2. Signaling Pathways
  3. Apoptosis
  4. Apoptosis

Apoptosis

Apoptosis

Apoptosis

Related Products

PDF 16.38 MB

Apoptosis is a distinctive form of cell death exhibiting specific morphological and biochemical characteristics, including cell membrane blebbing, chromatin condensation, genomic DNA fragmentation, and exposure of specific phagocytosis signaling molecules on the cell surface. Cells undergoing apoptosis differ from those dying through necrosis. Necrotic cells are usually recognized by the immune system as a danger signal and, thus, resulting in inflammation; in contrast, apoptotic death is quiet and orderly.

There are two major pathways of apoptotic cell death induction: The intrinsic pathway, also called the Bcl-2-regulated or mitochondrial pathway, is activated by various developmental cues or cytotoxic insults, such as viral infection, DNA damage and growth-factor deprivation, and is strictly controlled by the BCL-2 family of proteins. The extrinsic or death-receptor pathway is triggered by ligation of death receptors (members of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor family, such as Fas or TNF receptor-1 (TNFR1)) that contain an intracellular death domain, which can recruit and activate caspase-8 through the adaptor protein Fas-associated death domain (FADD; also known as MORT1) at the cell surface. This recruitment causes subsequent activation of downstream (effector) caspases, such as caspase-3, -6 or -7, without any involvement of the BCL-2 family.

Studies suggest that alterations in cell survival contribute to the pathogenesis of a number of human diseases, including cancer, viral infections, autoimmune diseases, neurodegenerative disorders, and AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome). Treatments designed to specifically alter the apoptotic threshold may have the potential to change the natural progression of some of these diseases.

Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-109098
    Parimifasor
    		Inducer 98.53%
    Parimifasor (LYC-30937) is an orally active agent for inflammatory bowel disease. Parimifasor targets F1F0-ATPase. Parimifasor acts on respiratory complex V, slows ATP production and induces Apoptosis. Parimifasor can be used in the research of inflammatory bowel disease.
    Parimifasor
  • HY-14521A
    Lometrexol disodium
    		Inducer 98.19%
    Lometrexol (DDATHF) disodium, an antipurine antifolate, can inhibit the activity of glycinamide ribonucleotide formyltransferase (GARFT) but do not induce detectable levels of DNA strand breaks. Lometrexol disodium can further inhibit de novo purine synthesis, causing abnormal cell proliferation and apoptosis, even cell cycle arrest. Lometrexol disodium has anticancer activity. Lometrexol disodium also is a potent human Serine hydroxymethyltransferase1/2 (hSHMT1/2) inhibitor.
    Lometrexol disodium
  • HY-P990189
    Anti-Monkey/Human MHC class II (HLA-DR) Antibody (L243)
    		Inducer
    Anti-Monkey/Human MHC class II (HLA-DR) Antibody (L243) is a mouse-derived IgG2a κ type antibody inhibitor, targeting to monkey/human MHC class II. Anti-Monkey/Human MHC class II (HLA-DR) Antibody (L243) can inhibits tumor cells proliferation and induce apoptosis. Anti-Monkey/Human MHC class II (HLA-DR) Antibody (L243) increases cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and loss of mitochondrial membrane potential in human endothelial cells. Anti-Monkey/Human MHC class II (HLA-DR) Antibody (L243) can be used for the researches of cancer and infection, such as lymphoma.
    Anti-Monkey/Human MHC class II (HLA-DR) Antibody (L243)
  • HY-120337
    V-11-0711
    		Inducer 98.54%
    V-11-0711 is a potent and selective Chk-α (IC50 = 20 nM) inhibitor. V-11-0711 can significantly reduce PCho levels. V-11-0711 causes a reversible growth arrest. V-11-0711 induces apoptosis at high concentrations. V-11-0711 can be used for the study of cervical cancer and triple-negative breast cancer.
    V-11-0711
  • HY-13691
    MKC-1
    		Inducer 99.78%
    MKC-1 (Ro-31-7453) is an orally active and potent cell cycle inhibitor with broad antitumor activity. MKC-1 inhibits the Akt/mTOR pathway. MKC-1 arrests cellular mitosis and induces cell apoptosis by binding to a number of different cellular proteins including tubulin and members of the importin β family.
    MKC-1
  • HY-124858
    SC99
    		Inducer 98.90%
    SC99 is an orally active, selective STAT3 inhibitor targeting JAK2-STAT3 pathway. SC99 docks into the ATP-binding pocket of JAK2. SC99 inhibits phosphorylation of JAK2 and STAT3 with no effects on the other kinases associated with STAT3 signaling. SC99 inhibits platelet activation, aggregation and displays potent anti-myeloma, anti-thrombotic activities.
    SC99
  • HY-176428
    PROTAC MNK1 degrader-1
    		Inducer 98.93%
    PROTAC MNK1 degrader-1 is a selective MNK1 PROTAC degrader with a DC50 of 11.92 nM, and a Dmax > 96% in MV4-11 cells. PROTAC MNK1 degrader-1 significantly reduces p-eIF4E (IC50: 22.07 nM), induces apoptosis, and arrests the cell cycle at the G1 phase. PROTAC MNK1 degrader-1 has potent antitumor activity. PROTAC MNK1 degrader-1 has robust antileukemic efficacy in MV4-11 xenograft mice model with acceptable drug safety. Pink: MNK1 ligand (HY-176429); Blue: CRBN ligase ligand (HY-A0003); Black: linker (HY-Y1139); CRBN + linker: HY-176430
    PROTAC MNK1 degrader-1
  • HY-162709
    KHKI-01215
    		Inducer 98.78%
    KHKI-01215 is an inhibitor for NUAK2 with an IC50 of 0.052 μM. KHKI-01215 inhibits the proliferation of cancer cell SW480 with an IC50 of 3.16 μM, induces apoptosis in SW480. KHKI-01215 inhibits the YAP signaling pathway.
    KHKI-01215
  • HY-N1455
    Falcarinol
    		Inducer 99.83%
    Falcarinol (Panaxynol) is a natural, orally active Hsp90 inhibitor targeting both the N-terminal and C-terminal of Hsp90 with limited toxicities. Falcarinol (Panaxynol) induces apoptosis. Falcarinol is a click chemistry reagent, it contains an Alkyne group and can undergo copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAc) with molecules containing Azide groups.
    Falcarinol
  • HY-120213
    YH-306
    		Inducer 98.34%
    YH-306 is an antitumor agent. YH-306 suppresses colorectal tumour growth and metastasis via FAK pathway. YH-306 significantly inhibits the migration and invasion of colorectal cancer cells. YH-306 potently suppresses uninhibited proliferation and induces cell apoptosis. YH-306 suppresses the activation of FAK, c-Src, paxillin, and PI3K, Rac1 and the expression of MMP2 and MMP9. YH-306 also inhibita actin-related protein (Arp2/3) complex-mediated actin polymerization.
    YH-306
  • HY-N0921
    Dihydromethysticin
    		Inducer 99.71%
    Dihydromethysticin is an orally active natural active ingredient. Dihydromethysticin can be extracted from Piper methysticum. Dihydromethysticin inhibits carboxylesterase 1 (Ki = 68.2 μM) and CYP2A5. Dihydromethysticin upregulates NLRC3 and induces Apoptosis. Dihydromethysticin exhibits anticancer activity against colorectal cancer and lung adenoma.
    Dihydromethysticin
  • HY-B0302AS
    Etidronic acid-d3 disodium
    		98.80%
    Etidronic acid-d3 (disodium) is the deuterium labeled Etidronic acid disodium.
    Etidronic acid-d<sub>3</sub> disodium
  • HY-15676A
    Idasanutlin (enantiomer)
    		Control 99.18%
    Idasanutlin enantiomer is the isomer of Idasanutlin (HY-15676), and can be used as an experimental control. Idasanutlin (RG7388) is a potent and selective MDM2 antagonist, inhibiting p53-MDM2 binding, with an IC50 of 6 nM.
    Idasanutlin (enantiomer)
  • HY-N7591
    Millepachine
    		Activator 98.81%
    Millepachine is a bioactive natural chalcone from Chinese herbal medicine Millettia pachycarpa Benth, exhibits strong antitumor effects against numerous human cancer cells both in vitro and in vivo.
    Millepachine
  • HY-142125
    Broussochalcone A
    		Inducer 98.58%
    Broussochalcone A is an antioxidant and an inhibitor of Xanthine Oxidase (IC50=2.21 μM), with free radical scavenging activity. Broussochalcone A inhibits iron-induced lipid peroxidation and nitric oxide synthesis in lipopolysaccharide (LPS) -activated macrophages. Broussochalcone A also induces Apoptosis of human renal carcinoma cells by increasing ROS levels and activating FOXO3 signaling pathways.
    Broussochalcone A
  • HY-130576
    POVPC
    		Inducer 99.9%
    POVPC is an oxidized phospholipid can be found in in oxidatively modified low density lipoprotein (oxLDL). POVPC inhibits VSMC growth in high serum condition. POVPC induces apoptosis in low serum condition.
    POVPC
  • HY-162749A
    G9D-4 TFA
    		Inducer 99.44%
    G9D-4 TFA is a G9a PROTAC degrader. G9D-4 TFA induces G9a degradation, reduces H3K9me2 levels, and prevents GLP interference via the CRBN ternary complex, proteasome and ubiquitin-like modification-dependent pathways. G9D-4 TFA exerts antiproliferative activity and induces Apoptosis in pancreatic cancer cells. G9D-4 TFA can be used for research on pancreatic cancer.
    G9D-4 TFA
  • HY-163199
    ASCT2-IN-2
    		Inducer 99.10%
    ASCT2-IN-2 (compound 25e) is an ASCT2 inhibitor with IC50 of 5.14 μM. ASCT2-IN-2 regulates amino acid metabolism as well as mTOR signaling and thereby induces cell apoptosis. ASCT2-IN-2 inhibits tumor growth.
    ASCT2-IN-2
  • HY-160777
    VNPP433-3β
    		Inducer 98.01%
    VNPP433-3β (Galeterone 3β-imidazole) is an orally active molecular glue degrader, which degrades androgen receptor (AR) and its splice variants (AR-Vs) and MAP kinase-interacting serine/threonine protein kinase Mnk1/2. VNPP433-3β induces cell apoptosis. VNPP433-3β inhibits tumor growth in the CWR22Rv1 xenograft mouse model. VNPP433-3β can be used for the study of castration resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC).
    VNPP433-3β
  • HY-112062
    POL1-IN-1
    		Inducer 98.05%
    POL1-IN-1 is a class of RNA polymerase I inhibitors with broad-spectrum antiproliferative activity against tumor cells, while selectively inhibiting RNA polymerase I transcription. By blocking RNA polymerase I-mediated rRNA synthesis, POL1-IN-1 impairs ribosome biogenesis, thereby inhibiting tumor cell proliferation and inducing apoptosis. POL1-IN-1 can be used for the research of malignant tumors.
    POL1-IN-1
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity