2. Signaling Pathways
  3. Metabolic Enzyme/Protease
  4. Endogenous Metabolite

Endogenous Metabolite

Endogenous Metabolite

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Endogenous metabolites refer to the collective set of small-molecule chemical substances present within organelles, cells, organs, biological fluids, or entire organisms; their molecular weights are typically less than 1500 Da. These endogenous metabolites—including lipids, amino acids, short peptides, nucleic acids, carbohydrates, alcohols, and organic acids—not only participate in signal transduction governing genomic function but also receive upstream signals from the environment, thereby bridging the interrelationships among genotype, environment, and phenotype. Based on their biological functions, microbial endogenous metabolites can be broadly classified into two categories: primary metabolites and secondary metabolites. Primary metabolites are the core molecules essential for supporting microbial growth and proliferation; they serve to provide energy to the microbes or act as precursors and cofactors for the synthesis of biological macromolecules. In contrast, microbial secondary metabolites are a class of low-molecular-weight products that are not strictly essential for microbial growth. Nevertheless, microbial secondary metabolites include numerous substances—such as antibiotics, anti-tumor agents, and cholesterol-lowering agents—that are of critical importance to human health[1][2][3]. Furthermore, the metabolome of a biological organism is influenced by a variety of endogenous factors, including age, sex, body composition, genetic background, and underlying pathological states. The small-molecule metabolites within an organism are diverse and highly distinct; their levels are typically subject to the synergistic regulation of a vast array of enzymes and transport proteins, undergoing processes of synthesis, transformation, degradation, and compartmentalized distribution. Metabolomics research based on endogenous metabolites has been widely applied in the fields of metabolic disorders, neurodegenerative diseases, cancer, cardiovascular diseases, and infectious diseases, where these metabolites hold potential utility as biomarkers or therapeutic targets[1][2][3].

Endogenous Metabolite Isoform Specific Products:

Endogenous Metabolite Isoform Comparison
Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-Y0191
    α-Pyridone
    		99.88%
    α-Pyridone (2-Pyridone) is an antibacterial agent that plays an important role in the field of biochemical research. α-Pyridone can serve as a scaffold compound to synthesize a variety of active compounds.
    α-Pyridone
  • HY-18260R
    Bisphenol A (Standard)
    Bisphenol A (Standard) is the analytical standard of Bisphenol A. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Bisphenol A is a phenolic, organic synthetic compound widely used in the production of polycarbonate plastics and epoxy resins. Bisphenol A is a reproductive, developmental, and systemic toxicant, often classified as an endocrine-disrupting compound (EDC). Bisphenol A is associated with many diseases, including cardiovascular diseases, respiratory diseases, diabetes, kidney diseases, obesity, and reproductivedisorders.
    Bisphenol A (Standard)
  • HY-B1038
    L-Cysteine methyl ester hydrochloride
    		98.0%
    L-Cysteine methyl ester hydrochloride is an antitussive, phlegmolytic agent used to relieve breathing difficulties caused by large amounts of phlegm. L-Cysteine methyl ester hydrochloride is a copper corrosion inhibitor used in various industrial studies.
    L-Cysteine methyl ester hydrochloride
  • HY-110036
    GW-405833
    		Inhibitor 98.91%
    GW-405833 (L768242) is a potent, selective cannabinoid receptor 2 (CB2) agonist. GW405833 has EC50 and Ki values ​​of 0.65 nM and 3.92 nM for CB2, and EC50 and Ki values ​​of 16.1 μM and 4772 nM for CB1. GW-405833 also exhibits non-competitive CB1 antagonist, exerting its analgesic and and anti-inflammatory effect through a CB1 receptor (rather than CB2) dependent mechanism. GW-405833 can significantly inhibit the production of cAMP stimulated by Forskolin (HY-15371). GW405833 inhibits glycolysis by down-regulating HIF-1α, thereby alleviating acute liver failure (ALF).
    GW-405833
  • HY-113299
    Metanephrine
    		99.75%
    Metanephrine is the O-methylated metabolite of epinephrine that can be used for the research of diagnosis of pheochromocytoma.
    Metanephrine
  • HY-P2871
    α-Galactosidase, Aspergillus niger
    α-Galactosidase, Aspergillus niger (EC 3.2.1.22), that is, α-galactosidase, is a glycoside hydrolase that widely exists in animals, plants and microorganisms, and is often used in biochemical research. α-Galactosidase catalyzes the hydrolysis of α-1,6-linked terminal galactose residues, including galactooligosaccharides, galactomannans, and galactolipids. Catalyzes many catabolic processes including cleavage of glycoproteins, glycolipids and polysaccharides.
    α-Galactosidase, Aspergillus niger
  • HY-W016647
    For-Met-OH
    		99.70%
    For-Met-OH (N-Formylmethionine) can be involved in the translation process of bacteria, chloroplasts, and mitochondria. For-Met-OH plays different roles in different species and organelles, such as promoting the formation of protein complexes in mitochondria and acting as a degradation signal in bacteria and yeast. The level of For-Met-OH is closely related to certain diseases, for example, For-Met-OH is a potential biomarker for metabolic disorders and poor prognosis in critically ill patients.
    For-Met-OH
  • HY-W007752
    3-Oxopentanedioic acid
    		98.50%
    3-Oxopentanedioic acid is a dicarboxylic acid that is easily brominated. 3-Oxopentanedioic acid can be used as an intermediate in organic chemical synthesis.
    3-Oxopentanedioic acid
  • HY-135416
    Streptolysin O
    Streptolysin O, a group A streptococcal toxin, is a well-characterized oxygen-labile prototype of a cholesterol-binding bacterial exotoxin. Streptolysin O causes both lysis of cells and cardiotoxicity. Streptolysin O is widely used for the controlled permeabilization of cell membranes. Streptolysin O exists in two forms, a reduced active state and an oxidized reversibly inactive state.
    Streptolysin O
  • HY-N2149A
    Tomatidine hydrochloride
    		99.70%
    Tomatidine hydrochloride acts as an anti-inflammatory agent by blocking NF-κB and JNK signaling. Tomatidine hydrochloride activates autophagy either in mammal cells or C elegans.
    Tomatidine hydrochloride
  • HY-Y0504
    Trimethylammonium chloride
    		98.0%
    Trimethylammonium chloride (Hegzadesil) is a non-competitive Acetylcholinesterase inhibitor. Trimethylammonium chloride reversibly blocks the deacetylation of acetylcholinesterase.
    Trimethylammonium chloride
  • HY-133026
    N-Acetylcarnosine
    		99.92%
    N-Acetylcarnosine, a natural histidine-containing dipeptide, is a source of pharmacological principal L-carnosine. N-Acetylcarnosine is a potent ophthalmic agent in human cataracts.
    N-Acetylcarnosine
  • HY-151240
    Galactosylceramide
    		≥98.0%
    Galactosylceramide (GalC) is a galactosylceramide that has been implicated in many physiological and pathological phenomena. For example, important lysosomal storage disorders such as Gaucher disease (GD) and neurodegenerative diseases are characterized by GlcCer accumulation.
    Galactosylceramide
  • HY-N0830S5
    Palmitic acid-d3
    		99.80%
    Palmitic acid-d3 is the deuterium labeled Palmitic acid. Palmitic acid is a long-chain saturated fatty acid commonly found in both animals and plants. PA can induce the expression of glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78) and CCAAT/enhancer binding protein homologous protein (CHOP) in in mouse granulosa cells.
    Palmitic acid-d<sub>3</sub>
  • HY-113402A
    Gamma-glutamylcysteine TFA
    Gamma-glutamylcysteine TFA (γ-Glu-Cys TFA) is an orally active, blood-brain barrier permeable dipeptide. Gamma-glutamylcysteine TFA activates AMPK, SIRT1, IL-4/STAT6, AC/cAMP/PI3K, IGF-1R/IRS1/PI3K, and Nrf2 signaling pathways; it inhibits NF-κB, JAK1/STAT1/3, MAPKs, cadmium-induced p38 MAPK, JNK, and PI3K/Akt signaling pathways. Gamma-glutamylcysteine TFA regulates macrophage polarization, modulates the trafficking of CD36 and GLUT4, induces glutathione synthesis, improves metabolic dysfunction, reduces lipid deposition, ameliorates glucose homeostasis, inhibits apoptosis (Apoptosis), stabilizes mitochondria, suppresses lipid peroxidation, iron accumulation and ferroptosis (Ferroptosis), reduces ds-HMGB1 levels, reverses mechanical hyperalgesia, and alleviates hepatic lipid droplet formation. Gamma-glutamylcysteine TFA is applicable to research related to inflammatory bowel disease, type 2 diabetes, cadmium-induced neurotoxicity, Alzheimer's disease, cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury, neuropathy, and alcoholic liver disease.
    Gamma-glutamylcysteine TFA
  • HY-108213R
    Inosinic acid (Standard)
    Inosinic acid (Standard) is the analytical standard of Inosinic acid. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Inosinic acid is an endogenous metabolite. Inosinic acid is an endogenous metabolite. Inosinic acid is used as umami tastant, or as the dietary supplement to improve the yield and meat quality of pigs.
    Inosinic acid (Standard)
  • HY-B0451AS7
    Dopamine-d5 hydrochloride
    		99.6%
    Dopamine-d5 (hydrochloride) is the deuterium labeled Dopamine (hydrochloride). Dopamine hydrochloride (ASL279) is a catecholamine neurotransmitter that is produced in the substantia nigra, ventral tegmental area, and hypothalamus of the brain. Dopamine hydrochloride (ASL279) plays several important roles in the brain and body. Dopamine hydrochloride (ASL279) acts through D2 dopamine receptors to induce endocytosis of VEGFR2, which is critical for promoting angiogenesis.
    Dopamine-d<sub>5</sub> hydrochloride
  • HY-Y0337S4
    L-Cysteine-13C3
    		99.9%
    L-Cysteine-13C3 is the 13C-labeled L-Cysteine. L-Cysteine is a conditionally essential amino acid, which acts as a precursor for biologically active molecules such as hydrogen sulphide (H2S), glutathione and taurine. L-Cysteine suppresses ghrelin and reduces appetite in rodents and humans.
    L-Cysteine-<sup>13</sup>C<sub>3</sub>
  • HY-W007970
    H-Phe-Phe-OH
    		99.66%
    H-Phe-Phe-OH is a peptide made of two phenylalanine molecules; Phenylalanine is an essential amino acid and the precursor for the amino acid tyrosine.
    H-Phe-Phe-OH
  • HY-B0504R
    Creatinine (Standard)
    Creatinine (Standard) is the analytical standard of Creatinine. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Creatinine (NSC13123) is an orally active, blood-brain barrier-permeable modulator of GABAA and NMDA receptors, with activities of antioxidation and metabolic regulation. Creatinine is generated via non-enzymatic conversion of creatine and phosphocreatine in muscle. Creatinine serum levels correlate with muscle mass, glomerular filtration rate, and extrarenal clearance, serving as an evaluation biomarker for renal function, muscle mass, and clinical outcomes, and used for perioperative renal risk assessment. In addition, Creatinine can induce specific Cryptococcus species to produce creatinine deiminase and act as their nitrogen source, while it can be secreted via renal tubules. Creatinine is widely used in research related to various diseases such as neurodegenerative diseases, psychiatric disorders, acute kidney injury, chronic kidney disease, and renal failure.
    Creatinine (Standard)
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity
Endogenous Metabolite Isoform Comparison

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