2. Signaling Pathways
  3. Apoptosis
  4. Apoptosis

Apoptosis

Apoptosis

Apoptosis

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Apoptosis is a distinctive form of cell death exhibiting specific morphological and biochemical characteristics, including cell membrane blebbing, chromatin condensation, genomic DNA fragmentation, and exposure of specific phagocytosis signaling molecules on the cell surface. Cells undergoing apoptosis differ from those dying through necrosis. Necrotic cells are usually recognized by the immune system as a danger signal and, thus, resulting in inflammation; in contrast, apoptotic death is quiet and orderly.

There are two major pathways of apoptotic cell death induction: The intrinsic pathway, also called the Bcl-2-regulated or mitochondrial pathway, is activated by various developmental cues or cytotoxic insults, such as viral infection, DNA damage and growth-factor deprivation, and is strictly controlled by the BCL-2 family of proteins. The extrinsic or death-receptor pathway is triggered by ligation of death receptors (members of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor family, such as Fas or TNF receptor-1 (TNFR1)) that contain an intracellular death domain, which can recruit and activate caspase-8 through the adaptor protein Fas-associated death domain (FADD; also known as MORT1) at the cell surface. This recruitment causes subsequent activation of downstream (effector) caspases, such as caspase-3, -6 or -7, without any involvement of the BCL-2 family.

Studies suggest that alterations in cell survival contribute to the pathogenesis of a number of human diseases, including cancer, viral infections, autoimmune diseases, neurodegenerative disorders, and AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome). Treatments designed to specifically alter the apoptotic threshold may have the potential to change the natural progression of some of these diseases.

Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-10253
    AG1024
    		Inducer 99.50%
    AG1024 (Tyrphostin AG 1024) is a reversible, competitive and selective IGF-1R inhibitor with an IC50 of 7 μM. AG1024 inhibits phosphorylation of IR (IC50=57 μM). AG1024 induces apoptosis and has anti-cancer activity.
    AG1024
  • HY-15858A
    AP-III-a4 hydrochloride
    		Inducer 99.24%
    AP-III-a4 (ENOblock) hydrochloride is a nonsubstrate analogue enolase inhibitor with an IC50 of 0.576 uM. AP-III-a4 hydrochloride can be used for the research of cancer and diabetic.
    AP-III-a4 hydrochloride
  • HY-177442
    DS-3939a
    		Inducer 99.15%
    DS-3939a (DS-3939) is an anti-TA-MUC1 (tumor-associated mucin-1) antibody-drug conjugate (ADC). DS-3939a consists of a humanized anti-TA-MUC1 IgG1 monoclonal antibody Gatipotuzumab ( HY-P99634), a stable and cleavable tetrapeptide-based linker (Gly-Gly-Phe-Gly), and a DNA topoisomerase I inhibitor payload (DXd) (HY-13631D), and the drug-linker conjugate for ADC is Deruxtecan (HY-13631E). DS-3939a inhibits the growth of TA-MUC1-positive cancer cells (CFPAC-1, NCI-H2110) by inducing DNA damage and apoptosis. DS-3939a exhibits significant antitumor activity in a variety of TA-MUC1-expressing advanced solid tumors. DS-3939a can be used for the study of TA-MUC1-expressing advanced cancers.
    DS-3939a
  • HY-112852
    TL02-59
    		Inducer 99.86%
    TL02-59 is an orally active, selective Src-family kinase Fgr inhibitor with an IC50 of 0.03 nM. TL02-59 inhibits Lyn and Hck with IC50s of 0.1 nM and 160 nM, respectively. TL02-59 potently suppresses acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) cell growth.
    TL02-59
  • HY-B0294
    Flubendazole
    		Inducer 99.05%
    Flubendazole is an anthelmintic drug based on altering microtubule structure, inhibition of tubulin polymerization and disruption of microtubule function. Flubendazole induces apoptosis in human colorectal cancer (CRC) by blocking the STAT3 signaling axis and activation of autophagy. Flubendazole induces P53 expression and reduced Cyclin B1 and p-cdc2 expression. Flubendazole is an antitumor agent. Flubendazole can be used for worm and intestinal parasites.
    Flubendazole
  • HY-15989A
    SM-164 hydrochloride
    		Inducer
    SM-164 hydrochloride is a cell-permeable Smac mimetic compound. SM-164 binds to XIAP protein containing both the BIR2 and BIR3 domains with an IC50 value of 1.39 nM and functions as an extremely potent antagonist of XIAP.
    SM-164 hydrochloride
  • HY-141881
    PROTAC-O4I2
    		Inducer 99.56%
    PROTAC-O4I2 is a PROTAC targets splicing factor 3B1 (SF3B1). PROTAC-O4I2 induces FLAG-SF3B1 degradation with an IC50 value of 0.244 μM in K562 cells. PROTAC-O4I2 also induces cellular apoptosis in K562 WT cells.
    PROTAC-O4I2
  • HY-112296
    T025
    		Inducer 99.64%
    T025 is an orally active and highly potent inhibitor of Cdc2-like kinase (CLKs), with Kd values of 4.8, 0.096, 6.5, 0.61, 0.074, 1.5 and 32 nM for CLK1, CLK2, CLK3, CLK4, DYRK1A, DYRK1B and DYRK2, respectively. T025 induces caspase-3/7-mediated cell apoptosis. T025 reduces CLK-dependent phosphorylation. T025 exerts anti-proliferative activities in both hematological and solid cancer cell lines (IC50 values: 30-300 nM). T025 has an anti-tumor efficiency, mainly for MYC-driven disease research.
    T025
  • HY-14596R
    Genistein (Standard)
    		Inducer
    Genistein (Standard) is the analytical standard of Genistein. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Genistein, a soy isoflavone, is a multiple tyrosine kinases (e.g., EGFR) inhibitor which acts as a chemotherapeutic agent against different types of cancer, mainly by altering apoptosis, the cell cycle, and angiogenesis and inhibiting metastasis.
    Genistein (Standard)
  • HY-100807R
    Quinolinic acid (Standard)
    		Inducer
    Quinolinic acid (Standard) is the analytical standard of Quinolinic acid. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Quinolinic acid, an endogenous metabolite of tryptophan, is a N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDA receptor) agonist. Quinolinic acid increases glutamate efflux, induces the generation of ROS, activates nitric oxide synthase, produces excessive NO, leading to calcium ion influx and neuronal apoptosis.
    Quinolinic acid (Standard)
  • HY-N5063
    Plantainoside D
    		Inducer 99.15%
    Plantainoside D, a phenylethanoid glycosides, is a IKK-β inhibitor with diverse biological activities. Plantainoside D shows inhibitory activity of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) with an IC50 of 2.17 mM. Plantainoside D significantly reduces the release of glutamate from nerve terminals in the cerebral cortex of rats by inhibiting the voltage-dependent calcium channel (VDCCs) and protein kinase C (PKC) signaling cascade. Plantainoside D significantly alleviates cell apoptosis by inhibiting the generation of ROS and the activation of NF-κB. Plantainoside D significantly improves acute lung injury (ALI) induced by sepsis by regulating the Sirt3/NLRP3 signaling pathway. Plantainoside D can be used for the study of neuroprotection, antioxidant, anti-inflammation, antihypertension.
    Plantainoside D
  • HY-149433
    BWA-522
    		Inducer 98.04%
    BWA-522 is an orally active PROTAC degrader targeting full-length androgen receptor (AR-FL) and androgen receptor splice variant 7 (AR-V7). BWA-522 antagonizes the N-terminal domain (AR-NTD) of the androgen receptor, suppresses AR downstream signaling proteins and induces cancer cells apoptosis. BWA-522 inhibits tumor growth in LNCaP xenograft mouse model. BWA-522 can be used for the research of prostate cancer.
    BWA-522
  • HY-100475
    KYP-2047
    		Inducer 99.94%
    KYP-2047 is a potent and BBB-penetrating prolyl-oligopeptidase (POP) inhibitor, with an Ki value of 0.023 nM. KYP-2047 reduces glioblastoma proliferation through angiogenesis and apoptosis modulation.
    KYP-2047
  • HY-N0656
    Usnic acid
    		Inducer 98.90%
    Usnic acid is a secondary metabolite of lichens with a unique dibenzofuran skeleton. Usnic acid inhibits DNA/RNA synthesis and has antibacterial activity. Usnic acid induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis and has anticancer activity. Usnic acid inhibits RANKL-mediated osteoclast formation and function by reducing the transcriptional and translational expression of NFATc1. Usnic acid has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities by inhibiting lipid peroxidation and myeloperoxidase.
    Usnic acid
  • HY-N6601
    Pomolic acid
    		Inducer 99.97%
    Randialic acid A (Pomolic acid) is a pentacyclic triterpene isolated from?Euscaphis japonica?(Tunb.). Randialic acid A (Pomolic acid) inhibits tumor cells growth and induces cell apoptosis. Randialic acid A (Pomolic acid) has a potential for the treatment of prostate cancer (PC).
    Pomolic acid
  • HY-W040129
    Chromomycin A3
    		Inducer 99.66%
    Chromomycin A3 is an inhibitor that selectively binds to GC-rich DNA sequences. Chromomycin A3 targets the DNA minor groove after forming a dimer with Mg2+. Chromomycin A3 inhibits DNA replication and transcription, blocks the binding of Sp1 transcription factor to target gene promoters, downregulates the expression of anti-apoptotic proteins such as FLIP, Mcl-1, and XIAP, and induces S-phase cycle arrest and caspase-dependent apoptosis in tumor cells. Chromomycin A3 can antagonize oxidative stress induced by glutathione depletion and neuronal apoptosis induced by Camptothecin (HY-15660). Chromomycin A3 can be used in basic research on malignant tumors such as cholangiocarcinoma, and is a potential chemosensitizer and GC-rich region probe.
    Chromomycin A3
  • HY-157334
    DEG-77
    		Inducer 99.03%
    DEG-77 is a molecular glue targeting IKZF2 and CK1α, with DC50 values of 15.3 nM and 10 nM, respectively. DEG-77 exhibits significant anti-tumor activity, inducing increased transcriptional levels of the pro-apoptotic protein Bax and the cell cycle arrest protein p21. DEG-77 is applicable to the research of acute myeloid leukemia (AmL), diffuse large B-cell lymphoma and ovarian cancer.
    DEG-77
  • HY-N2059
    Santalol
    		Inducer
    Santalol is a mixture of α and β-isomer santalol. α-Santalol is found in sandalwood oil. α-Santalol is a promising anti-cancer agent against cancers such as oral, breast, prostate and skin cancer. Santalol has sedative activity .
    Santalol
  • HY-14608S7
    L-Glutamic acid-d5
    		Inducer 99.84%
    L-Glutamic acid-d5 is the deuterium labeled L-Glutamic acid. L-Glutamic acid acts as an excitatory transmitter and an agonist at all subtypes of glutamate receptors (metabotropic, kainate, NMDA, and AMPA). L-Glutamic acid shows a direct activating effect on the release of DA from dopaminergic terminals.
    L-Glutamic acid-d<sub>5</sub>
  • HY-W014901
    Bisphenol F
    		Inducer 99.93%
    Bisphenol F is an orally active endocrine disruptor. Bisphenol F promotes ROS generation, upregulates p-AKT/p-GSK3β, and induces Apoptosis. Bisphenol F interferes with glucose metabolism, affects neurodevelopment and reproductive function. Bisphenol F reduces social novelty preference in mouse offspring. Bisphenol F can be used in bone, blood, and fat-related studies. Bisphenol F is used as a substitute for Bisphenol A (HY-18260).
    Bisphenol F
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity