 or 10 μM exogenous substrate with an apparent IC₅₀ value of approximately 5 μg/mL. However, when the same experiments are performed using 30 μM arachidonic acid, Salicylic acid is an ineffective inhibitor of COX-2 activity, with an apparent IC₅₀ value of more than 100 μg/mL, and achieves a maximal inhibition of less than 50%^[1].

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

In Vivo

In C57Bl/6 DIO mice, Salicylic acid decreases both fasting and postprandial plasma glucose levels. Furthermore, there is a trend to reduce plasma triglyceride levels after Salicylic acid treatment in C57Bl/6 DIO mice (P=0.059). Salicylic acid significantly reduces 11β-HSD1 mRNA in omental adipose tissue in C57Bl/6 DIO mice, with a similar trend in mesenteric adipose (P=0.057). In mesenteric adipose of C57Bl/6 DIO mice, Salicylic acid also reduces 11β-HSD1 enzyme activity^[2].

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

Chemical Information

CAS No. 69-72-7
Appearance Solid
Molecular Weight 138.12
Formula C₇H₆O₃
Color Off-white to light brown
SMILES

O=C(O)C1=CC=CC=C1O
Synonyms

2-Hydroxybenzoic acid
Structure Classification
- Phenols
- Monophenols
- Ketones, Aldehydes, Acids
Initial Source
- Plants
- other families
- Endogenous metabolite
Shipping

Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.
Storage

4°C, protect from light

* In solvent : -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (protect from light)

Publications (15)

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Redox Biol

Redox imbalance drives magnetic property and function changes in mice. [Abstract]

2025 Feb 21:81:103561. PMID: 40020452
Plant Cell

AIG2A and AIG2B limit the activation of salicylic acid-regulated defenses by tryptophan-derived secondary metabolism in Arabidopsis. [Abstract]

2022 Oct 27;34(11):4641-4660. PMID: 35972413
Cancer Lett

Palmitic acid negatively regulates tumor suppressor PTEN through T366 phosphorylation and protein degradation. [Abstract]

2021 Jan 1;496:127-133. PMID: 33039560
Food Chem

Discovery of novel ascorbic acid derivatives and other metabolites in fruit of Rosa roxburghii Tratt through untargeted metabolomics and feature-based molecular networking. [Abstract]

2023 Mar 30;405(Pt A):134807. PMID: 36370576
Phytomedicine

Arnicolide C induces ROS-mediated modulation of PI3K/Akt and MAPK pathways to suppress MYC in hepatocellular carcinoma. [Abstract]

2025 Oct 20:148:157423. PMID: 41138574
PLoS Biol

A high-throughput behavioral screening platform for measuring chemotaxis by C. elegans. [Abstract]

2024 Jun 27;22(6):e3002672. PMID: 38935621
Emerg Contam

2026 Feb 23.
Commun Biol

Thalamo-cortical neural mechanism of sodium salicylate-induced hyperacusis and anxiety-like behaviors. [Abstract]

2024 Oct 18;7(1):1346. PMID: 39420035
BMC Plant Biol

Comparative transcriptome analysis reveals key genes and signaling pathways mediated by salicylic acid in potato. [Abstract]

2025 Jul 21;25(1):937. PMID: 40691758
Clin Chim Acta

Simultaneous quantification of acetylsalicylic acid, clopidogrel, ticagrelor and their major metabolites in human plasma by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. [Abstract]

2025 Dec 31:120816. PMID: 41482259
J Orthop Surg Res

Sodium salicylate ameliorates exercise-induced muscle damage in mice by inhibiting NF-kB signaling. [Abstract]

2023 Dec 15;18(1):967. PMID: 38098039
Vet Microbiol

The Chinese medicine monomer Schisandrin C inhibits PRRSV infection by regulating the OGT-PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. [Abstract]

2026 May:316:110992. PMID: 41865607
Biopharm Drug Dispos

Inhibition of canalicular and sinusoidal taurocholate efflux by cholestatic drugs in human hepatoma HepaRG cells. [Abstract]

2022 Dec;43(6):265-271. PMID: 36195987
bioRxiv

An efficient behavioral screening platform classifies natural products and other chemical cues according to their chemosensory valence in C. elegans. [Abstract]

2024 Apr 3:2023.06.02.542933. PMID: 37333363
Charles University

2020 Jul.

Solvent & Solubility

In Vitro:

DMSO : ≥ 50 mg/mL (362.00 mM; Hygroscopic DMSO has a significant impact on the solubility of product, please use newly opened DMSO)

H₂O : 1 mg/mL (7.24 mM; Need ultrasonic)

* "≥" means soluble, but saturation unknown.

View the Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

Preparing Stock Solutions

View the Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

Concentration Solvent Mass

1 mg

5 mg

10 mg

Concentration

Solvent

Mass

1 mM

7.2401 mL

36.2004 mL

72.4008 mL

5 mM

1.4480 mL

7.2401 mL

14.4802 mL

10 mM

0.7240 mL

3.6200 mL

7.2401 mL

Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.

Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (protect from light). When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.

* Note: If you choose water as the stock solution, please dilute it to the working solution, then filter and sterilize it with a 0.22 μm filter before use.

Molarity Calculator

Mass (g) = Concentration (mol/L) × Volume (L) × Molecular Weight (g/mol)

Mass Mass

Concentration Concentration

Volume Volume

Molecular Weight Molecular Weight

Dilution Calculator

Concentration _(start) × Volume _(start) = Concentration _(final) × Volume _(final)

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In Vivo:

Select the appropriate dissolution method based on your experimental animal and administration route.

Stock Solution Working Solution

For the following dissolution methods, please ensure to first prepare a clear stock solution using an In Vitro approach and then sequentially add co-solvents:
To ensure reliable experimental results, the clarified stock solution can be appropriately stored based on storage conditions. As for the working solution for In Vivo experiments, it is recommended to prepare freshly and use it on the same day.
The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.

Protocol 1

Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 40% PEG300 5% Tween-80 45% Saline

Solubility: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (18.10 mM); Clear solution

This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (saturation unknown).

Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (25.0 mg/mL) to 400 μL PEG300, and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 and mix evenly; then add 450 μL Saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL.

Protocol 2

Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline)

Solubility: 2.5 mg/mL (18.10 mM); Clear solution; Need ultrasonic

This protocol yields a clear solution of 2.5 mg/mL.

Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (25.0 mg/mL) to 900 μL 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline, and mix evenly.

Protocol 3

Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 90% Corn Oil

Solubility: 2.5 mg/mL (18.10 mM); Clear solution; Need ultrasonic

This protocol yields a clear solution of 2.5 mg/mL. If the continuous dosing period exceeds half a month, please choose this protocol carefully.

Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (25.0 mg/mL) to 900 μL Corn oil, and mix evenly.

In Vivo Dissolution Calculator

Please enter the basic information of animal experiments:

Dosage Dosage
mg/kg
Animal Weight (Per Animal) Animal Weight (Per Animal)
g
Dosing Volume (Per Animal) Dosing Volume (Per Animal)
μL
Number of Animals Number of Animals

Recommended: Prepare an additional quantity of animals to account for potential losses during experiments.

Recommended: Prepare an additional quantity of animals to account for potential losses during experiments.

Please enter your animal formula composition:

%
DMSO +

Recommended: Keep the proportion of DMSO in working solution below 2% if your animal is weak.
%
+
+
%
Tween-80 + +
%
Saline +

The co-solvents required include: DMSO, . All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE). , Tween 80. All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE).

Working solution concentration: 0.22 mg/mL

Protocol

Cell Assay^[1]

To assess the direct effect of Salicylic acid on COX-2 activity after induction has occurred, A549 cells are first treated with IL-1β for 24 hr, and the culture medium is replaced with DMEM containing different concentrations of Salicylic acid(10, 100 and 1000 μg/mL). Cells are incubated at 37°C for 30 min. Arachidonic acid (1-30 μM) is then added for 15 min, and the medium is removed for the measurement of PGE₂^[1].

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

Animal Administration^[2]

Mice^[2]
Adult male C57Bl/6 mice are at age 12 weeks. Diet-induced obese C57Bl/6 mice (C57Bl/6 DIO) are given 10 weeks of high-fat diet (58% fat, 12% sucrose) before treatment. Salicylic acid (120 mg/kg/day) is administered from 1 week after arriving (C57Bl/6 Lean), after 10 weeks of high-fat feeding (C57Bl/6 DIO), or after achieving target weight (HSD1KO-DIO) for 4 weeks to groups of n=8 via osmotic minipumps implant subcutaneously between the scapulae.

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

Purity & Documentation

Select Batch:

Purity: 99.98%

Assay: 99.98%

ee.: 99.98%

Data Sheet (282 KB)
SDS (779 KB)
- English - EN (779 KB)
- Français - FR (779 KB)
- Deutsch - DE (779 KB)
- Norwegian - NO (779 KB)
- Español - ES (779 KB)
- Swedish - SV (779 KB)
- Italian - IT (779 KB)
- Portuguese - PT (779 KB)
COA (2659 KB)
Elemental Analysis Report (2659 KB)
HNMR (2659 KB)
CNMR (2659 KB)
RP-HPLC (2659 KB)
NP-HPLC (2659 KB)
MS (2659 KB)
LCMS (2659 KB)
IR (2659 KB)
GC (2659 KB)
OR (2659 KB)
SDS-PAGE (2659 KB)
SEC-HPLC (2659 KB)
Other Report (2659 KB)
Handling Instructions (2659 KB)

References

[1]. Mitchell JA, et al. Sodium salicylate inhibits cyclo-oxygenase-2 activity independently of transcription factor (nuclear factor kappaB) activation: role of arachidonic acid. Mol Pharmacol. 1997 Jun;51(6):907-12. [Content Brief]

[2]. Nixon M, et al. Salicylate downregulates 11β-HSD1 expression in adipose tissue in obese mice and in humans, mediating insulin sensitization. Diabetes. 2012 Apr;61(4):790-6. [Content Brief]

[3]. Kang YS, et al. Acidic drug transport in vivo through the blood-brain barrier. A role of the transport carrier for monocarboxylic acids. J Pharmacobiodyn. 1990 Feb;13(2):158-63. [Content Brief]

Help & FAQs

How should lyophilized recombinant proteins be reconstituted and stored?

1. Before opening the cap, centrifuge the vial at 13000 rpm for 20-30 seconds. This step will ensure that any lyophilized powder that may have adhered to the cap or walls is collected at the bottom of the vial, minimizing the risk of product loss.

Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

Optional Solvent	Concentration Solvent Mass	1 mg	5 mg	10 mg	25 mg
H₂O / DMSO	1 mM	7.2401 mL	36.2004 mL	72.4008 mL	181.0020 mL
H₂O / DMSO	5 mM	1.4480 mL	7.2401 mL	14.4802 mL	36.2004 mL
DMSO	10 mM	0.7240 mL	3.6200 mL	7.2401 mL	18.1002 mL
	15 mM	0.4827 mL	2.4134 mL	4.8267 mL	12.0668 mL
	20 mM	0.3620 mL	1.8100 mL	3.6200 mL	9.0501 mL
	25 mM	0.2896 mL	1.4480 mL	2.8960 mL	7.2401 mL
	30 mM	0.2413 mL	1.2067 mL	2.4134 mL	6.0334 mL
	40 mM	0.1810 mL	0.9050 mL	1.8100 mL	4.5251 mL
	50 mM	0.1448 mL	0.7240 mL	1.4480 mL	3.6200 mL
	60 mM	0.1207 mL	0.6033 mL	1.2067 mL	3.0167 mL
	80 mM	0.0905 mL	0.4525 mL	0.9050 mL	2.2625 mL
	100 mM	0.0724 mL	0.3620 mL	0.7240 mL	1.8100 mL

* Note: If you choose water as the stock solution, please dilute it to the working solution, then filter and sterilize it with a 0.22 μm filter before use.

Keywords

Salicylic acid

15 Cited Publications

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Salicylic acid

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