2. Signaling Pathways
  3. Apoptosis
  4. Apoptosis

Apoptosis

Apoptosis

Apoptosis

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Apoptosis is a distinctive form of cell death exhibiting specific morphological and biochemical characteristics, including cell membrane blebbing, chromatin condensation, genomic DNA fragmentation, and exposure of specific phagocytosis signaling molecules on the cell surface. Cells undergoing apoptosis differ from those dying through necrosis. Necrotic cells are usually recognized by the immune system as a danger signal and, thus, resulting in inflammation; in contrast, apoptotic death is quiet and orderly.

There are two major pathways of apoptotic cell death induction: The intrinsic pathway, also called the Bcl-2-regulated or mitochondrial pathway, is activated by various developmental cues or cytotoxic insults, such as viral infection, DNA damage and growth-factor deprivation, and is strictly controlled by the BCL-2 family of proteins. The extrinsic or death-receptor pathway is triggered by ligation of death receptors (members of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor family, such as Fas or TNF receptor-1 (TNFR1)) that contain an intracellular death domain, which can recruit and activate caspase-8 through the adaptor protein Fas-associated death domain (FADD; also known as MORT1) at the cell surface. This recruitment causes subsequent activation of downstream (effector) caspases, such as caspase-3, -6 or -7, without any involvement of the BCL-2 family.

Studies suggest that alterations in cell survival contribute to the pathogenesis of a number of human diseases, including cancer, viral infections, autoimmune diseases, neurodegenerative disorders, and AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome). Treatments designed to specifically alter the apoptotic threshold may have the potential to change the natural progression of some of these diseases.

Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-P9923A
    Benralizumab (anti-IL5RA )
    		Inducer 99.60%
    Benralizumab (anti-IL5RA ) (MEDI-563 (anti-IL5RA ); BIW-8405 (anti-IL5RA)) is an interleukin-5 receptor α (IL-5Rα)-directed cytolytic monoclonal antibody that induces direct, rapid and nearly complete depletion of eosinophils via enhanced antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity. Benralizumab can be used for severe eosinophilic asthma study .
    Benralizumab (anti-IL5RA )
  • HY-W010800A
    Cholesterol hemisuccinate Tris salt
    		Inhibitor 99.98%
    Cholesterol hemisuccinate (Cholesterol hydrogen succinate) Tris salt is a compound with hepatoprotective and anticancer activity. Cholesterol hemisuccinate Tris salt inhibits Acetaminophen (AAP) (HY-66005) hepatotoxicity, and prevents AAP-induced hepatic apoptosis and necrosis. Cholesterol hemisuccinate Tris salt inhibits DNA polymerase and DNA topoisomerase to inhibit DNA replication and repair and cell division. Cholesterol hemisuccinate Tris salt inhibits tumor growth. Cholesterol hemisuccinate Tris salt can be used for buffer preparation.
    Cholesterol hemisuccinate Tris salt
  • HY-107616
    H2L5186303
    		Activator 98.50%
    H2L5186303 is a potent and selective LPA2 receptor antagonist with an IC50 of 9 nM. H2L5186303 promotes Apoptosis. H2L5186303 inhibits cell proliferation and motility. H2L5186303 has anti-inflammatory effects.
    H2L5186303
  • HY-N0580
    Fraxetin
    		Inducer 99.96%
    Fraxetin is isolated from Fraxinus rhynchophylla Hance and has oral bioactivity. Fraxetin has anti-tumor, antibacterial, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory effects. Fraxetin can induce cell apoptosis.
    Fraxetin
  • HY-103661
    BI-6C9
    		Inhibitor 98.47%
    BI-6C9 is a highly specific BH3 interacting domain (Bid) inhibitor, which prevents mitochondrial outer membrane potential (MOMP) and mitochondrial fission, and protects the cells from mitochondrial apoptosis inducing factor (AIF) release and caspase-independent cell death in neurons.
    BI-6C9
  • HY-N0272
    Eleutheroside E
    		Inhibitor 99.60%
    Eleutheroside E is an important component of ginseng that can be taken orally. Eleutheroside E has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, and it helps reduce apoptosis in heart cells caused by hypoxia-reoxygenation (H/R) damage. Eleutheroside E can improve type 2 diabetes, enhance cognitive function, and has neuroprotective effects.
    Eleutheroside E
  • HY-N0532
    Morroniside
    		Inhibitor 99.94%
    Morroniside has neuroprotective effect by inhibiting neuron apoptosis and MMP2/9 expression.
    Morroniside
  • HY-139109
    IR-783
    		Inducer 99.87%
    IR-783 (ADS 780WS) is a heptamethine cyanine dye. IR-783 induces Mitochondrial membrane potential loss, ATP depletion, mitochondrial permeability transition pore opening, Cytochrome c release and Apoptosis in breast cancer cells. IR-783 promotes the translocation of Drp1 from the cytosol to mitochondria. IR-783 increases the expression of mitochondrial fission proteins such as MFF and Fission-1. IR-783 possesses imaging, cancer-targeting and anticancer properties. IR-783 exerts anticancer effects against breast cancer. IR-783 can be used in breast cancer-related research.
    IR-783
  • HY-P99313
    Quilizumab
    		Inducer 99.56%
    Quilizumab (Anti-Human IGHE Recombinant Antibody) is a humanized IgG1κ monoclonal antibody targeting immunoglobulin epsilon (also konwn as: IGHE, IgE). Quilizumab targets the M1-prime fragment of membrane-expressed IGHE/IgE, leading to IGHE/IgE switching and memory B cell depletion. Quilizumab has potential in asthma research.
    Quilizumab
  • HY-N0745
    Senkyunolide I
    		Inhibitor 99.37%
    Senkyunolide I is an orally active, blood-brain barrier-permeable metabolite of Z-ligustilide (HY-N0401A). Senkyunolide I is isolated from Ligusticum chuanxiong. Senkyunolide I upregulates p-Erk1/2 and Nrf2/HO-1, and inhibits Caspase 3. Senkyunolide I alleviates Apoptosis. Senkyunolide I increases the pain threshold in mice and reduces acetic acid-induced writhing responses in mice. Senkyunolide I improves neurological deficits, reduces infarct volume and alleviates cerebral edema in rats with focal cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury. Senkyunolide I protects renal function and structural integrity in a mouse model of renal ischemia-reperfusion injury. Senkyunolide I is applicable to research related to focal cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury, migraine, and renal ischemia-reperfusion injury.
    Senkyunolide I
  • HY-P9916
    Sarilumab
    		99.36%
    Sarilumab is a monoclonal antibody targeting IL6 that binds to IL6R and blocks the binding of IL6, thereby inhibiting the activation of the downstream STAT3 phosphorylation signaling pathway. In tumor cells with active IL6/STAT3 signaling pathways, Sarilumab induces Apoptosis and inhibits cell growth. Sarilumab is applicable to research related to prostate cancer, lung cancer and rheumatoid arthritis.
    Sarilumab
  • HY-W021040
    Fludioxonil
    		Inducer 99.94%
    Fludioxonil (CGA-173506) is a phenylpyrrole-type fungicide with oral activity that can inhibit the growth of S. sclerotiorum. Fludioxonil promotes tumor growth and metastasis, and induces cardiac toxicity. Fludioxonil causes cytoskeletal disruption, DNA damage, and apoptosis in mouse glioma cells.
    Fludioxonil
  • HY-N2410
    N-trans-Feruloyltyramine
    		Inhibitor 99.90%
    N-trans-Feruloyltyramine (N-feruloyltyramine), an alkaloid, is a potent antioxidant. N-trans-Feruloyltyramine improves H2O2-induced intracellular ROS generation and decreases apoptosis. N-trans-Feruloyltyramine has the potential for oxidative stress-related neurodegenerative conditions and cancer research.
    N-trans-Feruloyltyramine
  • HY-N0667S2
    L-Asparagine-15N2 monohydrate
    		99.95%
    L-Asparagine-15N2 monohydrate is the 15N-labeled L-Asparagine monohydrate (HY-W017443). L-Asparagine monohydrate is an essential amino acid for leukemic cells and a substrate for L-Asparaginase. L-Asparaginase is a potent anti-leukemic enzyme that promotes asparagine (Asn) and glutamine (Gln) depletion and inhibits protein biosynthesis in lymphoblasts. Removal of L-asparagine from plasma by L-Asparaginase results in inhibition of RNA and DNA synthesis and subsequent apoptosis. L-Asparaginase has cell-killing ability in vitro and in vivo, and selectively inhibits the growth of cancer cells with low asparagine synthetase (AASNS) expression. L-Asparagine monohydrate can be used as a biomarker and sensor for the study of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia.
    L-Asparagine-<sup>15</sup>N<sub>2</sub> monohydrate
  • HY-B0849
    Azoxystrobin
    		Inducer 99.95%
    Azoxystrobin is an orally active, broad-spectrum β-methoxyacrylate fungicide. Azoxystrobin inhibits mitochondrial respiration by binding to the Qo site of the cytochrome bc1 complex and inhibiting electron transfer. Azoxystrobin induces the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and induces cell apoptosis.
    Azoxystrobin
  • HY-N0353
    Curdione
    		Inhibitor 99.80%
    Curdione ((+)-Curdione) is an orally active sesquiterpenoid. Curdione inhibits platelet aggregation. Curdione induces ferroptosis in colorectal cancer via m6A methylation mediated by METTL14 and YTHDF2. Curdione inhibits ferroptosis in Isoproterenol (HY-B0468)-induced myocardial infarction by regulating the Keap1/Trx1/GPX4 signaling pathway, suppressing oxidative stress (ROS) and apoptosis. Curdione ameliorates Doxorubicin (HY-15142)-induced cardiotoxicity by inhibiting oxidative stress (ROS) and activating the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway. Curdione ameliorates sepsis-induced lung injury by inhibiting platelet-mediated neutrophil extracellular trap formation. Curdione ameliorates Bleomycin (HY-17565A)-induced pulmonary fibrosis by inhibiting TGF-β-induced fibroblast-to-myofibroblast differentiation. Curdione exhibits neuroprotective effects against focal cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats. Curdione exerts antiproliferative effects against human uterine leiomyosarcoma by targeting IDO1. Curdione protects vascular endothelial cells and atherosclerosis by regulating DNMT1-mediated ERBB4 promoter methylation. Curdione inhibits inducible prostaglandin E2 production (IC50 = 1.1 μM) and cyclooxygenase 2 expression.
    Curdione
  • HY-N0265
    Asperosaponin VI
    		Inhibitor 99.62%
    Asperosaponin VI is a saponin component from Dipsacus asper. Asperosaponin VI induces osteoblast differentiation through the BMP-2/p38 and ERK1/2 signaling pathways. Asperosaponin VI protects against hypoxia-induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis by activating the PI3K/Akt and CREB pathways. Additionally, Asperosaponin VI also has antidepressant and wound-healing-promoting activities.
    Asperosaponin VI
  • HY-14507
    YK-4-279
    		Inducer 99.91%
    YK-4-279 blocks RNA Helicase A (RHA) binding with EWS-FLI1 (oncogenic protein). YK-4-279 induces apoptosis and shows anti-proliferation activities towards various cancer cells. YK-4-279 has a chiral center and it can be separated into two enantiomers. YK-4-279 can be used for the research of cancer.
    YK-4-279
  • HY-148226
    20-5,14-HEDGE
    		Inhibitor 99.28%
    20-5,14-HEDGE is a 20-HETE analog. 20-5,14-HEDGE induces cell death in organotypic hippocampal slice cultures (OHSCs). 20-5,14-HEDGE enhances ROS production and reduces hypoxia-reoxygenation (HR)-induced apoptosis in ex vivo rat lung slices. 20-5,14-HEDGE protects against lung ischemic reperfusion injury in rats. 20-5,14-HEDGE can be used for the study of pulmonary vascular signaling and lung injury-related research.
    20-5,14-HEDGE
  • HY-N7922
    Urolithin M5
    		Inhibitor
    Urolithin M5 (Decarboxyellagic acid) is an orally active influenza virus neuraminidase inhibitor and neuroprotective agent, with IC50 values of 174.8 μM (HK68), 191.5 μM (pdm09), 243.2 μM (WSN) and 257.1 μM (PR8) against four influenza virus neuraminidases, respectively. Urolithin M5 inhibits viral neuraminidase activity, thereby blocking influenza virus replication (including oseltamivir (HY-13317)-resistant strains), protecting infected mammals from death and improving pulmonary edema. Urolithin M5 forms a hydrogen-bond stabilized complex with IGF1R, and binds to MAPK14, AKT1, NFKB1 and EGFR. Urolithin M5 reduces reactive oxygen species production, inhibits neuronal apoptosis, restores mitochondrial transmembrane potential, and promotes neurite outgrowth of damaged neuronal cells. Urolithin M5 can be used in research related to influenza virus infection and Alzheimer's disease.
    Urolithin M5
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity