2. Signaling Pathways
  3. Apoptosis
  4. Apoptosis

Apoptosis

Apoptosis

Apoptosis

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Apoptosis is a distinctive form of cell death exhibiting specific morphological and biochemical characteristics, including cell membrane blebbing, chromatin condensation, genomic DNA fragmentation, and exposure of specific phagocytosis signaling molecules on the cell surface. Cells undergoing apoptosis differ from those dying through necrosis. Necrotic cells are usually recognized by the immune system as a danger signal and, thus, resulting in inflammation; in contrast, apoptotic death is quiet and orderly.

There are two major pathways of apoptotic cell death induction: The intrinsic pathway, also called the Bcl-2-regulated or mitochondrial pathway, is activated by various developmental cues or cytotoxic insults, such as viral infection, DNA damage and growth-factor deprivation, and is strictly controlled by the BCL-2 family of proteins. The extrinsic or death-receptor pathway is triggered by ligation of death receptors (members of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor family, such as Fas or TNF receptor-1 (TNFR1)) that contain an intracellular death domain, which can recruit and activate caspase-8 through the adaptor protein Fas-associated death domain (FADD; also known as MORT1) at the cell surface. This recruitment causes subsequent activation of downstream (effector) caspases, such as caspase-3, -6 or -7, without any involvement of the BCL-2 family.

Studies suggest that alterations in cell survival contribute to the pathogenesis of a number of human diseases, including cancer, viral infections, autoimmune diseases, neurodegenerative disorders, and AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome). Treatments designed to specifically alter the apoptotic threshold may have the potential to change the natural progression of some of these diseases.

Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-136268
    AQX-435
    		Activator 99.15%
    AQX-435 is a potent SHIP1 phosphatase activator. AQX-435 reduces PI3K activation downstream of the B-cell receptor (BCR) and induces apoptosis of malignant B cells, and reduces lymphoma growth.
    AQX-435
  • HY-134982
    Thalidomide-piperazine-Boc
    		Inducer 98.82%
    Thalidomide-piperazine-Boc is an intermediate that can be used in the synthesis of B-cell lymphoma 6 protein (BCL6) PROTAC.
    Thalidomide-piperazine-Boc
  • HY-137432B
    Avotaciclib hydrochloride
    		Inducer 99.75%
    Avotaciclib (BEY1107) hydrochloride is an orally active cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (CDK1) inhibitor. Avotaciclib hydrochloride can inhibit the proliferation and induce apoptosis of tumor cells. Avotaciclib hydrochloride can be used in the research of cancer such as pancreatic cancer and lung cancer.
    Avotaciclib hydrochloride
  • HY-15324
    PRT062607 acetate
    		Inducer 99.83%
    PRT062607 (P505-15) acetate is an orally available Syk inhibitor (IC50: 1 nM) that inhibits inflammation and induction Apoptosis. PRT062607 acetate exerts potent antitumor activity in tumor xenograft mouse models..
    PRT062607 acetate
  • HY-159613
    PELP1-IN-1
    		Inducer 99.28%
    PELP1-IN-1 is a PELP1 inhibitor and an apoptosis inducer with no cytotoxic activity against non-cancer cell lines. PELP1-IN-1 targets wild-type, mutant and drug-resistant ER+ breast cancer, and promotes PELP1 degradation through the proteasome pathway. As an analog of SMIP34 (HY-169903), PELP1-IN-1 is applicable to the research of estrogen receptor α-positive breast cancer.
    PELP1-IN-1
  • HY-132307
    Mcl-1 inhibitor 6
    		Inducer 98.77%
    Mcl-1 inhibitor 6 is an orally active, selective myeloid cell leukemia 1 (Mcl-1) protein inhibitor with a Kd of 0.23 nM and a Ki of 0.02 μM. Mcl-1 inhibitor 6 possesses superior selectivity over other Bcl-2 family members (Bcl-2, Bcl2A1, Bcl-xL, and Bcl-w, Kd>10 μM). Mcl-1 inhibitor 6 is a potent antitumor agent.
    Mcl-1 inhibitor 6
  • HY-148953
    MTR-106
    		Inducer 98.21%
    MTR-106 is a potent and orally active G-quadruplex stabilizer and RNA polymerase I inhibitor. MTR-106 induces apoptosis and inhibits cell growth. MTR-106 can be used in research of cancer.
    MTR-106
  • HY-18085G
    Quercetin (GMP)
    		Inducer
    Quercetin GMP is Quercetin (HY-18085) produced by using GMP guidelines. GMP small molecules works appropriately as an auxiliary reagent for cell therapy manufacture. Quercetin is a flavonoid antioxidant, a PI3K inhibitor and a SIRT1 Activator.
    Quercetin (GMP)
  • HY-N0680R
    Thiamine hydrochloride (Standard)
    		Inducer
    Thiamine (hydrochloride) (Standard) is the analytical standard of Thiamine (hydrochloride). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Thiamine hydrochloride (Thiamine chloride hydrochloride) is an essential micronutrient needed as a cofactor for many central metabolic enzymes.
    Thiamine hydrochloride (Standard)
  • HY-115735
    SKI-I
    		Inducer 99.73%
    SKI-I is a potent and selective inhibitor of human sphingosine kinase (SK), with an IC50 of 1.2 μM for ST-hSK. SKI-I also inhibits hERK2 (IC50=11 μM). SKI-I induces apoptosis in tumor cell lines.
    SKI-I
  • HY-N7496
    Odoroside A
    		Inducer 99.73%
    Odoroside A is an active ingredient extracted from the leaves of Nerium oleander Linn. Odoroside A has anti-cancer activity. Odoroside A could induce apoptosis and cell cycle arrest through ROS/p53 signaling pathway, leading to the tumor cell death.
    Odoroside A
  • HY-N3029
    Noreugenin
    		Inhibitor 99.42%
    Noreugenin is a phenolic compound found in Calea uniflora Less. Noreugenin inhibits myeloperoxidase activity and reduces levels of proinflammatory cytokines IL-1β and IL-17A levels in LPS (HY-D1056)-induced murine pleurisy model. Noreugenin reduces apoptosis and necrosis. Noreugenin reduces lipid peroxidation, and antioxidant enzyme (CAT, SOD, GST) activity. Noreugenin exhibits anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. Noreugenin can be used for the research of inflammatory conditions, such as pleurisy.
    Noreugenin
  • HY-178317
    OUL312
    		Inducer 99.20%
    OUL312 is a potent PARP10 inhibitor (IC50 = 20 nM), showing more than 75-fold greater selectivity for PARP15 (IC50 = 1500 nM). OUL312 is also at least 18-fold higher than all other human enzymes in the family. OUL312 has a good ADME profile, is able to enter cells, is not toxic, and effectively rescues human cells from PARP10-induced apoptosis at sub-micromolar concentrations. OUL312 can be used for the study of cervical cancer.
    OUL312
  • HY-N7933S
    Tetracosane-d50
    		99.0%
    Tetracosane-d50 is the deuterium labeled Tetracosane.
    Tetracosane-d<sub>50</sub>
  • HY-173350
    Ran-IN-1
    		Inducer 99.89%
    Ran-IN-1 is a specific inhibitor of Ran GTPase. Ran-IN-1 selectively induces cytotoxicity and apoptosis in aneuploid ovarian cancer cells and also inhibits DNA repair. Ran-IN-1 exhibits antitumor activity and is useful for research on tumors such as epithelial ovarian cancer.
    Ran-IN-1
  • HY-W105318
    Pentabromophenol
    		Inducer 99.94%
    Pentabromophenol (PBP) is a brominated flame retardant (BFR) widely used in various consumer products to reduce the flammability of materials used in different utility items. Pentabromophenol can accelerate the degradation of transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) receptors by promoting clathrin-mediated endocytosis, thereby inhibiting the TGF-β signaling pathway. Additionally, Pentabromophenol can also induce apoptosis in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs).
    Pentabromophenol
  • HY-B0402S
    Amantadine-d15
    		Inducer 98.13%
    Amantadine-d15 is the deuterium labeled Amantadine. Amantadine (1-Adamantanamine) is an antiviral agent with activity against influenza A viruses. Amantadine blocks the proton flow through the M2 ion channel (M2 proton channel of influenza A) and thus prevents the release of viral RNA into the cytoplasm of the infected cells. Amantadine is an antiparkinsonian agent.
    Amantadine-d<sub>15</sub>
  • HY-N0414R
    Trigonelline (Standard)
    		Inducer
    Trigonelline (Standard) is the analytical standard of Trigonelline. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Trigonelline is an alkaloid with potential antidiabetic activity that can be isolated from Trigonella foenum-graecum L or Leonurus artemisia. Trigonelline is a potent Nrf2 inhibitor that blocks Nrf2-dependent proteasome activity, thereby enhancing apoptosis in pancreatic cancer cells. Trigonelline also has anti-HSV-1, antibacterial, and antifungal activity and induces ferroptosis.
    Trigonelline (Standard)
  • HY-130368
    W-7
    		Inducer 99.35%
    W-7 is a selective calmodulin antagonist. W-7 inhibits the Ca2+-calmodulin-dependent phosphodiesterase and myosin light chain kinase with IC50 values of 28 μM and 51 μM, respectively. W-7 induces apoptosis and has antitumor and vascular relaxing activity. W-7 is a blocker of Kv4.3 and can be used for research of arrhythmias.
    W-7
  • HY-90006S2
    5-Fluorouracil-15N2
    		Inducer 99.53%
    5-Fluorouracil-15N2 is the 15N-labeled 5-Fluorouracil. 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) is an analogue of uracil and a potent antitumor agent. 5-Fluorouracil affects pyrimidine synthesis by inhibiting thymidylate synthetase thus depleting intracellular dTTP pools. 5-Fluorouracil induces apoptosis and can be used as a chemical sensitizer. 5-Fluorouracil also inhibits HIV.
    5-Fluorouracil-<sup>15</sup>N<sub>2</sub>
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity