2. Signaling Pathways
  3. Immunology/Inflammation
    Metabolic Enzyme/Protease
    NF-κB
  4. Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)

Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)

Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)

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Reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as superoxide anion (O2-), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and hydroxyl radical (HO•), consist of radical and non-radical oxygen species formed by the partial reduction of oxygen. Cellular ROS are generated endogenously during mitochondrial oxidative metabolism as well as in cellular response to xenobiotics, cytokines, and bacterial invasion.

ROS also activates MAPK pathways by the direct inhibition of MAPK phosphatases. Through PTEN, the PI3K pathway is subject to reversible redox regulation by ROS generated by growth factor stimulation. The activation of autophagy may be a cellular defense mechanism in response to ROS.

Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-170640
    FLT3-IN-29
    		Inhibitor
    FLT3-IN-29 (Compound MY-10) is a FLT3 inhibitor (IC50s: 6.5 and 10.3 nM for FLT3-ITD and FLT3-D835Y mutants). FLT3-IN-29 arrests cell cycle at the G0/G1 phase and efficiently induces Apoptosis. FLT3-IN-29 also reduces reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP). FLT3-IN-29 displays antileukemic activity.
    FLT3-IN-29
  • HY-175852
    Ferroptosis inducer-11
    		Inhibitor
    Ferroptosis inducer-11 is a ferroptosis inducer. Ferroptosis inducer-11 exhibits potent cytotoxicity against HCT-116, NCM-60 and HT-29 cells with IC50 values of 0.43 μM, 3.14 μM and 0.48 μM, respectively. Ferroptosis inducer-11 strongly suppresses GPX4 enzymatic activity with an IC50 of 1.86 μM. Ferroptosis inducer-11 induces ferroptosis, as well as increases intracellular lipid ROS, malondialdehyde (MDA), and Fe2+ levels, while decreasing glutathione (GSH) levels in colon cancer cells. Ferroptosis inducer-11 can be used for the study of colon cancer.
    Ferroptosis inducer-11
  • HY-172523
    CDA-IN-3
    		Inducer
    CDA-IN-3 (NCDI) is an inhibitor of chitin deacetylase (CDA) with anti-parasitic activity. CDA-IN-3 disrupts the chitin metabolism of nematodes, leading to an increase in the level of ROS in nematodes and causing cell damage. CDA-IN-3 has a significant inhibitory effect on all developmental stages of Caenorhabditis elegans. CDA-IN-3 can be used in the research of the anti-infection field .
    CDA-IN-3
  • HY-B0688S1
    Dapsone-d4
    Dapsone-d4 is the deuterium labeled Dapsone. Dapsone (4,4′-Diaminodiphenyl sulfone) is an orally active and blood-brain penetrant sulfonamide antibiotic with bacteriostatic, antimycobacterial and antiprotozoal activities. Dapsone?exerts effective antileprosy activity?and inhibits folate synthesis in cell extracts of?M. leprae. Dapsone is used for dermatologic disorder research, including leprosy, dermatitis herpetiformis, acne vulgaris et al.
    Dapsone-d<sub>4</sub>
  • HY-208247
    Haginin D
    		Inhibitor
    Haginin D is an isoflavonoid phenolic compound found in the stems of Lespedeza homoloba. Haginin D suppresses lipid peroxidation in rat brain homogenates. Haginin D scavenges superoxide anion free radicals. Haginin D can be used in studies of oxidative damage and allergic reactions.
    Haginin D
  • HY-181054
    Mcl-1-IN-21
    		Activator
    Mcl-1-IN-21 is a selective Mcl-1 protein inhibitor. Mcl-1-IN-21 can induce apoptosis, elevate intracellular ROS, reduce mitochondrial membrane potential, exert cytotoxicity against human cervical cancer cells, and inhibit tumor growth in a human cervical cancer xenograft mouse model. Mcl-1-IN-21 can be used for the research of cervical cancer.
    Mcl-1-IN-21
  • HY-122379
    8-Hydroxypinoresinol
    8-Hydroxypinoresinol is a tetrahydrofurofuran lignan that has cytoprotective effects against peroxynitrite-induced LLC-PK1 cell damage.
    8-Hydroxypinoresinol
  • HY-N3071
    Picrasidine I
    		Inhibitor
    Picrasidine I is an anti-inflammatory and anti-osteoclastogenic dimeric alkaloid that can be isolated from Picrasma quassioides. Picrasidine I inducs cell cycle arrest, and triggers cell apoptosis by downregulats ERK and Akt pathways. Picrasidine I inhibits the activation of MAPKs, NF-κB and ROS generation, and suppresses the expression of c-Fos and NFATc1.
    Picrasidine I
  • HY-123454
    SKF1
    		Activator
    SKF1 is a FK506 suppressor, causes a mitochondrially induced death in low salt, concomitant with the release of reactive oxygen species (ROS).
    SKF1
  • HY-N16418
    Epanorin
    		Inhibitor
    Epanorin is a secondary metabolite of the Acarospora lichenic species Epanorin can inhibit cancer cells proliferation, ROS production and induce G0/G1 phase arrest. Epanorin shows antibacterial activity. Epanorin can be used for the researches of cancer and infection, such as breast cancer and S. pneumonia infection.
    Epanorin
  • HY-161783
    HDAC6-IN-45
    		Inhibitor
    HDAC6-IN-45 (Compound 15) is a selective inhibitor for HDAC6 with IC50 of 15.2 nM. HDAC6-IN-45 exhibits neurotrophic through the upregulation of GAP43 and Beta-3 tubulin markers. HDAC6-IN-45 activates the Nrf2 signaling pathway, reduces H2O2-induced ROS production, inhibits apoptosis in PC12, and exhibits neuroprotective efficacy in SCOP-induced zebrafish Alzheimer's Disease models. HDAC6-IN-45 exhibits antioxidant activity and good blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability.
    HDAC6-IN-45
  • HY-108385
    Ochratoxin A-D4
    		Activator
    Ochratoxin A-D4 (Phe-​OTA-D4) is the deuterium labeled Ochratoxin A. Ochratoxin A is an orally active food-borne mycotoxin that can cross the blood-brain barrier. Ochratoxin A is a secondary metabolite of fungi belonging to the genera Aspergillus and Penicillium, and is classified as a Group 2B carcinogen. Ochratoxin A exerts its effects through multiple pathways, including inducing oxidative stress, inhibiting mitochondrial respiration, causing oxidative DNA damage, disrupting the PPAR-γ-CD36 axis, inducing immunosuppression, generating ROS, mediating mitochondria-dependent apoptosis, inhibiting glutamate uptake, triggering demyelination and neuroinflammation, inducing DNA hypomethylation, and inhibiting cell proliferation. Ochratoxin A can induce nephrotoxicity, hepatotoxicity, immunotoxicity, and neurotoxicity, and also exhibits mutagenicity, teratogenicity, and carcinogenicity.
    Ochratoxin A-D4
  • HY-N6953R
    Garcinone D (Standard)
    		Activator
    Garcinone D (Standard) is the analytical standard of Garcinone D (HY-N6953). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Garcinone D is an activator of the STAT3/Cyclin D1 and Nrf2/HO-1 pathways, and an inhibitor of CDK2/CyclinE1 (IC50 for CDK2/CyclinE1 is 28.23 μM). Garcinone D promotes neural stem cell proliferation by activating STAT3 phosphorylation and Cyclin D1 expression and enhancing the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway. In addition, Garcinone D blocks the tumor cell cycle by inhibiting CDK2/CyclinE1. Garcinone D can promote the proliferation of C17.2 neural stem cells and inhibit prostate and breast cancer.
    Garcinone D (Standard)
  • HY-173228
    Anticancer agent 269
    		Activator
    Anticancer agent 269 (Compound 11c) is an orally active caspase-3 activator that promotes ROS generation by activating caspase-3, induces cancer cell apoptosis (Apoptosis), and exhibits significant anticancer activity. It can be used for research in the field of cancer.
    Anticancer agent 269
  • HY-159897
    PAK4-IN-5
    		Inducer
    PAK4-IN-5 (Compound 12i) is a PAK4 inhibitor (IC50: 7.68 nM for PAK4, 1872.01 nM for PAK1). PAK4-IN-5 binds to PAK4 stably via multiple interactions. PAK4-IN-5 inhibits the proliferation and the migratory potential of MDA-MB-231 cells by inhibiting the phosphorylation of PAK4 and LIMK1. PAK4-IN-5 arrests cell cycle in the G0/G1 phase, induces apoptosis and ROS production. LD50: >500 mg/kg for mice (p.o.).
    PAK4-IN-5
  • HY-176284
    OXPHOS-IN-2
    		Activator
    OXPHOS-IN-2 is an orally active OXPHOS inhibitor. OXPHOS-IN-2 exhibits potent inhibitory activity in PC9 (IC50 = 12.3 nM) and Bxpc-3 cells (IC50 = 250 nM in glucose medium, IC50 = 17.5 nM in galactose medium). OXPHOS-IN-2 decreases the NADH/NAD+ ratio and reduces ATP levels. OXPHOS-IN-2 induces tumor cells apoptosis by activating reactive oxygen species (ROS) and downregulating the level of Nrf2. OXPHOS-IN-2 can be used for research on cancer such as non-small cell lung cancer and pancreatic cancer.
    OXPHOS-IN-2
  • HY-170540
    NOX4-IN-1
    		Inhibitor
    NOX4-IN-1 (Compound 14m) is the inhibitor for NADPH oxidase 4 (NOX4), and blocks the generation of ROS. NOX4-IN-1 inhibits TGF-β1/Smad signaling pathway, decreases the expression of fibrosis-related proteins. NOX4-IN-1 inhibits the cell migration of NRK-49F.
    NOX4-IN-1
  • HY-181011
    PROTAC Cdc25 degrader-1
    		Activator
    PROTAC Cdc25 degrader-1 (Compound D3) is an efficient Cdc25 PROTAC degrader. Its DC50 values for Cdc25A, Cdc25B, and Cdc25C are 0.97, 2.02, and 4.67 μM respectively. PROTAC Cdc25 degrader-1 induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in cancer cells and inhibits cell migration ability. PROTAC Cdc25 degrader-1 significantly increases the ROS level. PROTAC Cdc25 degrader-1 can be used for the study of colorectal adenocarcinoma.
    PROTAC Cdc25 degrader-1
  • HY-170658
    AChE-IN-80
    		Inhibitor
    AChE-IN-80 (Compound 1) is an acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitor. AChE-IN-80 can inhibit inflammation and the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in vitro- cultured neurons and microglia, trigger autophagy responses, and block the propagation of β-amyloid (Aβ) fibrils. AChE-IN-80 possesses antioxidant activity and neuroprotective effects and can be used in the study of Alzheimer's disease.
    AChE-IN-80
  • HY-162403
    Antiviral agent 53
    		Activator
    Antiviral agent 53 (Compound (S)-4v) is an antiviral agent that can inhibit the activity of Potato virus Y (PVY) and exhibit excellent curative and protective effects against PVY with EC50 values of 328.6 and 256.1 μg/mL, respectively. Antiviral agent 53 can be used in the research and development of novel pesticides.
    Antiviral agent 53
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity