2. Signaling Pathways
  3. Apoptosis
  4. Apoptosis

Apoptosis

Apoptosis

Apoptosis

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Apoptosis is a distinctive form of cell death exhibiting specific morphological and biochemical characteristics, including cell membrane blebbing, chromatin condensation, genomic DNA fragmentation, and exposure of specific phagocytosis signaling molecules on the cell surface. Cells undergoing apoptosis differ from those dying through necrosis. Necrotic cells are usually recognized by the immune system as a danger signal and, thus, resulting in inflammation; in contrast, apoptotic death is quiet and orderly.

There are two major pathways of apoptotic cell death induction: The intrinsic pathway, also called the Bcl-2-regulated or mitochondrial pathway, is activated by various developmental cues or cytotoxic insults, such as viral infection, DNA damage and growth-factor deprivation, and is strictly controlled by the BCL-2 family of proteins. The extrinsic or death-receptor pathway is triggered by ligation of death receptors (members of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor family, such as Fas or TNF receptor-1 (TNFR1)) that contain an intracellular death domain, which can recruit and activate caspase-8 through the adaptor protein Fas-associated death domain (FADD; also known as MORT1) at the cell surface. This recruitment causes subsequent activation of downstream (effector) caspases, such as caspase-3, -6 or -7, without any involvement of the BCL-2 family.

Studies suggest that alterations in cell survival contribute to the pathogenesis of a number of human diseases, including cancer, viral infections, autoimmune diseases, neurodegenerative disorders, and AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome). Treatments designed to specifically alter the apoptotic threshold may have the potential to change the natural progression of some of these diseases.

Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-17587
    4-Methylbenzylidene camphor
    		Inducer 99.87%
    4-Methylbenzylidene camphor (4-MBC) is an endocrine disrupter that produces estrogen-like effects. 4-Methylbenzylidene camphor decreases the proliferation of human trophoblast cells and induces apoptosis. 4-Methylbenzylidene camphor activates PI3K/AKT and ERK1/2 signaling pathways and elevates intracellular ROS production. 4-Methylbenzylidene camphor is a ultraviolet (UV) filter and may hamper normal placental formation during early pregnancy.
    4-Methylbenzylidene camphor
  • HY-106449
    Recoflavone
    		Inducer 98.0%
    Recoflavone (DA-6034 (free acid)), a synthetic derivative of the flavonoid Eupatilin (HY-N0783), is orally active. Recoflavone can inhibit the NF-κB pathway and induce [Ca(2+)]i increase in epithelial cells. Recoflavone exhibits activities such as anti-inflammation, anti-tumor effects, protection of gastric and intestinal mucosa, and promotion of secretion in the ocular surface and salivary glands. Recoflavone can be used for the research of diseases such as dry eye, gastric injury, and intestinal injury.
    Recoflavone
  • HY-158774
    TG2-179-1
    		Inducer 99.0%
    TG2-179-1 is a potent BAP1 inhibitor. TG2-179-1 inhibits the domain-containing deubiquitinase (DUB) activity of BAP1 by covalently binding to its active site. TG2-179-1 exerts cytotoxic activity, leading to defective replication and increased apoptosis. TG2-179-1 has the potential for colon cancer research.
    TG2-179-1
  • HY-N0430A
    Coptisine Sulfate
    		Inducer 99.37%
    Coptisine Sulfate is an orally active and brain-penetrant alkaloid found in Coptis chinensis. Coptisine Sulfate is a reversible, uncompetitive IDO inhibitor with a Ki of 5.8 μM and an IC50 of 6.3 μM. Coptisine Sulfate suppresses neuroinflammation, reduces Aβ plaque burden and shows neuroprotective activity. Coptisine Sulfate shows anti-inflammation activity by blocking NF-κB, MAPK, and PI3K/Akt activation. Coptisine Sulfate inhibits cancer cells proliferation, induces DNA damage, G2/M phase cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, ROS production and mitochondrial dysfunction. Coptisine Sulfate inhibits Rho/ROCK pathway activation, reduces arrhythmia, limits cardiac injury marker release, reduces infarct size, and preserves cardiac function in rat myocardial ischemia/reperfusion models. Coptisine Sulfate downregulates HMGCR and upregulates LDLR and CYP7A1 to modulate cholesterol metabolism, reduces abnormal serum lipid levels, and promotes fecal bile acid excretion. Coptisine Sulfate be used for the research of cancer, hypercholesterolemia, Alzheimer’s disease, inflammatory disorders and cardiovascular disease.
    Coptisine Sulfate
  • HY-N0364
    Falcarindiol
    		Inducer 99.48%
    Falcarindiol, an orally active polyacetylenic oxylipin, activates PPARγ and increases the expression of the cholesterol transporter ABCA1 in cells. Falcarindiol induces apoptosis and autophagy. Falcarindiol has anti-inflammatory, antifungal, anticancer and antidiabetic properties. Falcarindiol is a click chemistry reagent, it contains an Alkyne group and can undergo copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAc) with molecules containing Azide groups.
    Falcarindiol
  • HY-W014701
    1,4-Dihydroxy-2-naphthoic acid
    		Inducer 99.60%
    1,4-Dihydroxy-2-naphthoic acid is an aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) agonist. 1,4-Dihydroxy-2-naphthoic acid is also a bacterially derived metabolite and has anti-inflammatory activity.
    1,4-Dihydroxy-2-naphthoic acid
  • HY-N12851
    4-OHE
    		Inducer 98.97%
    4-OHE ((E)-4-Oxo-2-hexenal) is a mutagen formed by omega-3 lipid peroxidation. 4-OHE reacts with deoxyguanosine, deoxycytidine and 5-methyldeoxycytidine to form covalent adducts. 4-OHE induces apoptosis and exhibits genotoxicity. 4-OHE inhibits the growth of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, which correlates with its electrophilic reactivity towards nucleophilic biomolecules. 4-OHE is a chemical defense component of Dolycoris baccarum (sloe bug), and acts as a deterrent and toxin against insect predators.
    4-OHE
  • HY-13803R
    Tazemetostat (Standard)
    		Inducer
    Tazemetostat (Standard) is the analytical standard of Tazemetostat. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Tazemetostat (EPZ-6438) is a potent, selective and orally available EZH2 inhibitor. Tazemetostat inhibits the activity of human polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2)-containing wild-type EZH2 with a Ki value of 2.5 nM. Tazemetostat inhibits EZH2 with IC50s of 11 and 16 nM in peptide assay and nucleosome assay, respectively. Tazemetostat inhibits rat EZH2 with an IC50 of 4 nM. Tazemetostat also inhibits EZH1 with an IC50 of 392 nM. Tazemetostat induces apoptosis and differentiation specifically in SMARCB1-deleted MRT cells.
