2. Cell Cycle/DNA Damage Metabolic Enzyme/Protease Anti-infection
  3. DNA/RNA Synthesis Endogenous Metabolite Orthopoxvirus
  4. Thymidine

Thymidine  (Synonyms: DThyd; NSC 21548)

Cat. No.: HY-N1150 Purity: 99.94%
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Thymidine, a specific precursor of deoxyribonucleic acid, is used as a cell synchronizing agent. Thymidine is a DNA synthesis inhibitor that can arrest cell at G1/S boundary, prior to DNA replication.

For research use only. We do not sell to patients.

CAS No. : 50-89-5

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500 mg In-stock
1 g In-stock
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Customer Review

Based on 24 publication(s) in Google Scholar

Other Forms of Thymidine:

Thymidine Related Antibodies

Top Publications Citing Use of Products

    Thymidine purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Cell Death Dis. 2025 Sep 29;16(1):673.  [Abstract]

    Thymidine (2.5 mM, 16 h). Immunoblots of TUFT1 in synchronous HeLa cells. Cyclin B1 served as a marker for M phase. GAPDH served as a loading control.

    Thymidine purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Adv Sci (Weinh). 2024 Dec;11(45):e2405441.  [Abstract]

    IB analysis of WCL derived from T24 cells synchronized at the late G1/S boundary by double-thymidine block, following by releasing back into the cell cycle for the indicated times.

    Thymidine purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Nat Struct Mol Biol. 2024 May 20.  [Abstract]

    Cell viability in day 2 and UMP and dTMP levels were examined in shCtrl and shHES4 A549 cells supplemented with or without 200 μM choline chloride, 50 μM betaine, 2 mM serine, 3 mM sodium pyruvate and 100 μM each of uridine (U) and thymidine (T) for 24 has indicated.

    Thymidine purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Adv Sci (Weinh). 2022 Aug;9(22):e2104823.  [Abstract]

    Thymidine (2 mM, 16 h). KG1A cells were synchronized at the G1/S boundary, released into fresh media, and harvested at the indicated times (T/T release).

    Thymidine purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: J Hazard Mater. 2022 Jan 5:421:126815.

    Chromosome segregation image in live HTR-8 cells in control or Thymidine (2 nM, 16 h) treatment and progesterone treatment (after Thymidine treatment).

    View All DNA/RNA Synthesis Isoform Specific Products:

    View All Isoforms
    RNASE L DNA Polymerases RNA Polymerases Helicases DNA Ligase

    View All Endogenous Metabolite Isoform Specific Products:

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    Human Endogenous Metabolite Microbial Metabolite

    • Biological Activity

    • Purity & Documentation

    • References

    • Customer Review

    Description

    Thymidine, a specific precursor of deoxyribonucleic acid, is used as a cell synchronizing agent. Thymidine is a DNA synthesis inhibitor that can arrest cell at G1/S boundary, prior to DNA replication[1][2][3].

    IC50 & Target[2]

    Microbial Metabolite

     

    DNA Synthesis

     

    Human Endogenous Metabolite

     

    Cellular Effect
    Cell Line Type Value Description References
    143B CC50
    0.0006 M
    Compound: Thymidine
    In vitro cell cytotoxicity was determined against 143B cell line
    In vitro cell cytotoxicity was determined against 143B cell line
    		[PMID: 15027876]
    143B CC50
    0.0007 M
    Compound: Thymidine
    In vitro cell cytotoxicity was determined against 143B-LTK cell line
    In vitro cell cytotoxicity was determined against 143B-LTK cell line
    		[PMID: 15027876]
    CCRF-CEM CC50
    10.6 μM
    Compound: 1i
    Cytotoxicity in human CEM/0 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability incubated for 4 to 5 days
    Cytotoxicity in human CEM/0 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability incubated for 4 to 5 days
    		[PMID: 32515595]
    CCRF-CEM EC50
    > 40 μM
    Compound: 3 (d Thd)
    Inhibitory effect against HIV-1 replication in CEM cells.
    Inhibitory effect against HIV-1 replication in CEM cells.
    		[PMID: 7538589]
    CCRF-CEM EC50
    > 40 μM
    Compound: 3 (d Thd)
    Inhibitory effect against HIV-2 replication in CEM /TK-(thymidine kinase deficient) cells.
    Inhibitory effect against HIV-2 replication in CEM /TK-(thymidine kinase deficient) cells.
    		[PMID: 7538589]
    CCRF-CEM EC50
    > 40 μM
    Compound: 3 (d Thd)
    Inhibitory effect against HIV-2 replication in CEM cells.
    Inhibitory effect against HIV-2 replication in CEM cells.
    		[PMID: 7538589]
    HL-60 CC50
    1760 μM
    Compound: beta-L-dT
    Cytotoxicity against human HL60 cells after 3 days by MTT assay
    Cytotoxicity against human HL60 cells after 3 days by MTT assay
    		[PMID: 17404006]
    HeLa IC50
    4000 μM
    Compound: 1
    Inhibitory concentration against HeLa cell proliferation after 72 hours of incubation
    Inhibitory concentration against HeLa cell proliferation after 72 hours of incubation
    		[PMID: 15582414]
    HepG2 CC50
    2100 μM
    Compound: beta-L-dT
    Cytotoxicity against human HepG2 cells after 3 days by MTT assay
    Cytotoxicity against human HepG2 cells after 3 days by MTT assay
    		[PMID: 17404006]
    HepG2 2.2.15 EC50
    0.3 μM
    Compound: beta-L-dT
    Antiviral activity against HBV in HepG2.2.15 cells assessed as decrease in extracellular viral DNA level by RT-PCR
    Antiviral activity against HBV in HepG2.2.15 cells assessed as decrease in extracellular viral DNA level by RT-PCR
    		[PMID: 17404006]
    Huh-7 CC50
    > 200 μg/mL
    Compound: 6
    Cytotoxicity against human HuH7 cells
    Cytotoxicity against human HuH7 cells
    		[PMID: 20863701]
    KBALB-STK CC50
    0.0001 M
    Compound: Thymidine
    In vitro cell cytotoxicity against KBALB-STK cell lines expressed in HSV-1 TK
    In vitro cell cytotoxicity against KBALB-STK cell lines expressed in HSV-1 TK
    		[PMID: 12620076]
    KBALB-STK CC50
    0.00065 M
    Compound: Thymidine
    In vitro cell cytotoxicity was determined against KBALB-STK cell line
    In vitro cell cytotoxicity was determined against KBALB-STK cell line
    		[PMID: 15027876]
    Vero IC50
    0.3 nM
    Compound: Thymidine
    Anti-Herpes simplex virus type-1 activity in vero cells using plaque inhibition assay
    Anti-Herpes simplex virus type-1 activity in vero cells using plaque inhibition assay
    		[PMID: 10464017]
    Vero IC50
    0.4 nM
    Compound: thymidine
    Anti-Herpes simplex virus type-1 activity in vero cells using plaque inhibition assay
    Anti-Herpes simplex virus type-1 activity in vero cells using plaque inhibition assay
    		[PMID: 10464017]
    In Vivo

    Thymidine (500 mg/kg; i.p.; twice a day) completely reverses both Methotrexate- and Tomudex-induced deletion of both CD4+Vβ8+ and CD8+Vβ8+ T cells [3].

    MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

    Animal Model: 8-12 weeks BALB/c mice[3]
    Dosage: 500 mg/kg
    Administration: i.p.; twice a day
    Result: Completely abrogates Methotrexate- and Tomudex-induced deletion of Vβ8+ T cells after SEB injection.
    Clinical Trial
    Molecular Weight

    242.23

    Formula

    C10H14N2O5
    CAS No.
    Appearance

    Solid

    Color

    White to off-white

    SMILES

    O[C@H]1C[C@H](N2C(NC(C(C)=C2)=O)=O)O[C@@H]1CO
    Structure Classification
    Initial Source
    Shipping

    Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.
    Storage
    Powder -20°C 3 years
    4°C 2 years
    In solvent -80°C 6 months
    -20°C 1 month
    Solvent & Solubility
    In Vitro: 

    DMSO : 50 mg/mL (206.42 mM; Need ultrasonic; Hygroscopic DMSO has a significant impact on the solubility of product, please use newly opened DMSO)

    H2O : 33.33 mg/mL (137.60 mM; Need ultrasonic)

    Preparing
    Stock Solutions
    Concentration Solvent Mass 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg
    1 mM 4.1283 mL 20.6415 mL 41.2831 mL
    5 mM 0.8257 mL 4.1283 mL 8.2566 mL
    View the Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

    * Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
    Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.

    * Note: If you choose water as the stock solution, please dilute it to the working solution, then filter and sterilize it with a 0.22 μm filter before use.

    • Molarity Calculator

    • Dilution Calculator

    Mass (g) = Concentration (mol/L) × Volume (L) × Molecular Weight (g/mol)

    Mass
    =
    Concentration
    ×
    Volume
    ×
    Molecular Weight *

    Concentration (start) × Volume (start) = Concentration (final) × Volume (final)

    This equation is commonly abbreviated as: C1V1 = C2V2

    Concentration (start)

    C1

    ×
    Volume (start)

    V1

    =
    Concentration (final)

    C2

    ×
    Volume (final)

    V2

    In Vivo:

    For the following dissolution methods, please prepare the working solution directly. It is recommended to prepare fresh solutions and use them promptly within a short period of time.
    The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.

    • Protocol 1

      Add each solvent one by one:  PBS

      Solubility: 20 mg/mL (82.57 mM); Clear solution; Need ultrasonic and warming and heat to 60°C

    In Vivo Dissolution Calculator
    Please enter the basic information of animal experiments:

    Dosage

    mg/kg

    Animal weight
    (per animal)

    g

    Dosing volume
    (per animal)

    μL

    Number of animals

    Recommended: Prepare an additional quantity of animals to account for potential losses during experiments.
    Calculation results:
    Working solution concentration: mg/mL
    This product has good water solubility, please refer to the measured solubility data in water/PBS/Saline for details.
    The concentration of the stock solution you require exceeds the measured solubility. The following solution is for reference only.If necessary, please contact MedChemExpress (MCE).
    Purity & Documentation

    Purity: 99.96%

    SDS (396 KB)

    COA (252 KB) LCMS (107 KB)

    Handling Instructions (2659 KB)
    References

    Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

    * Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
    Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.

    Optional Solvent Concentration Solvent Mass 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg 25 mg
    H2O / DMSO 1 mM 4.1283 mL 20.6415 mL 41.2831 mL 103.2077 mL
    5 mM 0.8257 mL 4.1283 mL 8.2566 mL 20.6415 mL
    10 mM 0.4128 mL 2.0642 mL 4.1283 mL 10.3208 mL
    15 mM 0.2752 mL 1.3761 mL 2.7522 mL 6.8805 mL
    20 mM 0.2064 mL 1.0321 mL 2.0642 mL 5.1604 mL
    25 mM 0.1651 mL 0.8257 mL 1.6513 mL 4.1283 mL
    30 mM 0.1376 mL 0.6881 mL 1.3761 mL 3.4403 mL
    40 mM 0.1032 mL 0.5160 mL 1.0321 mL 2.5802 mL
    50 mM 0.0826 mL 0.4128 mL 0.8257 mL 2.0642 mL
    60 mM 0.0688 mL 0.3440 mL 0.6881 mL 1.7201 mL
    80 mM 0.0516 mL 0.2580 mL 0.5160 mL 1.2901 mL
    100 mM 0.0413 mL 0.2064 mL 0.4128 mL 1.0321 mL

    * Note: If you choose water as the stock solution, please dilute it to the working solution, then filter and sterilize it with a 0.22 μm filter before use.

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    Thymidine Related Classifications

    Help & FAQs
    • Do most proteins show cross-species activity?

      Species cross-reactivity must be investigated individually for each product. Many human cytokines will produce a nice response in mouse cell lines, and many mouse proteins will show activity on human cells. Other proteins may have a lower specific activity when used in the opposite species.

    Keywords:

    Thymidine50-89-5DThyd NSC 21548NSC21548NSC 21548NSC-21548DNA/RNA SynthesisEndogenous MetaboliteOrthopoxvirusprecursorsynchronizingarrestDNAreplicationInhibitorinhibitorinhibit

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