Flavonols

Quercetin, a natural flavonoid, is a stimulator of recombinant SIRT1 and also a PI3K inhibitor with IC₅₀ of 2.4 μM, 3.0 μM and 5.4 μM for PI3K γ, PI3K δ and PI3K β, respectively.

Kaempferol (Kempferol), a flavonoid found in many edible plants, inhibits estrogen receptor α expression in breast cancer cells and induces apoptosis in glioblastoma cells and lung cancer cells by activation of MEK-MAPK. Kaempferol can be uesd for the research of breast cancer.

Fisetin is a natural flavonol found in many fruits and vegetables with various benefits, such as antioxidant, anticancer, neuroprotection effects.

Rutin (Rutoside) is a flavonoid found in many plants and shows a wide range of biological activities including anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, antioxidant, neuroprotective, nephroprotective, hepatoprotective and reducing Aβ oligomer activities. Rutin is also a CBR1 inhibitor, which can cross the blood brain barrier. Rutin attenuates vancomycin-induced renal tubular cell apoptosis via suppression of apoptosis, mitochondrial dysfunction, and oxidative stress.

Icariin is a flavonol glycoside. Icariin inhibits PDE5 and PDE4 activities with IC₅₀s of 432 nM and 73.50 μM, respectively. Icariin also is a PPARα activator.

Herbacetin-8-O-glucoside (Compound 6) is a flavonoid glucoside, with no activity against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus Rosenbach, and Bacillus subtilis, and no cytotoxicity against cancer cells.

Cyrtominetin is a RANKL inhibitor with favorable ADMET properties. Cyrtominetin competitively blocks the binding of RANKL-RANK and increases the compactness of RANKL. Cyrtominetin can be used in studies related to osteoporosis.

Myricetin 3'-rhamnoside is a flavonoid glycoside found in the leaves and twigs of Clausena excavata Burm. f. (Rutaceae).

Myricetin is a common plant-derived flavonoid with a wide range of activities including strong anti-oxidant, anticancer, antidiabetic and anti-inflammatory activities.

Isoquercetin (Quercetin 3-glucoside) is a naturally occurring polyphenol that has antioxidant, anti-proliferative, and anti-inflammatory properties. Isoquercetin alleviates ethanol-induced hepatotoxicity, oxidative stress, and inflammatory responses via the Nrf2/ARE antioxidant signaling pathway. Isoquercetin regulates the expression of nitric oxide synthase 2 (NO2) via modulating the nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) transcription regulation system. Isoquercetin has high bioavailability and low toxicity, is a promising candidate agent to prevent birth defects in diabetic pregnancies.

Isorhamnetin is a flavonoid compound extracted from the Chinese herb Hippophae rhamnoides L.. Isorhamnetin suppresses skin cancer through direct inhibition of MEK1 and PI3K.

Icaritin (Anhydroicaritin) is a prenylflavonoid derivative from Epimedium brevicornuMaxim. and potently inhibits proliferation of K562 cells (IC₅₀ of 8 µM) and primary CML cells (IC₅₀ of 13.4 µM for CML-CP and 18 µM for CML-BC). Icaritin can regulate MAPK/ERK/JNK and JAK2/STAT3 /AKT signalings, also enhances osteogenesis^[3.

Hyperoside is a NF-κB inhibitor, found from Hypericum monogynum. Hyperoside shows anti-tumor, antifungal, anti-inflammatory, anti-viral, and anti-oxidative activities, and can induce apoptosis.

Quercitrin (Quercetin 3-rhamnoside) is a bioflavonoid compound with potential anti-inflammation, antioxidative and neuroprotective effect. Quercitrin induces apoptosis of colon cancer cells. Quercitrin can be used for the research of cardiovascular and neurological disease research.

Galangin (Norizalpinin) is an agonist/antagonist of the arylhydrocarbon receptor. Galangin (Norizalpinin) also shows inhibition of CYP1A1 activity.

Astragalin (Astragaline) a flavonoid with anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anticancer, bacteriostatic activity. Astragalin inhibits cancer cells proliferation and migration, induces apoptosis. Astragalin is orally active and provides nerve and heart protection, and resistance against and osteoporosis.

Baohuoside I, a flavonoid isolated from Epimedium koreanum Nakai, acts as an inhibitor of CXCR4, downregulates CXCR4 expression, induces apoptosis and shows anti-tumor activity.

Morin is an orally active plant-derived flavonoid. Morin inhibits ROS generation. Morin induces Apoptosis. Morin inhibits PTP1B (IC₅₀ of 15 μM) and activates the insulin receptor. Morin has a detoxifying effect. Morin can be used in diabetes, leukemia, colon cancer, cervical cancer, Parkinson's disease and hypertension research.

Miquelianin (Quercetin 3-O-glucuronide) is a metabolite of quercetin and a type of natural flavonoid. Miquelianin is also a CBR1 inhibitor. Miquelianin is permeable to the blood-brain barrier.

Troxerutin, also known as vitamin P4, is a tri-hydroxyethylated derivative of natural bioflavonoid rutins which can inhibit the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and depress ER stress-mediated NOD activation.