Alternariol 

Alternariol is an orally ingested mycotoxin produced by Alternaria, capable of inhibiting the activity of topoisomerase I and II (topoisomerase I, topoisomerase II). Alternariol has weak estrogenic (Estrogen Receptor/ERR) and androgen/antiandrogen (Androgen Receptor) effects. Alternariol can induce apoptosis, trigger cell cycle arrest, suppress innate immune responses, and exhibit anti-tumor activity. Alternariol has genotoxic, mutagenic, and endocrine-disrupting effects^{[1][2][3][4][5]}.

Alternariol (10 μM, 24 h) inhibits the innate immune response of human lung epithelial cells (BEAS-2B) and mouse macrophages (RAW264.7)^[2].
Alternariol (5-10 μM, 24 h) dose-dependently reduces inflammation in BEAS-2B cells induced by LPS (HY-D1056, 10 µg) ^[2].
Alternariol (1-100 μM, 24 h) inhibits the proliferation of BEAS-2B cells and induces cell cycle arrest^[2].
Alternariol (10 μM, 24 h) induces HPRT and TK mutations in V79 cells and mouse lymphoma L5178Y tk+/− cells (MLC)^[3].

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

Alternariol (1-5 mg/kg, intravenous injectionon, daily, 4 days) has embryotoxic and immunotoxic effects during the embryonic and infant developmental stages in mice, inducing apoptosis^[4].
Alternariol (50-200 mg/kg, orally, once daily, 24 weeks) induces cell death and inhibits cell proliferation in DMBA (HY-W011845) induced breast cancer in mice, significantly suppressing breast cancer^[5].

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

258.23

C₁₄H₁₀O₅

641-38-3

Solid

White to light brown

CC1=CC(O)=CC(O2)=C1C3=CC(O)=CC(O)=C3C2=O

Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.

4°C, protect from light

*In solvent : -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (protect from light)

* Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (protect from light). When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.

• [1]. Fliszár-Nyúl E, et al. Interaction of Mycotoxin Alternariol with Serum Albumin. Int J Mol Sci. 2019 May 12;20(9). pii: E2352.  [Content Brief]

  [2]. Grover S, et al. The Alternaria alternate Mycotoxin Alternariol Suppresses Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Inflammation. Int J Mol Sci. 2017 Jul 20;18(7). pii: E1577.  [Content Brief]

  [3]. Eva-Maria Brugger, et al. Mutagenicity of the mycotoxin alternariol in cultured mammalian cells. Toxicol Lett. 2006 Jul 14;164(3):221-30.  [Content Brief]

  [4]. Chien-Hsun Huang, et al. Alternariol exerts embryotoxic and immunotoxic effects on mouse blastocysts through ROS-mediated apoptotic processes. Toxicol Res (Camb). 2021 Jun 16;10(4):719-732.  [Content Brief]

  [5]. Jian Xin, et al. Alternariol alleviates breast carcinoma by inhibiting cellular proliferation correlated with increased apoptotic events in rats. European Journal of Inflammation.Volume 20: 1–13