2. Signaling Pathways
  3. Apoptosis
  4. Apoptosis

Apoptosis

Apoptosis

Apoptosis

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Apoptosis is a distinctive form of cell death exhibiting specific morphological and biochemical characteristics, including cell membrane blebbing, chromatin condensation, genomic DNA fragmentation, and exposure of specific phagocytosis signaling molecules on the cell surface. Cells undergoing apoptosis differ from those dying through necrosis. Necrotic cells are usually recognized by the immune system as a danger signal and, thus, resulting in inflammation; in contrast, apoptotic death is quiet and orderly.

There are two major pathways of apoptotic cell death induction: The intrinsic pathway, also called the Bcl-2-regulated or mitochondrial pathway, is activated by various developmental cues or cytotoxic insults, such as viral infection, DNA damage and growth-factor deprivation, and is strictly controlled by the BCL-2 family of proteins. The extrinsic or death-receptor pathway is triggered by ligation of death receptors (members of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor family, such as Fas or TNF receptor-1 (TNFR1)) that contain an intracellular death domain, which can recruit and activate caspase-8 through the adaptor protein Fas-associated death domain (FADD; also known as MORT1) at the cell surface. This recruitment causes subsequent activation of downstream (effector) caspases, such as caspase-3, -6 or -7, without any involvement of the BCL-2 family.

Studies suggest that alterations in cell survival contribute to the pathogenesis of a number of human diseases, including cancer, viral infections, autoimmune diseases, neurodegenerative disorders, and AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome). Treatments designed to specifically alter the apoptotic threshold may have the potential to change the natural progression of some of these diseases.

Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-N0687
    Vindoline
    		Inhibitor 99.95%
    Vindoline is an orally active vinca alkaloid. Vindoline can be extracted from the leaves of Catharanthus roseus. Vindoline has a weak inhibitory effect on the self-assembly of tubulin. Vindoline alleviates Apoptosis, inhibits p-p65 and p-ERK. Vindoline improves diabetes, bone loss, osteoarthritis, and kidney damage.
    Vindoline
  • HY-W338584
    Hydroxycitric acid tripotassium
    		Inducer 98.0%
    Tripotassium hydroxycitrate is an orally active, multi-target, multi-bioactive organic acid. Tripotassium hydroxycitrate activates Nrf2 and its downstream molecule GPX4, increases glutathione levels, and thereby inhibits ferroptosis. Tripotassium hydroxycitrate activates the Nrf2/Keap1 and ACLY/NF-κB signaling pathways, upregulates the activities of antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase, reduces MDA content, thereby alleviating oxidative stress and renal tubular epithelial cell apoptosis, and improves pulmonary vascular and right ventricular remodeling. Tripotassium hydroxycitrate activates both the AMPK and mTORC1/S6K pathways, triggers the unfolded protein response, arrests the cancer cell cycle, and induces DNA fragmentation.
    Hydroxycitric acid tripotassium
  • HY-N3405
    Lariciresinol
    		Activator 99.46%
    Lariciresinol is an orally active ingredient. Lariciresinol can be isolated from Arabidopsis thaliana. Lariciresinol inhibits α-glucosidase activity (IC50 of 6.97 μM; Ki of 0.046 μM). Lariciresinol dereases Bcl-2, upregulates Bax and induces Apoptosis. Lariciresinol regulates TGF-β and NF-κB pathways. Lariciresinol has antitumor activity against liver cancer, gastric cancer, and breast cancer. Lariciresinol shows antifungal activity and anti-diabetic activity.
    Lariciresinol
  • HY-N0670
    Tenacissoside H
    		Inhibitor 99.89%
    Tenacissoside H (Tenacissimoside C) is a compound found in Caulis Marsdeniae Tenacissimae. Tenacissoside H shows anti-inflammation, anti-tumor and neuroprotective effects. Tenacissoside H inhibits PI3K/Akt and NF-κB signaling pathway. Tenacissoside H inhibits cancer cells proliferation, S phase arrest, and inhibits tumor growyh in mice. Tenacissoside H promotes neurological recovery of ischemia-reperfusion injury in mice by inhibiting inflammation and apoptosis. Tenacissoside H can be used for the research of cancer, inflammation and neurological diseases, such as esophageal cancer and cerebral ischemia.
    Tenacissoside H
  • HY-129143
    Delphinidin-3-sambubioside chloride
    		Inducer
    Delphinidin-3-sambubioside (Dp3‐Sam) chloride is an anthocyanin that has orally active anti-inflammatory activity. Delphinidin-3-sambubioside chloride inhibits LPS-induced inflammatory factors release. Delphinidin-3-sambubioside chloride also alleviates hepatic lipid accumulation in HFD rats. Delphinidin-3-sambubioside chloride can be isolated from Hibiscus sabdariffa L..
    Delphinidin-3-sambubioside chloride
  • HY-149974
    CDK8-IN-13
    		Inducer 99.14%
    CDK8-IN-13 is a potent, selective and orally active CDK8 inhibitor with an IC50 value of 51.9 nM. CDK8-IN-13 induces apoptosis. CDK8-IN-13 decreases the expression of p-STAT1 S727 and p-STAT5 S726. CDK8-IN-13 shows antitumor activity.
    CDK8-IN-13
  • HY-161615
    PROTAC ATR degrader-2
    		Inducer 99.73%
    PROTAC ATR degrader-2 is a selective ATR PROTAC degrader. PROTAC ATR degrader-2 degrades ATR in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells MV-4-11 and MOLM-13, with DC50 values of 22.9 nM and 34.5 nM, respectively. PROTAC ATR degrader-2 has an IC50 of 29.6 nM against ATR, and its IC50 values against ATM and PI3K are both greater than 2000 nM. PROTAC ATR degrader-2 induces apoptosis, DNA damage, and upregulates p53 expression. PROTAC ATR degrader-2 inhibits cancer cell proliferation through the kinase-independent function of ATR protein. PROTAC ATR degrader-2 is applicable to research related to acute myeloid leukemia.
    PROTAC ATR degrader-2
  • HY-103274
    PD180970
    		Inducer 99.27%
    PD180970 is a highly potent and ATP-competitive p210Bcr-Abl kinase inhibitor, with an IC50 of 5 nM for inhibiting the autophosphorylation of p210Bcr-Abl. PD180970 also inhibits Src and KIT kinase with IC50s of 0.8 nM and 50 nM, respectively. PD180970 indcues apoptosis of K562 leukemic cells, and can be used for chronic myelogenous leukemia research.
    PD180970
  • HY-N8187
    Eupalinolide O
    		Inducer 99.82%
    Eupalinolide O is a sesquiterpene lactone with anticancer activities. Eupalinolide O induces cell apoptosis in human MDA-MB-468 breast cancer cells.
    Eupalinolide O
  • HY-141011
    Thalidomide-O-amido-PEG4-azide
    		Inducer 99.19%
    Thalidomide-O-amido-PEG4-azide is a PEG-based PROTAC linker that can be used in the synthesis of PROTACs. Thalidomide-O-amido-PEG4-azide is a click chemistry reagent, it contains an Azide group and can undergo copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition reaction (CuAAc) with molecules containing Alkyne groups. It can also undergo strain-promoted alkyne-azide cycloaddition (SPAAC) reactions with molecules containing DBCO or BCN groups.
    Thalidomide-O-amido-PEG4-azide
  • HY-108556A
    RWJ-56110 dihydrochloride
    		Inducer 99.87%
    RWJ-56110 dihydrochloride is a potent, selective, peptide-mimetic inhibitor of PAR-1 activation and internalization (binding IC50=0.44 uM) and shows no effect on PAR-2, PAR-3, or PAR-4. RWJ-56110 dihydrochloride inhibits the aggregation of human platelets induced by both SFLLRN-NH2 (IC50=0.16 μM) and thrombin (IC50=0.34 μM), quite selective relative to U46619 (HY-108566). RWJ-56110 dihydrochloride blocks angiogenesis and blocks the formation of new vessels in vivo. RWJ-56110 dihydrochloride induces cell apoptosis.
    RWJ-56110 dihydrochloride
  • HY-146682
    KS100
    		Inducer 99.61%
    KS100 is a potent ALDH inhibitor with IC50s of 230, 1542, 193 nM for ALDH1A1, ALDH2, and ALDH3A1, respectively. KS100 shows antiproliferative and anticancer effects with low low toxic. KS100 significantly increases ROS activity, lipid peroxidation and toxic aldehyde accumulation. KS10600 induces apoptosis and cell cycle arrest at the G2/M phase.
    KS100
  • HY-N0864
    Macranthoidin B
    		Inducer 98.35%
    Macranthoidin B (Macranthoiside I) is an orally active triterpene saponin. Macranthoidin B inhibits epithelial-mesenchymal transition in endometriosis via the COX‑2/PGE2 pathway, and also induces tumor cell apoptosis and inhibits their proliferation by regulating metabolism and increasing ROS levels. Macranthoidin B can be used in studies related to endometriosis, colorectal cancer and hepatocellular carcinoma.
    Macranthoidin B
  • HY-168929
    SHP1 activator 1
    		Inducer 99.38%
    SHP1 activator 1 (Compound 3n) is an activator for src homology-2 domain-containing protein tyrosine phosphatase 1(SHP1) with an EC50 of 17.66 μM. SHP1 activator 1 inhibits the proliferation of ABC-DLBCL cells, induces apoptosis by inhibiting STAT3 signaling pathway. SHP1 activator 1 emitts blue and green fluorescence signalis in MDA-MB-231 cell, and can be used as a cell imaging agent.
    SHP1 activator 1
  • HY-P1613A
    Cyclo(Arg-Gly-Asp-D-Phe-Val) TFA
    		Inducer 99.40%
    Cyclo(Arg-Gly-Asp-D-Phe-Val) (TFA) (Cyclo(RGDfV) (TFA))is an integrin αvβ3 inhibitor. Cyclo(Arg-Gly-Asp-D-Phe-Val) (TFA) has antitumor activity. Cyclo(Arg-Gly-Asp-D-Phe-Val) (TFA) can be used for the research of acute myeloid leukemia.
    Cyclo(Arg-Gly-Asp-D-Phe-Val) TFA
  • HY-144765
    NF-κB-IN-4
    		Inducer 98.51%
    NF-κB-IN-4 (compound 17) is a potent NF-κB pathway inhibitor with blood brain barrier (BBB) permeability. NF-κB-IN-4 exhibits potential anti-neuroinflammatory activity with low toxicity. NF-κB-IN-4 can block the activation and phosphorylation of IκBα, reduce expression of NLRP3, and thus inhibit NF-κB activation. NF-κB-IN-4 can be used for neuroinflammation related diseases research.
    NF-κB-IN-4
  • HY-N6998
    Paederosidic acid
    		Inducer 99.92%
    Paederosidic acid is isolated from P.?scandens with anticancer and anti‐inflammation activities. Paederosidic acid inhibits lung caner cells via inducing mitochondria-mediated apoptosis.
    Paederosidic acid
  • HY-114118S
    Semaglutide-d8
    		99.88%
    Semaglutide-d8 is the deuterium labeled Semaglutide (HY-114118). Semaglutide is a long-acting, selective, competitive GLP-1R agonist that can penetrate the blood-brain barrier. After activating GLP-1R, Semaglutide promotes insulin secretion, inhibits gastric emptying and appetite, and at the same time enhances autophagy, inhibits oxidative stress and apoptosis. Semaglutide also regulates mitochondrial function and lipid metabolism (such as reducing de novo lipogenesis in the liver). Semaglutide has activities such as lowering blood sugar, reducing weight, neuroprotection (such as improving motor function in Parkinson's disease models, reducing α-synuclein aggregation) and improving hepatic steatosis. Semaglutide can be used for the study of neurodegenerative diseases and liver diseases such as type 2 diabetes, obesity, Parkinson's disease, metabolic associated fatty liver disease (MASLD), and cancer.
    Semaglutide-d<sub>8</sub>
  • HY-115625
    AG-205
    		Inducer 99%
    AG-205 is a progesterone receptor membrane component 1 (PGRMC1) antagonist and CGT inhibitor, with an IC50 of 50 μM against rat CGT. AG-205 exhibits antimitotic, antimigratory and anti-invasive activities. AG-205 increases the expression of genes encoding cholesterol biosynthesis pathway or steroidogenic enzymes. AG-205 promotes the regulation of cell cycle by apoptosis and reduces the migratory and invasive capacities of ovarian and breast cancer cells. AG-205 can be used in research related to renal cancer and breast cancer.
    AG-205
  • HY-15223
    MI-3
    		Inducer 99.58%
    MI-3 (Menin-MLL inhibitor 3) is a potent and high affinity menin-MLL inhibitor with an IC50 of 648 nM and a Kd of 201 nM.
    MI-3
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity