2. Signaling Pathways
  3. Metabolic Enzyme/Protease
  4. Endogenous Metabolite

Endogenous Metabolite

Endogenous Metabolite

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Endogenous metabolites refer to the collective set of small-molecule chemical substances present within organelles, cells, organs, biological fluids, or entire organisms; their molecular weights are typically less than 1500 Da. These endogenous metabolites—including lipids, amino acids, short peptides, nucleic acids, carbohydrates, alcohols, and organic acids—not only participate in signal transduction governing genomic function but also receive upstream signals from the environment, thereby bridging the interrelationships among genotype, environment, and phenotype. Based on their biological functions, microbial endogenous metabolites can be broadly classified into two categories: primary metabolites and secondary metabolites. Primary metabolites are the core molecules essential for supporting microbial growth and proliferation; they serve to provide energy to the microbes or act as precursors and cofactors for the synthesis of biological macromolecules. In contrast, microbial secondary metabolites are a class of low-molecular-weight products that are not strictly essential for microbial growth. Nevertheless, microbial secondary metabolites include numerous substances—such as antibiotics, anti-tumor agents, and cholesterol-lowering agents—that are of critical importance to human health[1][2][3]. Furthermore, the metabolome of a biological organism is influenced by a variety of endogenous factors, including age, sex, body composition, genetic background, and underlying pathological states. The small-molecule metabolites within an organism are diverse and highly distinct; their levels are typically subject to the synergistic regulation of a vast array of enzymes and transport proteins, undergoing processes of synthesis, transformation, degradation, and compartmentalized distribution. Metabolomics research based on endogenous metabolites has been widely applied in the fields of metabolic disorders, neurodegenerative diseases, cancer, cardiovascular diseases, and infectious diseases, where these metabolites hold potential utility as biomarkers or therapeutic targets[1][2][3].

Endogenous Metabolite Isoform Specific Products:

Endogenous Metabolite Isoform Comparison
Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-W035136
    Meso-tetrakis(4-aminophenyl)porphyrin
    		≥98.0%
    Meso-tetrakis(4-aminophenyl)porphyrin (IV) is a porphyrin derivative.
    Meso-tetrakis(4-aminophenyl)porphyrin
  • HY-113147
    L-Palmitoylcarnitine
    		99.88%
    L-Palmitoylcarnitine, a long-chain acylcarnitine and a fatty acid metabolite, accumulates in the sarcolemma and deranges the membrane lipid environment during ischaemia. L-Palmitoylcarnitine inhibits KATP channel activity, without affecting the single channel conductance, through interaction with Kir6.2.
    L-Palmitoylcarnitine
  • HY-76847S
    Chenodeoxycholic Acid-d4
    		99.94%
    Chenodeoxycholic Acid-d4 is the deuterium labeled Chenodeoxycholic Acid. Chenodeoxycholic Acid is a hydrophobic primary bile acid that activates nuclear receptors (FXR) involved in cholesterol metabolism.
    Chenodeoxycholic Acid-d<sub>4</sub>
  • HY-18569S
    3-Indoleacetic acid-d5
    		99.76%
    3-Indoleacetic acid-d5 is the deuterium labeled 3-Indoleacetic acid (HY-18569). 3-Indoleacetic acid-d5 can be used as internal standard for assay of IAA releases by alkaline hydrolysis of ester and amide conjugates.
    3-Indoleacetic acid-d<sub>5</sub>
  • HY-NP155
    Histone (calf thymus)
    Histone (calf thymus) is a histone found in the deoxyribonucleoprotein of calf thymus and can be obtained by acid extraction technique.
    Histone (calf thymus)
  • HY-W012980
    Isovaleric acid
    		≥98.0%
    Isovaleric acid is an oral active short-chain fatty acid that inhibits osteoclast differentiation by stimulating AMPK phosphorylation and promotes colonic smooth muscle relaxation by activating the cAMP/PKA pathway. Isovaleric acid can be used in research on skeletal diseases (such as osteoporosis) and intestinal disorders.
    Isovaleric acid
  • HY-126573
    Trilaurin
    		99.78%
    Trilaurin is an orally active triglyceride. Trilaurin inhibits DMBA-induced, croton oil-promoted skin tumor formation in Swiss Webster mice. Trilaurin increases plasma high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and apolipoprotein A-I concentrations. Trilaurin is used as an occlusive skin conditioning agent and/or non-aqueous thickener in cosmetics.
    Trilaurin
  • HY-Y1644
    (E)-Crotonic acid
    		99.71%
    NSC 8751 (trans-2-Butenoic acid; trans-Crotonic acid) is an unsaturated carboxylic acid compound containing α,β-unsaturated carboxylic acid groups. NSC 8751 is one of the important analogs for evaluating the safety of fragrance ingredients and is used to evaluate the toxicological properties of compounds with similar structures. When NSC 8751 is applied to local lymph nodes, a 50% concentration does not cause skin sensitization. Structural analogs of NSC 8751 have been shown to be non-genotoxic. trans-Crotonic acid can be used in the preparation of cosmetics and food additives.
    (E)-Crotonic acid
  • HY-112016
    C20 Ceramide (d18:1/20:0)
    		99.11%
    C20 Ceramide (d18:1/20:0) (N-Arachidoyl-D-sphingosine) is a natural 20:0 ceramide and a N-acylsphingosine in which the ceramide N-acyl group is specified as eicosanoyl. C20 Ceramide (d18:1/20:0) acts as a key signal molecule mediating biological processes.
    C20 Ceramide (d18:1/20:0)
  • HY-P1333
    Dynorphin A
    		99.09%
    Dynorphin A is an endogenous opioid peptide involved in inhibitory neurotransmission in the central nervous system (CNS). Dynorphin A is a highy potent kappa opioid receptor (KOR) agonist, and is also an agonist for other opioid receptors, such as mu (MOR) and delta (DOR). Dynorphin A can induce neuronal death, and can be used in the research of neurological disease.
    Dynorphin A
  • HY-151223
    D-Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate
    		99.84%
    D-Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate (Triose phosphate) is a common molecule in living organisms and is an important intermediate in glycolysis and gluconeogenesis, as well as a sugar product of the Calvin cycle. D-Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate is involved in the biosynthesis of tryptophan and thiamin. D-Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate is released as aldehyde by aldolase or triose phosphate isomerase. D-Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate forms adducts with thiols.
    D-Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate
  • HY-112530
    1,2-Distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphorylethanolamine
    		99.98%
    1,2-Distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphorylethanolamine (DSPE) is a phosphoethanolamine (PE) lipid that can be used in the synthesis of liposomes.
    1,2-Distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphorylethanolamine
  • HY-103332
    N-Arachidonylglycine
    		99.45%
    N-Arachidonylglycine (NA-Gly), a carboxylic analog of the endocannabinoid anandamide (AEA), is a GPR18 agonist (EC50 = 44.5 nM). Unlike AEA, N-Arachidonylglycine has no activity at either CB1 or CB2 receptors. N-Arachidonylglycine inhibits GLYT2 (IC50 = 5.1 μM). N-Arachidonylglycine also is an effective activator of endometrial cell migration.
    N-Arachidonylglycine
  • HY-W014102
    L-Alanyl-L-glutamine
    		99.90%
    L-Alanyl-L-glutamine, a glutamine dipeptide, is benefit for the antioxidant system, attenuating inflammation, and may modulate the heat shock protein (HSP) response in catabolic situations.
    L-Alanyl-L-glutamine
  • HY-N7910
    Stachyose
    		99.68%
    Stachyose, a kind of oligosaccharides, act as a hypoglycemic agent.
    Stachyose
  • HY-N0830S2
    Palmitic acid-d31
    		99.56%
    Palmitic acid-d31 is the deuterium labeled Palmitic acid. Palmitic acid is a long-chain saturated fatty acid commonly found in both animals and plants. PA can induce the expression of glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78) and CCAAT/enhancer binding protein homologous protein (CHOP) in in mouse granulosa cells.
    Palmitic acid-d<sub>31</sub>
  • HY-15762
    Valdecoxib
    		99.89%
    Valdecoxib is a highly potent and selective inhibitor of COX-2, with IC50s of 5 nM and 140 μM for COX-2 and COX-1, respeceively. Valdecoxib can be used in the research of arthritis and pain.
    Valdecoxib
  • HY-33212
    D-N-Acetylgalactosamine
    		98.0%
    D-N-Acetylgalactosamine is an endogenous metabolite.
    D-N-Acetylgalactosamine
  • HY-107953
    Chorionic gonadotrophin
    Chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG) is a gonadotropin that can be isolated from the anterior pituitary gland. Chorionic gonadotrophin has potential applications in ovarian and follicular development.
    Chorionic gonadotrophin
  • HY-134427
    Palmitoyl coenzyme A lithium
    		99.87%
    Palmitoyl coenzyme A lithium is an acyl-CoA thioester that can be transported into the mitochondrial matrix via the carnitine shuttle system and is involved in β-oxidation. Palmitoyl coenzyme A lithium can also be used as a substrate for sphingosine biosynthesis.
    Palmitoyl coenzyme A lithium
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity
Endogenous Metabolite Isoform Comparison

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