    Tazemetostat (Standard)
  • HY-100025A
    HLCL-61 hydrochloride
    		Inducer 99.87%
    HLCL-61 hydrochloride is a first-in-class inhibitor of protein arginine methyltransferase 5 (PRMT5).
    HLCL-61 hydrochloride
  • HY-15771A
    Tirabrutinib hydrochloride
    		Inducer 99.66%
    Tirabrutinib (ONO-4059) hydrochloride is an orally active Bruton’s Tyrosine Kinase (BTK) inhibitor (can cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB)), with an IC50 of 6.8 nM. Tirabrutinib hydrochloride irreversibly and covalently binds to BTK and inhibits aberrant B cell receptor signaling. Tirabrutinib hydrochloride can be used in studies of autoimmune diseases and hematological malignancies.
    Tirabrutinib hydrochloride
  • HY-145102
    NCT-58
    		Inhibitor 99.63%
    NCT-58 is a potent inhibitor of C-terminal HSP90. NCT-58 does not induce the heat shock response (HSR) due to its targeting of the C-terminal region and elicits anti-tumor activity via the simultaneous downregulation of HER family members as well as inhibition of Akt phosphorylation. NCT-58 kills Trastuzumab-resistant breast cancer stem-like cells. NCT-58 induces apoptosis in HER2-positive breast cancer cells.
    NCT-58
  • HY-10224A
    Panobinostat lactate
    		Inducer 98.67%
    Panobinostat lactate is a potent and orally active non-selective HDAC inhibitor. Panobinostat lactate has antineoplastic activities. Panobinostat lactate effectively disrupts HIV latency. Panobinostat lactate induces cell apoptosis and autophagy. Panobinostat lactate can be used for the study of refractory or relapsed multiple myeloma.
    Panobinostat lactate
  • HY-122627
    CLZ-8
    		Inducer 99.14%
    CLZ-8 (Compound 8) is an orally active Mcl-1-PUMA interface inhibitor, with a Ki of 0.3 μM. CLZ-8 exhibits dual activity on reduce PUMA-dependent apoptosis while deactivating Mcl-1-mediated anti-apoptosis in cancer cells.
    CLZ-8
  • HY-130122
    MG-277
    		Inducer 98.68%
    MG-277, a molecular glue degrader, effectively induces degradation of a translation termination factor based on Cereblon E3 ligand, GSPT1, with a DC50 of 1.3 nM. MG-277 potently inhibits tumor cell growth in a p53-independent manner, with IC50s of 3.5 nM for RS4;11 cells and 3.4 nM for p53 mutant RS4;11/IRMI-2 cells, respectively. Anticancer activity.
    MG-277
  • HY-119264
    PRLX-93936
    		Inducer 98.31%
    PRLX-93936 is a molecular Glues that binds to and reprograms the TRIM21 ubiquitin ligase to degrade nuclear pore complexes. PRLX-93936 binds to TRIM21, forms a ternary complex with TRIM21 and NUP98, and mediates the ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation of NUP98 and other nuclear pore complex proteins. PRLX-93936 induces the loss of short-lived cytoplasmic mRNA transcripts, triggers cancer cell apoptosis (Apoptosis), and inhibits the activated Ras pathway. PRLX-93936 inhibits HIF-1 under hypoxic conditions (IC50 = 0.09 μM in cell-based reporter gene assay). PRLX-93936 suppresses tumor growth in mouse models and improves survival rates in mouse models of multiple myeloma. PRLX-93936 is applicable to research related to pancreatic cancer and multiple myeloma.
    PRLX-93936
  • HY-111753A
    WDR5-IN-4 TFA
    		Inducer 98.04%
    WDR5-IN-4 TFA (Compound C6) is an inhibitor of the WIN site of chromatin-associated WD repeat-containing protein 5 (WDR5), with a Kd of 0.1 nM. WDR5-IN-4 TFA displaces WDR5 from chromatin and decreases the expression of associated genes, causing translational inhibition, nucleolar stress. Anti-cancer activity.
    WDR5-IN-4 TFA
  • HY-123979
    ζ-Stat
    		Inducer 98.98%
    ζ-Stat (NSC37044) is a specific and atypical PKC-ζ inhibitor, with an IC50 of 5 μM. ζ-Stat can reduce melanoma cell lines proliferation and induce apoptosis, and has antitumor activity in vitro.
    ζ-Stat
  • HY-112818
    S130
    		Inducer 99.43%
    S130 is a high affinity, selective inhibitor of ATG4B (a major cysteine protease) with an IC50 of 3.24 µM. S130 suppresses autophagy flux.
    S130
  • HY-110346
    AZD5582 dihydrochloride
    		Inducer 99.92%
    AZD5582 dihydrochloride is an antagonist of the inhibitor of apoptosis proteins (IAPs), which binds to the BIR3 domains cIAP1, cIAP2, and XIAP with IC50s of 15, 21, and 15 nM, respectively. AZD5582 induces apoptosis.
    AZD5582 dihydrochloride
  • HY-112897
    IITZ-01
    		Inducer 98.18%
    IITZ-01 is a potent lysosomotropic autophagy inhibitor with single-agent antitumor activity, with an IC50 of 2.62 μM for PI3Kγ.
    IITZ-01
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity