2. Signaling Pathways
  3. Apoptosis
  4. Apoptosis

Apoptosis

Apoptosis

Apoptosis

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Apoptosis is a distinctive form of cell death exhibiting specific morphological and biochemical characteristics, including cell membrane blebbing, chromatin condensation, genomic DNA fragmentation, and exposure of specific phagocytosis signaling molecules on the cell surface. Cells undergoing apoptosis differ from those dying through necrosis. Necrotic cells are usually recognized by the immune system as a danger signal and, thus, resulting in inflammation; in contrast, apoptotic death is quiet and orderly.

There are two major pathways of apoptotic cell death induction: The intrinsic pathway, also called the Bcl-2-regulated or mitochondrial pathway, is activated by various developmental cues or cytotoxic insults, such as viral infection, DNA damage and growth-factor deprivation, and is strictly controlled by the BCL-2 family of proteins. The extrinsic or death-receptor pathway is triggered by ligation of death receptors (members of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor family, such as Fas or TNF receptor-1 (TNFR1)) that contain an intracellular death domain, which can recruit and activate caspase-8 through the adaptor protein Fas-associated death domain (FADD; also known as MORT1) at the cell surface. This recruitment causes subsequent activation of downstream (effector) caspases, such as caspase-3, -6 or -7, without any involvement of the BCL-2 family.

Studies suggest that alterations in cell survival contribute to the pathogenesis of a number of human diseases, including cancer, viral infections, autoimmune diseases, neurodegenerative disorders, and AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome). Treatments designed to specifically alter the apoptotic threshold may have the potential to change the natural progression of some of these diseases.

Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-N6745S
    Citreoviridin-13C23
    		Inducer
    Citreoviridin-13C23 is 13C labeled 2,3-Pentanedione (HY-W012998). 2,3-Pentanedione is a common constituent of synthetic flavorings and is used to impart a butter, strawberry, caramel, fruit, rum, or cheese flavor in beverages, ice cream, candy, baked goods, gelatins, and puddings. 2,3-Pentanedione also occurs naturally as a fermentation product in beer, wine, and yogurt and is releasedduring roasting of coffee beans.
    Citreoviridin-<sup>13</sup>C<sub>23</sub>
  • HY-W011683S
    2'-Deoxyadenosine monohydrate-1′-13C
    		Inducer
    2'-Deoxyadenosine monohydrate-1′-13C is the 13C labeled 2'-Deoxyadenosine monohydrate (HY-W011683). 2′-Deoxyadenosine monohydrate is an adenine nucleoside that inhibits glucose-stimulated insulin release. 2′-Deoxyadenosine monohydrate inhibits glucose-stimulated increases seen in islet cyclic AMP (cAMP) accumulation. 2'-Deoxyadenosine monohydrate activates caspase-3 and promotes apoptosis. 2'-Deoxyadenosine monohydrate inhibits the activity of S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine hydrolase (SAHH). 2'-Deoxyadenosine monohydrate inhibits the growth of various cells. 2'-Deoxyadenosine monohydrate has an anticancer effect on colon cancer.
    2'-Deoxyadenosine monohydrate-1′-<sup>13</sup>C
  • HY-N0231R
    Bavachalcone (Standard)
    		Activator
    Bavachalcone (Standard) is the analytical standard of Bavachalcone. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Bavachalcone is a potent inducer of apoptosis. Bavachalcone exerts anticancer activity by promoting autophagy and apoptosis in HepG2 cells. Bavachalcone acts as an anti-neuroinflammatory and antidepressant through the NF-κB pathway. Bavachalcone inhibits osteoclasts by interfering with ERK and Akt signaling pathways and the expression of c-Fos and NFATc1. Bavachalcone exhibits a significant inhibitory effect on baculovirus-expressed BACE-1 in vitro.
    Bavachalcone (Standard)
  • HY-118101
    15-Deoxy-Δ12,14-prostaglandin A1
    		Inducer
    15-Deoxy-Δ12,14-prostaglandin A1 is a deoxyanalog of prostaglandins that inhibits NF-κB signaling and induces apoptosis. 15-Deoxy-Δ12,14-prostaglandin A1 inhibits TNF-α-induced upregulation of inflammatory endothelial cell adhesion molecule (CAM) and avoids monocyte arrest.
    15-Deoxy-Δ12,14-prostaglandin A1
  • HY-N0408R
    Picroside II (Standard)
    		Inducer
    Picroside II (Standard) is the analytical standard of Picroside II. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Picroside II, an iridoid compound extracted from Picrorhiza, exhibits anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic activities. picroside II alleviates the inflammatory response in sepsis and enhances immune function by inhibiting the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome and NF-κB pathways. Picroside II is an antioxidant, exhibits a significant neuroprotective effect through reducing ROS production and protects the blood-brain barrier (BBB) after cerebral ischemia-reperfusion (CI/R) injury. Picroside II has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, immune regulatory, anti-virus and other pharmacological activities.
    Picroside II (Standard)
  • HY-173074
    Microtubulin-IN-1
    		Inducer
    Microtubulin-IN-1 (Compound 8g) is the inhibitor for microtubulin that targets colchicine-binding site, disrupts the microtubulin integrity, and induces the upregulation of p53. Microtubulin-IN-1 exhibits antiproliferative activity in a variety of cancer cell lines (IC50 for NCI-H460, BxPC-3 and HT-29 is 2.4, 1.6 and 2.07 nM, respectively), arrests the cell cycle at G2/M phase, and induces apoptosis in NCI-H460.
    Microtubulin-IN-1
  • HY-17583S1
    Griseofulvin-13C,d3
    		Inducer
    Griseofulvin-13C,d3 is the 13C- and deuterium labeled Griseofulvin.
    Griseofulvin-<sup>13</sup>C,d<sub>3</sub>
  • HY-B0808R
    Oxaprozin (Standard)
    		Inducer
    Oxaprozin (Standard) is the analytical standard of Oxaprozin. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Oxaprozin is an orally active and potent COX inhibitor, with IC50 values of 2.2 μM for human platelet COX-1 and and 36 μM for IL-1-stimulated human synovial cell COX-2, respectively. Oxaprozin also inhibits the activation of NF-κB. Oxaprozin induces cell apoptosis. Oxaprozin shows anti-inflammatory activity. Oxaprozin-mediated inhibition of the Akt/IKK/NF-κB pathway contributes to its anti-inflammatory properties.
    Oxaprozin (Standard)
  • HY-178158
    SQS-IN-1
    		Inducer
    SQS-IN-1 is a squalene synthase (SQS) inhibitor. SQS-IN-1 exhibits potent and broad-spectrum anti-proliferative effects on both mouse and human lung cancer cell lines. SQS-IN-1 inhibits DNA replication and the cell cycle, causing mitochondrial hyperpolarization and inducing cell apoptosis. SQS-IN-1 inhibits cell migration and invasion. SQS-IN-1 can be used to the study of lung cancer.
    SQS-IN-1
  • HY-10966G
    SB-590885 (GMP)
    		Inhibitor
    SB-590885 GMP is SB-590885 (HY-10966) produced by using GMP guidelines. GMP small molecules works appropriately as an auxiliary reagent for cell therapy manufacture. SB-590885 is a BRAF/c-Raf kinase inhibitor that selectively targets B-Raf, and it amplifies the ERK/MAPK signaling pathway in RAS-activated cells. SB-590885 effectively inhibits the malignant proliferation, transformation and tumorigenicity of oncogenic B-Raf cells; it also induces the proliferation of erythroid progenitor cells, delays their differentiation and promotes hemoglobin synthesis, thereby improving ineffective erythropoiesis and reducing apoptosis. SB-590885 exerts a synergistic effect with TGF-β inhibitors and glucocorticoids, significantly promoting the formation of erythroid colonies in cells from patients with Diamond-Blackfan anemia (DBA). SB-590885 is mainly used in relevant studies on DBA, cisplatin-induced myelosuppression-related anemia, and pan-cancers such as melanoma and colorectal cancer.
    SB-590885 (GMP)
  • HY-179699
    Procaspase-3 activator 1
    		Inducer
    Procaspase-3 activator 1 is a potent procaspase-3 activator. Procaspase-3 activator directly activates procaspase-3 through zinc chelation, thereby inducing apoptosis and inhibiting cancer cell proliferation. Procaspase-3 activator 1 can be used for the research of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and melanoma.
    Procaspase-3 activator 1
  • HY-138850
    Thalidomide-NH-amido-C3-NH2
    		Inducer
    Thalidomide-NH-amido-C3-NH2 is a synthesized E3 ligase ligand-linker conjugate that incorporates the Thalidomide based cereblon ligand and a linker used in PROTAC technology.
    Thalidomide-NH-amido-C3-NH2
  • HY-N2393S
    Kukoamine B-d5 dihydrochloride
    		Inhibitor
    Kukoamine B, a spermine alkaloid, is a potent dual LPS and CpG DNA inhibitor with Kd values of 1.23 µM and 0.66 µM, respectively. Kukoamine B exerts anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic, anti-oxidant, anti-osteoporotic and neuroprotective effects. Kukoamine B has the potential for the study of sepsis. .
    Kukoamine B-d<sub>5</sub> dihydrochloride
  • HY-N1373R
    Sophoridine (Standard)
    		Inducer
    Sophoridine (Standard) is the analytical standard of Sophoridine. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Sophoridine is a quinolizidine alkaloid isolated from Leguminous plant Sophora flavescens. Sophoridine induces apoptosis. Sophoridine has the potential to be a novel, potent and selective antitumor agent candidate for pancreatic cancer with well-tolerated toxicity.
    Sophoridine (Standard)
  • HY-120257
    IDN-1965
    		Inhibitor
    IDN-1965 is an irreversible, broad-spectrum caspase inhibitor. IDN-1965 prevents downstream apoptotic events (such as DNase activation) and significantly delays cytochrome c release by inhibiting caspase activity. IDN-1965 significantly delayed death in mice with cardiomyocyte apoptosis. IDN-1965 completely prevents left ventricular dilation, systolic dysfunction, and fibrosis in mice with dilated cardiomyopathy. IDN-1965 can be used to study apoptosis-related diseases such as heart failure and the mechanisms of apoptosis initiation.
    IDN-1965
  • HY-147538
    Antitumor agent-64
    Antitumor agent-64 (Compound 8d) is a diosgenin derivative. Antitumor agent-64 exhibits potent cytotoxic activity against A549 cell line. Antitumor agent-64 induces A549 cells apoptosis via the mitochondria-related pathway.
    Antitumor agent-64
  • HY-152207
    LWG-301
    		Inducer
    LWG-301 is an allosteric inhibitor of Glutaminase 1 (GLS1) with an IC50 value of 7 nM. LWG-301 significantly block glutamine metabolism, increases intracellular ROS, thus induces apoptosis. LWG-301 exhibits moderate antitumor effects in HCT116 xenograft model.
    LWG-301
  • HY-B0523S
    Anagrelide-13C2,15N,d2
    		Inducer
    Anagrelide-13C2,15N,d2 is 15N and deuterated labeled Anagrelide (HY-B0523). Anagrelide is a potent inhibitor of phosphodiesterase type III (PDE3) (IC50=36 nM). Anagrelide, an imidazoquinazoline derivative, acts as an inhibitor of platelet aggregation. Anagrelide inhibits bone marrow megakaryocytopoiesis. Anagrelide decreases gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) cell proliferation and promotes their apoptosis in vitro. Anagrelide is a platelet-lowering agent and plays in the antithrombopoietic action.
    Anagrelide-<sup>13</sup>C<sub>2</sub>,<sup>15</sup>N,d<sub>2</sub>
  • HY-144128
    hGGPPS-IN-1
    hGGPPS-IN-1 (Compound 18b) is a potent inhibitor of the human geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate synthase (hGGPPS). hGGPPS-IN-1 is an analogue of C-2-substituted thienopyrimidine-based bisphosphonates (C2-ThP-BPs). hGGPPS-IN-1 induces target-selective apoptosis of multiple myeloma (MM) cells and exhibits antimyeloma activity in vivo.
    hGGPPS-IN-1
  • HY-147839
    Topoisomerase II inhibitor 10
    		Inducer
    Topoisomerase II inhibitor 10 (compound 32a) is a potent topoisomerase II inhibitor with an IC50 value of 7.45 μM. Topoisomerase II inhibitor 10 causes cell cycle arrest at G2-M phase and induces apoptosis of HepG-2 cells. Topoisomerase II inhibitor 10 has excellent anti-proliferative activities against HepG-2, MCF-7, and HCT-116 cells.
    Topoisomerase II inhibitor 10
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity