1. Signaling Pathways
  2. Apoptosis
  3. Apoptosis

Apoptosis

Apoptosis

Apoptosis is a distinctive form of cell death exhibiting specific morphological and biochemical characteristics, including cell membrane blebbing, chromatin condensation, genomic DNA fragmentation, and exposure of specific phagocytosis signaling molecules on the cell surface. Cells undergoing apoptosis differ from those dying through necrosis. Necrotic cells are usually recognized by the immune system as a danger signal and, thus, resulting in inflammation; in contrast, apoptotic death is quiet and orderly.

There are two major pathways of apoptotic cell death induction: The intrinsic pathway, also called the Bcl-2-regulated or mitochondrial pathway, is activated by various developmental cues or cytotoxic insults, such as viral infection, DNA damage and growth-factor deprivation, and is strictly controlled by the BCL-2 family of proteins. The extrinsic or death-receptor pathway is triggered by ligation of death receptors (members of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor family, such as Fas or TNF receptor-1 (TNFR1)) that contain an intracellular death domain, which can recruit and activate caspase-8 through the adaptor protein Fas-associated death domain (FADD; also known as MORT1) at the cell surface. This recruitment causes subsequent activation of downstream (effector) caspases, such as caspase-3, -6 or -7, without any involvement of the BCL-2 family.

Studies suggest that alterations in cell survival contribute to the pathogenesis of a number of human diseases, including cancer, viral infections, autoimmune diseases, neurodegenerative disorders, and AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome). Treatments designed to specifically alter the apoptotic threshold may have the potential to change the natural progression of some of these diseases.

Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-113471
    Perillic acid
    Inducer 99.94%
    Perillic acid is the metabolite of Perillyl alcohol (HY-N7000). Perillic acid induces lung cancer cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Perillic acid shows anti-HSV-1 and immunomodulatory activities.
    Perillic acid
  • HY-145483A
    KT-474 hydrochloride
    Inducer ≥98.0%
    KT-474 (KYM-001; PROTAC IRAK4 degrader-7) hydrochloride is an orally active PROTAC IRAK4 degrader with anti-tumor effects. KT-474 inhibits the cell cycle and induces apoptosis. KT-474 induces tumor regression in a xenograft model of MYD88-mutated ABC DLBCL. KT-474 is a click chemistry reagent, containing an alkyne group, which can undergo copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAc) with molecules containing azide groups.
    KT-474 hydrochloride
  • HY-B0172AS
    Isoallolithocholic acid-d2
    99.28%
    Isoallolithocholic acid-d2 is the deuterium labeled Isoallolithocholic acid (HY-B0172A). Isoallolithocholic acid is a T cell regulator and enhances regulatory T cells (Tregs) differentiation.
    Isoallolithocholic acid-d<sub>2</sub>
  • HY-161268
    NAE-IN-1
    Inducer 99.75%
    NAE-IN-1 (compound X-10) is a potent NAE1 inhibitor. NAE-IN-1 induces apoptosis and cell cycle arrest at the G2/M phase. NAE-IN-1 increases ROS levels and prevents cell migration. NAE-IN-1 shows anti-proliferation activity.
    NAE-IN-1
  • HY-P11115
    CIGB-552
    Inducer 98.66%
    CIGB-552 is a cell-penetrating peptide with anti-tumor properties with the IC50 of 23 μM in H460 cells. CIGB-552 can increase the level of protein COMMD1. CIGB-552 significantly inhibits the NF-κB signaling pathway. CIGB-552 can promote apoptosis of the tumor cells. CIGB-552 can induce the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in tumor cells. CIGB-552 has anti-inflammatory and anti-angiogenic effects. CIGB-552 can be used for the research of the lung cancer and colon cancer.
    CIGB-552
  • HY-P11178
    Corisin
    Inducer 99.45%
    Corisin is a pro-apoptotic small peptide produced by Staphylococcus species. Corisin binds to serum albumin to target organs such as the lungs and kidneys, induces cellular senescence, apoptosis and epithelial-mesenchymal transition, and accelerates the progression of organ fibrosis including pulmonary fibrosis and diabetic renal fibrosis. Corisin levels are closely associated with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), diabetic chronic kidney disease (CKD), non-diabetic CKD, and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF).
    Corisin
  • HY-N2855
    Alphitolic acid
    Inducer
    Alphitolic acid (Aophitolic acid) is an anti-inflammatory triterpene could found in quercus aliena. Alphitolic acid blocks Akt–NF-κB signaling to induce apoptosis. Alphitolic acid induces autophagy. Alphitolic acid has anti-inflammatory activity and down-regulates the NO and TNF-α production. Alphitolic acid can be used for cancer and inflammation research.
    Alphitolic acid
  • HY-W013507R
    (rac)-Methyl jasmonate (Standard)
    Inducer
    (rac)-Methyl jasmonate (Standard) is the analytical standard of Methyl jasmonate. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. (rac)-Methyl jasmonate is the racemate of Methyl jasmonate (HY-135663). Methyl jasmonate is a phytohormone that regulates the defense response of plants under biotic and biotic stress through jasmonate signaling pathway. Methyl jasmonate inhibits the activation of NF-κB signaling pathway. Methyl jasmonate can promote the mitochondrial ROS production, but also scavenges free radicals and reduces the oxidative stress. Methyl jasmonate exhibits anti-inflammatory, antitumor, anticonvulsant, antinociceptive and sedative activities.
    (rac)-Methyl jasmonate (Standard)
  • HY-13690S1
    Mitotane-13C6
    98.62%
    Mitotane-13C6 is the 13C labeled Mitotane. Mitotane (2,4′-DDD), an isomer of DDD and derivative of dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT), is an antineoplastic agent, can be used to research adrenocortical carcinoma. Mitotane exert its adrenocorticolytic effect at least in part through lipotoxicity induced by intracellular free cholesterol (FC) accumulation. Mitotane can have direct pituitary effects on corticotroph cells. Mitotane can induce CYP3A4 gene expression via steroid and xenobiotic receptor (SXR) activation, and has agent-agent interactions.
    Mitotane-<sup>13</sup>C<sub>6</sub>
  • HY-161696
    AN5777
    Inducer 98.37%
    AN5777 is a GSPT1 degrader. AN5777 significantly reduces GSPT1 through the ubiquitin-proteasome system. AN5777 induces G1 block and Apoptosis. AN5777 has antitumor activity .
    AN5777
  • HY-153661
    Cereblon inhibitor 2
    Inducer 98.09%
    Cereblon inhibitor 2 (compound 8) is a Cereblon inhibitor useful in solid tumor research, especially breast cancer.
    Cereblon inhibitor 2
  • HY-N8034
    Glychionide A
    Inducer
    Glychionide A is a flavonoside that can be found in the roots of Glychirriza glabra. Glychionide A promotes apoptosis and autophagy of PANC-1 pancreatic cancer cells. Glychionide A can be used for the research of cancer.
    Glychionide A
  • HY-124072
    HL001
    Inducer 98.90%
    HL001 is an orally active small molecule inhibitor of Cyclophilin A (CypA) and a receptor antagonist of Lysophosphatidic acid 1 (LPA1). HL001 induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis of tumor cells by p53. HL001 stabilizes p53 by down-regulating G3BP1, inducing reactive oxygen species and DNA damage. HL001 disrupts the interaction between MDM2 and p53-72R in a CypA dependent manner. HL001 has antitumor activity. HL001 can also be used to study pulmonary fibrosis.
    HL001
  • HY-W099479R
    Insect repellent M 3535 (Standard)
    Activator
    Insect repellent M 3535 (Ethyl butylacetylaminopropionate) Standard is the analytical standard of Insect repellent M 3535 (HY-W099479). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Insect repellent M 3535 (Ethyl butylacetylaminopropionate) is a broad-spectrum, mild insect repellent based on the structure of β-alanine. Insect repellent M 3535 exerts repellent effects by interfering with the olfaction of mosquitoes, but it poses risks of developmental and cardiac toxicity to aquatic organisms such as zebrafish embryos in aquatic environments, and can activate oxidative stress responses.
    Insect repellent M 3535 (Standard)
  • HY-W011434
    Triglycidyl isocyanurate
    Inducer 99.56%
    Triglycidyl isocyanurate (TGIC; Teroxirone) is a triazene triepoxide with antiangiogenic and antineoplastic activities. Triglycidyl isocyanurate inhibits the growth of non-small-cell-lung cancer cells via?p53 activation. Triglycidyl isocyanurate induces cell apoptosis. Triglycidyl isocyanurate can be used for cancer research.
    Triglycidyl isocyanurate
  • HY-N12233
    Condurango glycoside A
    Inducer
    Condurango glycoside A is an activator of p53. Condurango glycoside A initiates ROS generation and up-regulates p53 expression. Condurango glycoside A induces apoptosis and pre-mature senescence associated with DNA damage in HeLa cells.
    Condurango glycoside A
  • HY-19827
    Aeroplysinin 1
    Inducer
    Aeroplysinin 1 ((+)-Aeroplysinin-1), a secondary metabolite isolated from marine sponges, shows potent antibiotic effects on Gram-positive bacteria and exerts antiviral activity against HIV-1 (IC50=14.6 μM). Aeroplysinin 1 has anti-inflammatory, anti-angiogenic and anti-tumor activities. Aeroplysinin 1 induces apoptosis in endothelial cells.
    Aeroplysinin 1
  • HY-N3797A
    Echitamine chloride
    Inducer 98.0%
    Echitamine (Ditaine) chloride is the major monoterpene indole alkaloid present in Alstonia scholaris with potent anti-tumour activity. Echitamine chloride induces DNA fragmentation and cells apoptosis. Echitamine chloride inhibits pancreatic lipase with an IC50 of 10.92 μM.
    Echitamine chloride
  • HY-100707
    IC 86621
    Inhibitor 99.06%
    IC 86621 is a potent DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PK) inhibitor, with an IC50 of 120 nM. IC 86621 also acts as a selective and reversible ATP-competitive inhibitor.IC 86621 inhibits DNA-PK mediated cellular DNA double-strand break (DSB) repair (EC50=68 µM). IC 86621 increases DSB-induced antitumor activity without cytotoxic effects. IC 86621 can protects rheumatoid arthritis (RA) T cells from apoptosis.
    IC 86621
  • HY-15036S1
    Diclofenac-13C6
    Inducer 99.90%
    Diclofenac-13C6 is the 13C6 labeled Diclofenac. Diclofenac is a potent and nonselective anti-inflammatory agent, acts as a COX inhibitor, with IC50s of 4 and 1.3 nM for human COX-1 and COX-2 in CHO cells, and 5.1 and 0.84 μM for ovine COX-1 and COX-2, respectively. Diclofenac induces apoptosis of neural stem cells (NSCs) via the activation of the caspase cascade.
    Diclofenac-<sup>13</sup>C<sub>6</sub>
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity