2. Signaling Pathways
  3. Apoptosis
  4. Apoptosis

Apoptosis

Apoptosis

Apoptosis

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Apoptosis is a distinctive form of cell death exhibiting specific morphological and biochemical characteristics, including cell membrane blebbing, chromatin condensation, genomic DNA fragmentation, and exposure of specific phagocytosis signaling molecules on the cell surface. Cells undergoing apoptosis differ from those dying through necrosis. Necrotic cells are usually recognized by the immune system as a danger signal and, thus, resulting in inflammation; in contrast, apoptotic death is quiet and orderly.

There are two major pathways of apoptotic cell death induction: The intrinsic pathway, also called the Bcl-2-regulated or mitochondrial pathway, is activated by various developmental cues or cytotoxic insults, such as viral infection, DNA damage and growth-factor deprivation, and is strictly controlled by the BCL-2 family of proteins. The extrinsic or death-receptor pathway is triggered by ligation of death receptors (members of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor family, such as Fas or TNF receptor-1 (TNFR1)) that contain an intracellular death domain, which can recruit and activate caspase-8 through the adaptor protein Fas-associated death domain (FADD; also known as MORT1) at the cell surface. This recruitment causes subsequent activation of downstream (effector) caspases, such as caspase-3, -6 or -7, without any involvement of the BCL-2 family.

Studies suggest that alterations in cell survival contribute to the pathogenesis of a number of human diseases, including cancer, viral infections, autoimmune diseases, neurodegenerative disorders, and AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome). Treatments designed to specifically alter the apoptotic threshold may have the potential to change the natural progression of some of these diseases.

Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-174453
    PROTAC ERα Degrader-12
    		Inducer
    PROTAC ERα Degrader-12 is a potent and selective Erα PROTAC degrader. PROTAC ERα Degrader-12 has antiproliferative effects in multiple breast cancer cell lines with wild-type or mutant ERα. PROTAC ERα Degrader-12 can halt the cell cycle and induce cell apoptosis. PROTAC ERα Degrader-12 exhibits excellent antitumor and ERα degradation activity. PROTAC ERα Degrader-12 can be used for research on breast cancer. (Pink: ER ligand-11 (HY-174475); Blue: VHL ligand (HY-112078); Black: Linker (HY-W088749); VHL ligand + Linker ( HY-W998310)).
    PROTAC ERα Degrader-12
  • HY-B0214S2
    Prednisone-d4
    		Inducer
    Prednisone-d4 is deuterated labeled Prednisone (HY-B0214). Prednisone (Adasone) is a corticosteroid agent with anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive effects that can be used to study diseases related to systemic lupus erythematosus.
    Prednisone-d<sub>4</sub>
  • HY-168720
    Apoptosis inducer 32
    		Inducer
    Apoptosis inducer 32 (Compound 7g) is an apoptosis inducer with a KD of 42 μM, showing anti-tumor activity. Apoptosis inducer 32 caused significant cellular morphological changes in MDA-MB-231 cells, including membrane bubbling, nuclear fragmentation, and apoptotic body formation. The IC50 of Apoptosis inducer 32 in MCF-7, MDA-MB-231, and HEK cells is 4.77, 6.56 and 337.8 μM respectively.
    Apoptosis inducer 32
  • HY-161868
    DLC-50
    		Inducer
    DLC-50 is a dual inhibitor for PARP-1 and HDAC-1 with IC50 of 1.2 nM and 31 nM. DLC-50 inhibits the proliferation of cancer cells MDA-MB-436, MDA-MB-231, and MCF-7 with IC50 of 0.3, 2.7 and 2.41 μM. DLC-50 induces apoptosis in MDA-MB-231, arrests the cell cycle at G2 phase.
    DLC-50
  • HY-175321
    PROTAC c-Met degrader-6
    		Inducer
    PROTAC c-Met degrader-6 is a potent and orally active c-Met PROTACdegrader. PROTAC c-Met degrader-6 significantly induces the degradation of the c-Met protein with DC50s of 0.52 nM and 0.45 nM in EBC-1 and Hs746T. PROTAC c-Met degrader-6 almost abrogates the migratory and invasion abilities of tumor cells and significantly induces the apoptosis and blocks the cell cycle in the G0/G1 phase. PROTAC c-Met degrader-6 can be used for the study of various cancers such as non-small cell lung cancer and stomach cancer (Pink: c-Met ligand (HY-W425461); Blue: E3 ligand (HY-14658); Black: Linker (HY-20797)).
    PROTAC c-Met degrader-6
  • HY-119866
    β-Alethine
    		Inducer
    β-Alethine is a disulfide that can be used as an anti-tumor agent and immune adjuvant.
    β-Alethine
  • HY-162619
    CDK9-IN-33
    		Inducer
    CDK9-IN-33 (compound C35) is a potent, selective and orally active CDK9 inhibitor with IC50 values of 17.44, 160, 316.30, 1771.00, >10000 nM for CDK9, CDK7, CDK2, CDK4, CDK6 respectively. CDK9-IN-33 induces apoptosis. CDK9-IN-33 decreases the protein expression of RPB1 CTD Ser2, RPB1, MCL1. CDK9-IN-33 shows anti-tumor activity.
    CDK9-IN-33
  • HY-W013573R
    S-Allyl-L-cysteine (Standard)
    		Inducer
    S-Allyl-L-cysteine (Standard) is the analytical standard of S-Allyl-L-cysteine. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. S-Allyl-L-cysteine, one of the organosulfur compounds found in AGE, possess various biological effects including neurotrophic activity, anti-cancer activity, anti-inflammatory activity.
    S-Allyl-L-cysteine (Standard)
  • HY-183329
    Tubulin polymerization-IN-92
    		Inducer
    Tubulin polymerization-IN-92, an analog of KX-01 (HY-10340), is a potent orally active tubulin polymerization inhibitor that binds tubulin with a Ka of 1.29 μM. Tubulin polymerization-IN-92 simultaneously occupies the colchicine site in β-tubulin and a cavity in α-tubulin. Tubulin polymerization-IN-92 exerts antiproliferative activity, induces G2/M cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in cancer cells. Tubulin polymerization-IN-92 inhibits tumor growth in mouse xenograft models. Tubulin polymerization-IN-92 can be used for the research of colon cancer, cervical cancer, and Paclitaxel (HY-B0015)-resistant ovarian cancer.
    Tubulin polymerization-IN-92
  • HY-111033
    RO5068760
    		Inducer
    RO5068760 is a potent, orally active and selective non-ATP-competitive MEK1/2 inhibitor with an IC50 of 0.025 μM for MEK1. RO5068760 significantly inhibits MAPK pathway activity, thereby inducing G1 cell cycle arrest and apoptosis to inhibit cancer cell growth. RO5068760 exhibits significant efficacy in a broad spectrum of tumors with aberrant MAPK pathway activation. RO5068760 can be used for melanoma, colorectal cancer, non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), and pancreatic cancer research.
    RO5068760
  • HY-115932
    Aurora kinase-IN-1
    Aurora kinase-IN-1 (Compound 9) is a potent inhibitor of aurora kinase. Aurora kinase-IN-1 upregulates the expression of G1 cell cycle inhibitory proteins including p21 and p27, and G1 progressive cyclin D1, and downregulates G1-to-S progressive cyclins, resulting in cell cycle arrest at the G1/S boundary. Aurora kinase-IN-1 also induces apoptosis. Aurora kinase-IN-1 is a lead compound for chemotherapeutic agents.
    Aurora kinase-IN-1
  • HY-172891
    CDK9/HDAC1/HDAC3-IN-1
    		Inhibitor
    CDK9/HDAC1/HDAC3-IN-1 is dual-functional inhibitor of CDK9 and HDAC. CDK9/HDAC1/HDAC3-IN-1 inhibits the protein activity of CDK9/HDAC/HDAC3 with IC50 s of 0.17  μM, 1.73  μM and 1.11 μM for CDK9, HDAC1, and HDAC3, respectively. CDK9/HDAC1/HDAC3-IN-1 inhibits cancer cells by inducing cell apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in the G2/M phase, as well as tumor growth in a murine TNBC MDA-MB-231 xenograft model. CDK9/HDAC1/HDAC3-IN-1 has a broad-spectrum anti-cancer activity, such as breast cancer, cervical cancer, and liver cancer.
    CDK9/HDAC1/HDAC3-IN-1
  • HY-152027
    HSP90-IN-18
    		Inducer
    HSP90-IN-18 is an effective heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) inhibitor. HSP90-IN-18 has effective Hsp90 inhibitory activity with an IC50 value of 0.39 μM. HSP90-IN-18 can be used for the research of viral infection, neurodegenerative disease, and inflammation.
    HSP90-IN-18
  • HY-149252
    Tubulin inhibitor 32
    		Inducer
    Tubulin inhibitor 32 is a potent and orally active tubulin inhibitor. Tubulin inhibitor 32 shows anti-proliferative activity and inhibits microtubule polymerization. Tubulin inhibitor 32 induces Apoptosis and cell cycle arrest at G2/M phase. Tubulin inhibitor 32 shows anti-tumor activity.
    Tubulin inhibitor 32
  • HY-D0988B
    R-Phycoerythrin ammonium sulfate precipitate
    		Inducer
    R-Phycoerythrin (R-PE) (ammonium sulfate precipitate) is found in Heterosiphonia japonica. R-Phycoerythrin (ammonium sulfate precipitate) is an orange-red fluorescent probe with α, β, and γ subunits. R-Phycoerythrin (concentrated solution) can be used in photodynamic therapy (PDT) to induce apoptosis in tumor cells. R-Phycoerythrin (ammonium sulfate precipitate) can be used in fluorescence microscopy, flow cytometry, and immunofluorescence analysis (Ex/Em = 496/578 nm).
    R-Phycoerythrin ammonium sulfate precipitate
  • HY-123056
    EAD1
    		Inducer
    EAD1 is a Chloroquine (HY-17589A) analog with anticancer activity. EAD1 blocks autophagy, leading to the intracellular accumulation of autophagosome-related proteins LC3-II and p62. EAD1 induces cancer cell apoptosis and inhibits cancer cell proliferation. EAD1 can be used in the research of lung cancer and pancreatic cancer.
    EAD1
  • HY-117152
    L-threo-Sphingosine
    		Inducer
    L-threo-Sphingosine is a potent MAPK inhibitor. L-threo-Sphingosine induces apoptosis and clear DNA fragmentation. L-threo-Sphingosine shows anticancer effect.
    L-threo-Sphingosine
  • HY-144760
    EGFR-IN-3
    		Inducer
    EGFR-IN-3 (Compound 4c) is a potent EGFR inhibitor with an IC50 of 0.32 µM against EGFRwt-TK. EGFR-IN-3 shows cytotoxic activity against cancer cell lines and induces apoptosis.
    EGFR-IN-3
  • HY-136727A
    Ac-LEVD-CHO TFA
    		Inhibitor
    Ac-LEVD-CHO (TFA) is an inhibitor of caspase-4. Ac-LEVD-CHO (TFA) can inhibit the expression and secretion of IL-1α expression as well as the activation of caspase-4 induced by the T. denticola periodontal pathogen surface protein Td92 in human gingival fibroblasts. Ac-LEVD-CHO (TFA) can also reduce the apoptosis due to the expression of the dominant negative adenoviral RNA-dependent protein kinase in A549 and PC3 cancer cell lines.
    Ac-LEVD-CHO TFA
  • HY-111783G
    AZD-7648 (GMP)
    		Inducer
    AZD-7648 (GMP) is AZD-7648 (HY-111783) produced by using GMP guidelines. GMP small molecules works appropriately as an auxiliary reagent for cell therapy manufacture. AZD-7648 is a potent, orally active, selective DNA-PK inhibitor with an IC50 of 0.6 nM. AZD-7648 induces apoptosis and shows antitumor activity.
    AZD-7648 (GMP)
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity