SM-164 hydrochloride
Based on 61 publication(s) in Google Scholar
SM-164 hydrochloride is a cell-permeable Smac mimetic compound. SM-164 binds to XIAP protein containing both the BIR2 and BIR3 domains with an IC50 value of 1.39 nM and functions as an extremely potent antagonist of XIAP.
For research use only. We do not sell to patients.
- Purity: 95.82%
- CAS No.: 2734174-02-6
- Formula: C62H85ClN14O6
- Molecular Weight:1157.88
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Storage:
4°C, sealed storage, away from moisture
* In solvent : -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (sealed storage, away from moisture)
Publications Citing Use of MedChemExpress (MCE) SM-164 hydrochloride
More- Signal Transduct Target Ther. 2020 Oct 9;5(1):235. [Abstract]
- Nature. 2024 Apr;628(8009):835-843. [Abstract]
- Cancer Cell. 2025 May 12;43(5):955-969.e10. [Abstract]
- Cell. 2025 Dec 11;188(25):7155-7174.e25. [Abstract]
- Cell Res. 2023 Nov;33(11):835-850. [Abstract]
- Mol Cell. 2026 Jun 4;86(11):2106-2123.e8. [Abstract]
- Mol Cell. 2026 Apr 16;86(8):1574-1586.e11. [Abstract]
- Sci Immunol. 2024 Jul 12;9(97):eadn0178. [Abstract]
- Nat Commun. 2025 Aug 7;16(1):7309. [Abstract]
- Bone Res. 2026 May 18;14(1):53. [Abstract]
- Cell Death Dis. 2026 Apr 22;17(1):528. [Abstract]
- Cell Death Dis. 2025 Oct 24;16(1):759. [Abstract]
- Cell Death Dis. 2025 Jun 17;16(1):452. [Abstract]
- Cell Death Dis. 2024 Oct 18;15(10):759. [Abstract]
- Cell Death Dis. 2018 Nov 15;9(12):1140. [Abstract]
- Genes Dis. 2026 Jun 15.
- Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2022 Sep 6;119(36):e2117396119. [Abstract]
- Int J Biol Macromol. 2023 Jul 31:244:125373. [Abstract]
- Cell Death Discov. 2025 Jul 25;11(1):345. [Abstract]
- Cell Death Discov. 2024 Mar 23;10(1):152. [Abstract]
- Cell Rep. 2025 Aug 21;44(9):116186. [Abstract]
- J Med Chem. 2026 May 28;69(10):12449-12467. [Abstract]
- J Med Chem. 2025 Dec 11;68(23):25590-25606. [Abstract]
- J Med Chem. 2025 Apr 30. [Abstract]
- J Med Chem. 2023 Apr 13;66(7):5261-5278. [Abstract]
- J Med Chem. 2023 Feb 23;66(4):3073-3087. [Abstract]
- J Med Chem. 2022 Nov 10;65(21):14957-14969. [Abstract]
- Oncoimmunology. 2025 Dec;14(1):2490346. [Abstract]
- JCI Insight. 2025 Oct 22;10(20):e180655. [Abstract]
- Biomater Adv. 2025 Jan 13:170:214185. [Abstract]
- Biomater Adv. 2022 Feb:133:112615. [Abstract]
- Eur J Med Chem. 2024 Apr 5:269:116304. [Abstract]
- Eur J Med Chem. 2022 Jun 5;236:114345. [Abstract]
- Eur J Med Chem. 2021 Aug 5:220:113484. [Abstract]
- Biochem Pharmacol. 2026 Jun:248:117843. [Abstract]
- J Ethnopharmacol. 2024 Jan 30;319(Pt 3):117373. [Abstract]
- PLoS Pathog. 2024 Aug 30;20(8):e1012387. [Abstract]
- Bioorg Chem. 2025 Jul 1:161:108503. [Abstract]
- Bioorg Chem. 2024 Jan:142:106964. [Abstract]
- Bioorg Chem. 2023 Aug:137:106647. [Abstract]
- Bioorg Chem. 2023 Feb:131:106339. [Abstract]
- Rheumatology (Oxford). 2023 Jul 5;62(7):2563-2573. [Abstract]
- Mol Neurobiol. 2023 Apr;60(4):2135-2149. [Abstract]
- J Cell Mol Med. 2024 Mar;28(5):e17929. [Abstract]
- J Inflamm Res. 2025 Jul 19:18:9587-9608. [Abstract]
- Mol Med Rep. 2025 Jun;31(6):153. [Abstract]
- Bioorg Med Chem. 2024 Mar 15:102:117659. [Abstract]
- Bioorg Med Chem. 2024 Feb 15:100:117611. [Abstract]
- Bioorg Med Chem. 2023 Aug 15:91:117385. [Abstract]
- Biomed Res Int. 2019 Apr 7:2019:2121357. [Abstract]
- Curr Protoc. 2021 Jun;1(6):e156. [Abstract]
- bioRxiv. 2026 Jun 23.
- Res Sq. 2025 Jul 20.
- Res Sq. 2025 Jul 16.
- Patent. US20240294508A1.
- Georg Thieme Verlag KG
- Patent. US20240217963A1.
- bioRxiv. 2023 Aug 24.
- Patent. US20230192662A1.
- bioRxiv. 2023 Apr 25.
- Research Square Print. 2022 May.
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Cell Imaging/Staining
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Biological Activity
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cIAP-1 0.31 nM (Ki) |
cIAP-2 1.1 nM (Ki) |
cIAP |
SM-164 is a non-peptide, cell-permeable, bivalent small-molecule, which mimics Smac protein for targeting XIAP. SM-164 binds to XIAP containing both BIR domains with an IC50 value of 1.39 nM, being 300 and 7000-times more potent than its monovalent counterparts and the natural Smac AVPI peptide, respectively. SM-164 concurrently interacts with both BIR domains in XIAP and functions as an ultra-potent antagonist of XIAP in both cell-free functional and cell-based assays. SM-164 targets cellular XIAP and effectively induces apoptosis at concentrations as low as 1 nM in leukemia cancer cells, while having a minimal toxicity to normal human primary cells at 10,000 nM[1]. The binding affinities of SM-164 to XIAP, cIAP-1, and cIAP-2 proteins are determined using fluorescence-polarization based assays. SM-164 has a Ki value of 0.56 nM to XIAP protein containing both BIR2 and BIR3 domains. SM-164 has a Ki value of 0.31 nM to cIAP-1 protein containing both BIR2 and BIR3 domains. SM-164 binds to cIAP-2 BIR3 protein with Ki values of 1.1 nM. Addition of exogenous TNFα can significantly enhance the activity of these Smac mimetics, especially for SM-164, in resistant cancer cell lines such as HCT116 and MDA-MB-453[2].
MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
Chemical Information
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CAS No. 2734174-02-6
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Appearance Solid
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Molecular Weight 1157.88
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Formula C62H85ClN14O6
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Color White to off-white
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SMILES
C[C@H](NC)C(N[C@H]1CCCC[C@](CC[C@H]2C(N[C@@H](C3=CC=CC=C3)C4=CN(CCCCC5=CC=C(CCCCN6N=NC([C@@H](NC([C@@H]7CC[C@@](CCCC[C@@H]8NC([C@@H](NC)C)=O)([H])N7C8=O)=O)C9=CC=CC=C9)=C6)C=C5)N=N4)=O)([H])N2C1=O)=O.Cl
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Shipping
Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.
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Storage
4°C, sealed storage, away from moisture
* In solvent : -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (sealed storage, away from moisture)
Publications (61)
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Journal Impact Factor
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Most Recent
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Signal Transduct Target Ther
2020 Oct 9;5(1):235. PMID: 33037188 -
Nature
2024 Apr;628(8009):835-843. PMID: 38600381 -
Cancer Cell
Lymph node macrophages drive immune tolerance and resistance to cancer therapy by induction of the immune-regulatory cytokine IL-33. [Abstract]2025 May 12;43(5):955-969.e10. PMID: 40054466 -
Cell
Innate immune and metabolic signals induce mitochondria-dependent membrane lysis via mitoxyperiosis. [Abstract]2025 Dec 11;188(25):7155-7174.e25. PMID: 41317732 -
Cell Res
Low glucose metabolite 3-phosphoglycerate switches PHGDH from serine synthesis to p53 activation to control cell fate. [Abstract]2023 Nov;33(11):835-850. PMID: 37726403 -
Mol Cell
Hypoxia-driven lncRNA SHIELD promotes GPX4 translation and protects against ferroptosis in hepatocellular carcinoma. [Abstract]2026 Jun 4;86(11):2106-2123.e8. PMID: 42173099 -
Mol Cell
2026 Apr 16;86(8):1574-1586.e11. PMID: 41950919 -
Sci Immunol
2024 Jul 12;9(97):eadn0178. PMID: 38996010 -
Nat Commun
RIPK1 kinase drove brain microvascular endothelial cells death and blood-brain barrier disruption in neonatal Escherichia coli meningitis. [Abstract]2025 Aug 7;16(1):7309. PMID: 40774959 -
Bone Res
A RANKL+/CXCR4+ B cell population accumulates in bone marrow and causes age-related osteoporosis in mice. [Abstract]2026 May 18;14(1):53. PMID: 42151112 -
Cell Death Dis
Identification of human MLKL Cys184 and HSPBP1 Cys201 as novel cellular targets for necroptosis. [Abstract]2026 Apr 22;17(1):528. PMID: 42014672 -
Cell Death Dis
RIPK3 promotes skin inflammation by enhancing IL-36α signaling and necroptosis in keratinocytes. [Abstract]2025 Oct 24;16(1):759. PMID: 41136377 -
Cell Death Dis
Repurposing MDM2 inhibitor RG7388 for TP53-mutant NSCLC: a p53-independent pyroptotic mechanism via ROS/p-p38/NOXA/caspase-3/GSDME axis. [Abstract]2025 Jun 17;16(1):452. PMID: 40523886
SM-164 hydrochloride purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Cell Death Dis. 2025 Jun 17;16(1):452. [Abstract]
Immunoblot analysis of cleaved PARP, cleaved caspase-3, GSDME, and cleaved GSDME in the indicated cells treated with RG7388 (15 μM), SM-164 (25-50 nM), or the combination of RG7388 and SM-164 for 6 or 24 h.
SM-164 hydrochloride purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Cell Death Dis. 2025 Jun 17;16(1):452. [Abstract]
Bright-field microscopic images of TP53mutant NSCLC organoids treated with RG7388 (15 μM), SM-164 (25 nM), or the combination of RG7388 and SM-164 for 24 h were shown.
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Cell Death Dis
NLRP10 maintains epidermal homeostasis by promoting keratinocyte survival and P63-dependent differentiation and barrier function. [Abstract]2024 Oct 18;15(10):759. PMID: 39424623 -
Cell Death Dis
c-Jun N-terminal kinases differentially regulate TNF- and TLRs-mediated necroptosis through their kinase-dependent and -independent activities. [Abstract]2018 Nov 15;9(12):1140. PMID: 30442927
SM-164 hydrochloride purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Cell Death Dis. 2018 Nov 15;9(12):1140. [Abstract]
MEF cells are transfected with indicated siRNA for 3 days and then treated with TNF+Smac+zVAD, or poly I:C+zVAD for 3 h.
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Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A
Mitochondrial outer membrane protein FUNDC2 promotes ferroptosis and contributes to doxorubicin-induced cardiomyopathy. [Abstract]2022 Sep 6;119(36):e2117396119. PMID: 36037337 -
Int J Biol Macromol
Polysaccharide from Strongylocentrotus nudus eggs regulates intestinal epithelial autophagy through CD36/PI3K-Akt pathway to ameliorate inflammatory bowel disease. [Abstract]2023 Jul 31:244:125373. PMID: 37327932 -
Cell Death Discov
RIPK1 S213E mutant suppresses RIPK1-dependent cell death by preventing interactions with RIPK3 and CASP8. [Abstract]2025 Jul 25;11(1):345. PMID: 40715038 -
Cell Death Discov
RIPK1 inhibitor ameliorates pulmonary injury by modulating the function of neutrophils and vascular endothelial cells. [Abstract]2024 Mar 23;10(1):152. PMID: 38521771 -
Cell Rep
TCF25 serves as a nutrient sensor to orchestrate metabolic adaptation and cell death by enhancing lysosomal acidification under glucose starvation. [Abstract]2025 Aug 21;44(9):116186. PMID: 40844875 -
J Med Chem
Potent Benzothiazole-Triazole RIPK1/RIPK3 Dual-Targeting Inhibitors for the Treatment of Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome. [Abstract]2026 May 28;69(10):12449-12467. PMID: 42096648 -
J Med Chem
Development and Preclinical Evaluation of Novel F-18-Labeled Dihydropyrazole RIPK1 PET Tracers for Neuroinflammation Imaging. [Abstract]2025 Dec 11;68(23):25590-25606. PMID: 41266996 -
J Med Chem
Bardoxolone Derivatives as Novel Pseudo-Natural Necroptosis Inhibitors by Destabilizing HSP90 Client Proteins. [Abstract]2025 Apr 30. PMID: 40307003 -
J Med Chem
Targeting Receptor-Interacting Protein Kinase 1 by Novel Benzothiazole Derivatives: Treatment of Acute Lung Injury through the Necroptosis Pathway. [Abstract]2023 Apr 13;66(7):5261-5278. PMID: 36908007 -
J Med Chem
Structure-Based Design of Novel Alkynyl Thio-Benzoxazepinone Receptor-Interacting Protein Kinase-1 Inhibitors: Extending the Chemical Space from the Allosteric to ATP Binding Pockets. [Abstract]2023 Feb 23;66(4):3073-3087. PMID: 36724216 -
J Med Chem
Discovery of a Trifluoromethoxy Cyclopentanone Benzothiazole Receptor-Interacting Protein Kinase 1 Inhibitor as the Treatment for Alzheimer's Disease. [Abstract]2022 Nov 10;65(21):14957-14969. PMID: 36288088 -
Oncoimmunology
2025 Dec;14(1):2490346. PMID: 40213961 -
JCI Insight
SPOP mediates apoptosis and protects against necroptosis by regulating ubiquitination of RIPK1 and RIPK3. [Abstract]2025 Oct 22;10(20):e180655. PMID: 41122967 -
Biomater Adv
Etoposide-loaded lipopolymer nanoparticles promote Smac minetic activity against inhibitor of apoptosis protein for glioblastoma treatment. [Abstract]2025 Jan 13:170:214185. PMID: 39879864 -
Biomater Adv
Enhanced activity of AZD5582 and SM-164 in rabies virus glycoprotein-lactoferrin-liposomes to downregulate inhibitors of apoptosis proteins in glioblastoma. [Abstract]2022 Feb:133:112615. PMID: 35525732 -
Eur J Med Chem
Scaffold hopping derived novel benzoxazepinone receptor-interacting protein kinase 1 (RIP1) inhibitors as anti-necroptosis agents: Anti-inflammatory effect in systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) and epilepsy. [Abstract]2024 Apr 5:269:116304. PMID: 38484677 -
Eur J Med Chem
Investigation on the chemical space of the substituted triazole thio-benzoxazepinone RIPK1 inhibitors. [Abstract]2022 Jun 5;236:114345. PMID: 35398729 -
Eur J Med Chem
Structure-based bioisosterism design of thio-benzoxazepinones as novel necroptosis inhibitors. [Abstract]2021 Aug 5:220:113484. PMID: 33930803 -
Biochem Pharmacol
Cabozantinib inhibits necroptosis by targeting MLKL oligomerization and alleviates psoriasis in vivo. [Abstract]2026 Jun:248:117843. PMID: 41747872 -
J Ethnopharmacol
The traditional herb Sargentodoxa cuneata alleviates DSS-induced colitis by attenuating epithelial barrier damage via blocking necroptotic signaling. [Abstract]2024 Jan 30;319(Pt 3):117373. PMID: 37923253 -
PLoS Pathog
RVFV virulence factor NSs triggers the mitochondrial MCL-1-BAK axis to activate pathogenic NLRP3 pyroptosis. [Abstract]2024 Aug 30;20(8):e1012387. PMID: 39213434 -
Bioorg Chem
2025 Jul 1:161:108503. PMID: 40328155 -
Bioorg Chem
Discovery of novel 5-phenylpyrazol receptor interacting protein 1(RIP1) kinase inhibitors as anti-necroptosis agents by combining virtual screening and in vitro and in vivo experimental evaluations. [Abstract]2024 Jan:142:106964. PMID: 37976678 -
Bioorg Chem
Analysis on benzothiazole necroptosis inhibitors with chiral substitutions in the solvent-accessible region of RIP kinase domain. [Abstract]2023 Aug:137:106647. PMID: 37270986 -
Bioorg Chem
Profiling of the chemical space on the phenyl group of substituted benzothiazole RIPK3 inhibitors. [Abstract]2023 Feb:131:106339. PMID: 36599218 -
Rheumatology (Oxford)
IAPs antagonist SM164 ameliorates experimental MPO-ANCA-associated vasculitis via enhancing fatty acid oxidation in neutrophils. [Abstract]2023 Jul 5;62(7):2563-2573. PMID: 36308438 -
Mol Neurobiol
Inhibition of Neural Stem Cell Necroptosis Mediated by RIPK1/MLKL Promotes Functional Recovery After SCI. [Abstract]2023 Apr;60(4):2135-2149. PMID: 36602703 -
J Cell Mol Med
Alleviation of temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis by targeting RIPK1-mediated inflammatory signalling. [Abstract]2024 Mar;28(5):e17929. PMID: 37643315 -
J Inflamm Res
Cell Death-Related Genesets Activity Improved Clinical Concordance and Intrinsically Associated with Alterations in Ulcerative Colitis: Mucosal Healing at Molecular Depth. [Abstract]2025 Jul 19:18:9587-9608. PMID: 40708727 -
Mol Med Rep
Pristimerin ameliorates colitis‑induced intestinal mucosal injury by inhibiting intestinal epithelial necroptosis. [Abstract]2025 Jun;31(6):153. PMID: 40211716 -
Bioorg Med Chem
2024 Mar 15:102:117659. PMID: 38442525 -
Bioorg Med Chem
Discovery of novel biaryl benzoxazepinones as dual-mode receptor-interacting protein kinase-1 (RIPK1) inhibitors. [Abstract]2024 Feb 15:100:117611. PMID: 38309200 -
Bioorg Med Chem
Scaffold hopping derived novel benzoxazepinone RIPK1 inhibitors as anti-necroptosis agents. [Abstract]2023 Aug 15:91:117385. PMID: 37364415 -
Biomed Res Int
2019 Apr 7:2019:2121357. PMID: 31080811
SM-164 hydrochloride purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Biomed Res Int. 2019 Apr 7:2019:2121357. [Abstract]
The mouse alveolar epithelium cell line MLE12 is exposed to SM-164 for 24h with or without LPS for 24h. RIPK3 and MLKL are downregulated along with the inhibition of cIAP2 by SM-164 during LPS-induced ARDS.
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Curr Protoc
2021 Jun;1(6):e156. PMID: 34106523 -
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Georg Thieme Verlag KG
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Solvent & Solubility
H2O : ≥ 106 mg/mL (91.55 mM)
* "≥" means soluble, but saturation unknown.
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (sealed storage, away from moisture). When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.
* Note: If you choose water as the stock solution, please dilute it to the working solution, then filter and sterilize it with a 0.22 μm filter before use.
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (sealed storage, away from moisture). When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.
* Note: If you choose water as the stock solution, please dilute it to the working solution, then filter and sterilize it with a 0.22 μm filter before use.
Concentration (start) × Volume (start) = Concentration (final) × Volume (final)
For the following dissolution methods, please prepare the working solution directly:
It is recommended to prepare fresh solutions and use them promptly within a short period of time.
The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.
Add each solvent one by one: PBS
Solubility: 50 mg/mL (43.18 mM); Clear solution; Need ultrasonic
Protocol
A set of sensitive and quantitative fluorescence polarization (FP)-based assays are developed to determine the binding affinities of our designed Smac mimetics to XIAP BIR3, XIAP containing both BIR2 and BIR3 domains, cIAP-1 BIR3, cIAP-1 containing both BIR2 and BIR3 domains, and cIAP-2 protein. The FP-based assay for XIAP BIR3 protein is measured. Briefly, 5-carboxyfluorescein is coupled to the lysine side chain of a mutated Smac peptide with the sequence (AbuRPFK-Fam) and this fluorescently tagged peptide (named SM5F) is used as the fluorescent tracer in FP-based binding assay to XIAP BIR3. The Kd value of this fluorescent tracer is determined to be 17.9 nM to XIAP BIR3. In competitive binding experiments, a tested compound is incubated with 30 nM of XIAP BIR3 protein and 5 nM of SM5F in the assay buffer (100 mM potassium phosphate, pH 7.5; 100μg/mL bovine gamma globulin; 0.02 % sodium azide)[2].
MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
HCT116 colon cancer cells are treated with SM-164 (1, 10, and 100 nM) alone, TNFα alone, or the combination for 48 h. Cell growth inhibition is determined by a WST assay[2].
MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
Mice[2]
SCID mice (8-10 per group) bearing MDA-MB-231 xenograft tumors are treated i.v. with 1 and 5 mg/kg of SM-164 or 7.5 mg/kg of Taxotere or vehicle control daily, 5 d/wk for 2 wk. Tumor sizes and animal weights are measured thrice a week[2].
MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
Purity & Documentation
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Data Sheet (280 KB)
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SDS (252 KB)
- English - EN (252 KB)
- Français - FR (252 KB)
- Deutsch - DE (252 KB)
- Norwegian - NO (252 KB)
- Español - ES (252 KB)
- Swedish - SV (252 KB)
- Italian - IT (252 KB)
- Korean - KR (252 KB)
- Portuguese - PT (252 KB)
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Handling Instructions (2659 KB)
References
[1]. Sun H, et al. Design, synthesis, and characterization of a potent, nonpeptide, cell-permeable, bivalent Smac mimetic that concurrently targets both the BIR2 and BIR3 domains in XIAP. J Am Chem Soc. 2007 Dec 12;129(49):15279-94. [Content Brief]
[2]. Lu J, et al. SM-164: a novel, bivalent Smac mimetic that induces apoptosis and tumor regression by concurrent removal of the blockade of cIAP-1/2 and XIAP. Cancer Res. 2008 Nov 15;68(22):9384-93. [Content Brief]
Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (sealed storage, away from moisture). When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.
| Optional Solvent | Concentration Solvent Mass | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | 25 mg |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| H2O | 1 mM | 0.8636 mL | 4.3182 mL | 8.6365 mL | 21.5912 mL |
| 5 mM | 0.1727 mL | 0.8636 mL | 1.7273 mL | 4.3182 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.0864 mL | 0.4318 mL | 0.8636 mL | 2.1591 mL | |
| 15 mM | 0.0576 mL | 0.2879 mL | 0.5758 mL | 1.4394 mL | |
| 20 mM | 0.0432 mL | 0.2159 mL | 0.4318 mL | 1.0796 mL | |
| 25 mM | 0.0345 mL | 0.1727 mL | 0.3455 mL | 0.8636 mL | |
| 30 mM | 0.0288 mL | 0.1439 mL | 0.2879 mL | 0.7197 mL | |
| 40 mM | 0.0216 mL | 0.1080 mL | 0.2159 mL | 0.5398 mL | |
| 50 mM | 0.0173 mL | 0.0864 mL | 0.1727 mL | 0.4318 mL | |
| 60 mM | 0.0144 mL | 0.0720 mL | 0.1439 mL | 0.3599 mL | |
| 80 mM | 0.0108 mL | 0.0540 mL | 0.1080 mL | 0.2699 mL |
* Note: If you choose water as the stock solution, please dilute it to the working solution, then filter and sterilize it with a 0.22 μm filter before use.