Cat. No.: HY-N0382

Galangin

(Synonyms: Norizalpinin; 3,5,7-Trihydroxyflavone)

19 Cited Publications

Customer Review

Based on 19 publication(s) in Google Scholar

Galangin (Norizalpinin) is an agonist/antagonist of the arylhydrocarbon receptor. Galangin (Norizalpinin) also shows inhibition of CYP1A1 activity.

For research use only. We do not sell to patients.

Purity: 99.99%
CAS No.: 548-83-4
Formula: C₁₅H₁₀O₅
Molecular Weight:270.24

Storage:

Powder -20°C, 3 years , 4°C, 2 years ; In solvent -80°C, 1 year , -20°C, 6 months

Galangin Chemical Structure

CAS No.: 548-83-4

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Biological Activity
- Description
- IC₅₀ & Target
- Cellular Effect
- In Vitro
Chemical Information
Publications (19)
Solvent & Solubility
- In Vitro
- In Vivo
Protocol
Purity & Documentation
References
Help & FAQs
Bioz

Biological Activity

Description

Galangin (Norizalpinin) is an agonist/antagonist of the arylhydrocarbon receptor. Galangin (Norizalpinin) also shows inhibition of CYP1A1 activity.

IC₅₀ & Target

CYP1

All Cytochrome P450 Isoforms :

Cellular Effect

Cell Line	Type	Value	Description	References
A-431	IC₅₀	39.45 μg/mL Compound: 6	Cytotoxicity against human A431 cells Cytotoxicity against human A431 cells	[PMID: 19027298]
A549	EC₅₀	93.6 μM Compound: 4	Antiproliferative activity against human A549 cells after 72 hrs by MTT assay Antiproliferative activity against human A549 cells after 72 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 12027739]
A549	IC₅₀	54.21 μg/mL Compound: 6	Cytotoxicity against human A549 cells Cytotoxicity against human A549 cells	[PMID: 19027298]
B16	IC₅₀	17 μM Compound: 6	Inhibition of melanogenesis in theophylline-stimulated mouse B16-4A5 cells after 72 hrs Inhibition of melanogenesis in theophylline-stimulated mouse B16-4A5 cells after 72 hrs	[PMID: 19615910]
B16-4A5	IC₅₀	100 μM Compound: 6	Inhibition of theophylline-stimulated mouse B16-4A5 cell proliferation assessed as cell viability after 68 hrs by WST8 assay Inhibition of theophylline-stimulated mouse B16-4A5 cell proliferation assessed as cell viability after 68 hrs by WST8 assay	[PMID: 19615910]
B16-BL6	EC₅₀	26.8 μM Compound: 4	Antiproliferative activity against mouse B16-BL6 cells after 72 hrs by MTT assay Antiproliferative activity against mouse B16-BL6 cells after 72 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 12027739]
B16-F10	IC₅₀	>200 μM Compound: 2	Cytotoxicity against mouse B16-F10 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability incubated for 72 hrs by XTT assay Cytotoxicity against mouse B16-F10 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability incubated for 72 hrs by XTT assay	[PMID: 27720556]
CHO	IC₅₀	26.96 μg/mL Compound: 6	Cytotoxicity against CHO cells Cytotoxicity against CHO cells	[PMID: 19027298]
COLO 205	IC₅₀	33.14 μg/mL Compound: 6	Cytotoxicity against human COLO205 cells Cytotoxicity against human COLO205 cells	[PMID: 19027298]
H9	EC₅₀	28 μM Compound: 18	Antiviral activity against HIV1 3B infected in human H9 cells assessed as inhibition of viral replication after 3 days by p24 antigen capture assay Antiviral activity against HIV1 3B infected in human H9 cells assessed as inhibition of viral replication after 3 days by p24 antigen capture assay	[PMID: 8158164]
H9	IC₅₀	44 μM Compound: 18	Cytotoxicity against human H9 cells after 3 days Cytotoxicity against human H9 cells after 3 days	[PMID: 8158164]
HEK293	IC₅₀	0.45 μM Compound: 19	Inhibition of human TRPC5 expressed in HEK293 cells assessed as reduction in gadolinium-induced calcium entry after 30 mins by fluo-4 dye based fluorescence assay Inhibition of human TRPC5 expressed in HEK293 cells assessed as reduction in gadolinium-induced calcium entry after 30 mins by fluo-4 dye based fluorescence assay	[PMID: 30943030]
HeLa	EC₅₀	79 μM Compound: 4	Antiproliferative activity against human HeLa cells after 72 hrs by MTT assay Antiproliferative activity against human HeLa cells after 72 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 12027739]
HeLa	IC₅₀	>=10 μM Compound: galangin	Cytotoxicity against human HeLa cells by MTT assay Cytotoxicity against human HeLa cells by MTT assay	[PMID: 19278239]
HT-1080	EC₅₀	35.7 μM Compound: 4	Antiproliferative activity against human HT1080 cells after 72 hrs by MTT assay Antiproliferative activity against human HT1080 cells after 72 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 12027739]
Huh-7	CC₅₀	>50 μM Compound: 29	Cytotoxicity against human Huh7.5.1 cells by MTT assay Cytotoxicity against human Huh7.5.1 cells by MTT assay	[PMID: 22445328]
KB	ED₅₀	>100 μg/mL Compound: NSC-407229	Cytotoxicity against human KB cells Cytotoxicity against human KB cells	[PMID: 469554]
L929	EC₅₀	40 μM Compound: galangin	Inhibition of recombinant human TNF-alpha-induced cytotoxicity of mouse L929 cells assessed as survivality preincubated for 15 mins before TNFalpha addition measured after 24 hrs by crystal violet staining Inhibition of recombinant human TNF-alpha-induced cytotoxicity of mouse L929 cells assessed as survivality preincubated for 15 mins before TNFalpha addition measured after 24 hrs by crystal violet staining	[PMID: 9287415]
L929	EC₅₀	50 μM Compound: galangin	Inhibition of recombinant human TNF-alpha-induced cytotoxicity of mouse L929 cells assessed as survivality preincubated for 15 mins before TNFalpha addition measured after 24 hrs by [methyl-3H]thymidine incorporation assay Inhibition of recombinant human TNF-alpha-induced cytotoxicity of mouse L929 cells assessed as survivality preincubated for 15 mins before TNFalpha addition measured after 24 hrs by [methyl-3H]thymidine incorporation assay	[PMID: 9287415]
MCF7	IC₅₀	4.2 μg/mL Compound: Galangin	Antiproliferative activity against human MCF7 cells assessed as inhibition of cell growth incubated for 3 days by beta scintillation counting based [3H]-thymidine incorporation assay Antiproliferative activity against human MCF7 cells assessed as inhibition of cell growth incubated for 3 days by beta scintillation counting based [3H]-thymidine incorporation assay	[PMID: 33257172]
MCF7	IC₅₀	53.08 μg/mL Compound: 6	Cytotoxicity against human MCF7 cells Cytotoxicity against human MCF7 cells	[PMID: 19027298]
Vero	CC₅₀	43.2 μg/mL Compound: galangin	Cytotoxicity against african green monkey Vero cells Cytotoxicity against african green monkey Vero cells	[PMID: 1338212]

In Vitro

Galangin (Norizalpinin)?inhibits the catabolic breakdown of DMBA, as measured by thin-layer chromatography, in a dose-dependent manner.?Galangin?also inhibits the formation of DMBA-DNA adducts, and prevents DMBA-induced inhibition of cell growth.?Galangin?causes a potent, dose-dependent inhibition of?CYP1A1?activity, as measured by ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase?activity, in intact cells and in microsomes isolated from DMBA-treated cells. Analysis of the inhibition kinetics by double-reciprocal plot demonstrates that?galangin?inhibits CYP1A1?activity?in a noncompetitive manner.?Galangin?causes an increase in the level of?CYP1A1?mRNA, indicating that it may be an?agonist?of the?aryl?hydrocarbon?receptor, but it inhibits the induction of?CYP1A1?mRNA by DMBA or by 2,3,5,7-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD).?Galangin?also inhibits the DMBA- or TCDD-induced transcription of a reporter vector containing the?CYP1A1?promoter^[1]. Galangin treatment inhibits cell proliferation and induced autophagy (130 μM) and apoptosis (370 μM). In particular, galangin treatment in HepG2 cells causes (1) an accumulation of autophagosomes, (2) elevated levels of microtubule-associated protein light chain 3, and (3) an increased percentage of cells with vacuoles. p53 expression is also increased. The galangin-induced autophagy is attenuated by the inhibition of p53 in HepG2 cells, and overexpression of p53 in Hep3B cells restored the galangin-induced higher percentage of cells with vacuoles to normal level^[2].

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

Chemical Information

CAS No. 548-83-4
Appearance Solid
Molecular Weight 270.24
Formula C₁₅H₁₀O₅
Color Light yellow to yellow
SMILES

O=C1C(O)=C(C2=CC=CC=C2)OC3=CC(O)=CC(O)=C13
Synonyms

Norizalpinin; 3,5,7-Trihydroxyflavone
Structure Classification
- Flavonoids
- Flavonols
- Phenols
- Polyphenols
Initial Source
- Microorganisms
Shipping

Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.

Storage

Powder	-20°C	3 years
	4°C	2 years
In solvent	-80°C	1 year
	-20°C	6 months

Publications (19)

All Bio/Physico-chemical AssayHistological Imaging/StainingCell Imaging/StainingIn Vivo Efficacy StudyWB

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Journal Impact Factor

Acta Pharm Sin B

Chrysin serves as a novel inhibitor of DGK α/FAK interaction to suppress the malignancy of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). [Abstract]

2021 Jan;11(1):143-155. PMID: 33532186
Microbiome

Maternal intestinal L. vaginalis facilitates embryo implantation and survival through enhancing uterine receptivity in sows. [Abstract]

2025 Jun 18;13(1):145. PMID: 40533850

Galangin purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Microbiome. 2025 Jun 18;13(1):145. [Abstract]

Fluorescence microscopy viewing the attachment of PTCs to endometrial microfluidic chip. Galangin (5 µM; 24 h) could markedly motivate the adhesion of PTCs to endometrial epithelium.
Pharmacol Res

Cardamonin retards progression of autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease via inhibiting renal cyst growth and interstitial fibrosis. [Abstract]

2020 May;155:104751. PMID: 32151678
Food Chem

Effects of sun drying combined with baking processes on the flavor quality of Chongqing Tuocha raw tea. [Abstract]

2025 Dec 30:497:146992. PMID: 41285060
Food Chem

Flavonoid-mediated metabolic underpinning quality variation in red bud-sport pear mutants. [Abstract]

2025 May 31:489:144992. PMID: 40466530
Acta Pharmacol Sin

Galangin, a novel Kv7 potassium channel opener, exerts potent antinociceptive effects in multiple chronic pain mouse models. [Abstract]

2025 Aug 7. PMID: 40775535

Galangin purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Acta Pharmacol Sin. 2025 Aug 7. [Abstract]

Galangin-induced outward currents were normalized to the maximal effect (Emax) value and fitted to a logistic function (n = 6).

Galangin purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Acta Pharmacol Sin. 2025 Aug 7. [Abstract]

Galangin (1.8–30 mg/kg, i.p.) significantly elevated mechanical and thermal pain thresholds in SNI mice in a dose-dependent manner within 1–5 hours after administration.

Galangin purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Acta Pharmacol Sin. 2025 Aug 7. [Abstract]

The reduction in mechanical allodynia induced by Galangin (15 mg/kg; i.p.) was reversed by the blocker XE991 (3 mg/kg).
Phytomedicine

Fangchinoline suppresses nasopharyngeal carcinoma progression by inhibiting SQLE to regulate the PI3K/AKT pathway dysregulation. [Abstract]

2025 May:140:156484. PMID: 40090046
Phytother Res

Phytochemicals targeting ferroptosis in cardiovascular diseases: Recent advances and therapeutic perspectives. [Abstract]

2024 Sep;38(9):4386-4405. PMID: 38973263
Phytother Res

Galangin attenuates doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity via activating nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2/heme oxygenase 1 signaling pathway to suppress oxidative stress and inflammation. [Abstract]

2023 Dec;37(12):5854-5870. PMID: 37655750
Ind Crops Prod

2025 Dec 11;239:122458.
J Agric Food Chem

Galangin Alleviates Intervertebral Disc Degeneration via the Nrf2/NF-κB Pathway. [Abstract]

2025 Oct 15;73(41):26060-26072. PMID: 41043107
Foods

Biochemical Profile and Antioxidant Properties of Propolis from Northern Spain. [Abstract]

2023 Dec 1;12(23):4337. PMID: 38231851
Drug Des Devel Ther

Galangin Attenuates Myocardial Ischemic Reperfusion-Induced Ferroptosis by Targeting Nrf2/Gpx4 Signaling Pathway. [Abstract]

2023 Aug 22:17:2495-2511. PMID: 37637264

Galangin purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Drug Des Devel Ther. 2023 Aug 22:17:2495-2511. [Abstract]

Galangin (Gal, 15 mg/kg; i.p.; 4 days) attenuated myocardial injury after IR in in vivo study. Representative TTC-Evans Blue stained sections of hearts from each group. The non-risk area stained by Evans Blue is indicated in blue, the area at risk (AAR) stained by TTC is indicated in red and white, whereas the unstained (white) area represents the infarcted area (IA). The results revealed a markedly reduced IA/AAR in the IR + Gal group compared with that in the IR group.

Galangin purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Drug Des Devel Ther. 2023 Aug 22:17:2495-2511. [Abstract]

Galangin (Gal, 15 mg/kg; i.p.;4 days) reversed the downregulation of anti-ferroptotic proteins Gpx4 and FTH induced by IR injury in mice.
Drug Des Devel Ther

Galangin Improved Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Mice by Promoting Autophagy. [Abstract]

2020 Aug 19;14:3393-3405. PMID: 32884242
Eur J Pharmacol

Chondroprotective and antiarthritic effects of galangin in osteoarthritis: An in vitro and in vivo study. [Abstract]

2021 Sep 5:906:174232. PMID: 34090897
Microorganisms

Exploring Propolis as a Sustainable Bio-Preservative Agent to Control Foodborne Pathogens in Vacuum-Packed Cooked Ham. [Abstract]

2024 Apr 30;12(5):914. PMID: 38792741
Microorganisms

Antimicrobial Activity of Spanish Propolis against Listeria monocytogenes and Other Listeria Strains. [Abstract]

2023 May 29;11(6):1429. PMID: 37374931
Sci Rep

Exosomes derived from galangin preconditioned mesenchymal stem cells attenuate oxidative stress induced senescence and promote geriatric wound healing. [Abstract]

2026 Apr 30. PMID: 42062410
Am J Transl Res

Galangin attenuates IL-1β-induced catabolism in mouse chondrocytes and ameliorates murine osteoarthritis. [Abstract]

2021 Aug 15;13(8):8742-8753. PMID: 34539991

Solvent & Solubility

In Vitro:

DMSO : 125 mg/mL (462.55 mM; Need ultrasonic; Hygroscopic DMSO has a significant impact on the solubility of product, please use newly opened DMSO)

View the Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

Preparing Stock Solutions

View the Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

Concentration Solvent Mass

1 mg

5 mg

10 mg

Concentration

Solvent

Mass

1 mM

3.7004 mL

18.5021 mL

37.0041 mL

5 mM

0.7401 mL

3.7004 mL

7.4008 mL

10 mM

0.3700 mL

1.8502 mL

3.7004 mL

Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.

Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 1 year; -20°C, 6 months. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 1 year. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 6 months.

Molarity Calculator

Mass (g) = Concentration (mol/L) × Volume (L) × Molecular Weight (g/mol)

Mass Mass

Concentration Concentration

Volume Volume

Molecular Weight Molecular Weight

Dilution Calculator

Concentration _(start) × Volume _(start) = Concentration _(final) × Volume _(final)

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In Vivo:

Select the appropriate dissolution method based on your experimental animal and administration route.

Stock Solution Working Solution

For the following dissolution methods, please ensure to first prepare a clear stock solution using an In Vitro approach and then sequentially add co-solvents:
To ensure reliable experimental results, the clarified stock solution can be appropriately stored based on storage conditions. As for the working solution for In Vivo experiments, it is recommended to prepare freshly and use it on the same day.
The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.

Protocol 1

Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 40% PEG300 5% Tween-80 45% Saline

Solubility: ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (7.70 mM); Clear solution

This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (saturation unknown).

Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (20.8 mg/mL) to 400 μL PEG300, and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 and mix evenly; then add 450 μL Saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL.

In Vivo Dissolution Calculator

Please enter the basic information of animal experiments:

Dosage Dosage
mg/kg
Animal Weight (Per Animal) Animal Weight (Per Animal)
g
Dosing Volume (Per Animal) Dosing Volume (Per Animal)
μL
Number of Animals Number of Animals

Recommended: Prepare an additional quantity of animals to account for potential losses during experiments.

Recommended: Prepare an additional quantity of animals to account for potential losses during experiments.

Please enter your animal formula composition:

%
DMSO +

Recommended: Keep the proportion of DMSO in working solution below 2% if your animal is weak.
%
+
+
%
Tween-80 + +
%
Saline +

The co-solvents required include: DMSO, . All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE). , Tween 80. All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE).

Working solution concentration: 0.22 mg/mL

Protocol

Cell Assay^[2]

Cells (5.0×10³) are seeded and treated with different concentrations of galangin for different periods of time in 96-well plates. The number of viable cells in each well is determined by adding 10 µL of 5 mg/mL MTT solution. Following the 4 hour incubation at 37°C, the cells are dissolved in a 100 µL solution containing 20% SDS and 50% dimethy formamide. The optical densities are quantified at a test wavelength of 570 nm with a reference wavelength of 630 nm using a Varioskan Flash Reader spectrophotometer.

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

Purity & Documentation

Select Batch:

Purity: 99.98%

Assay: 99.98%

ee.: 99.98%

Data Sheet (277 KB)
SDS (393 KB)
- English - EN (393 KB)
- Français - FR (393 KB)
- Deutsch - DE (393 KB)
- Norwegian - NO (393 KB)
- Español - ES (393 KB)
- Swedish - SV (393 KB)
- Italian - IT (393 KB)
- Portuguese - PT (393 KB)
COA (2659 KB)
Elemental Analysis Report (2659 KB)
HNMR (2659 KB)
CNMR (2659 KB)
RP-HPLC (2659 KB)
NP-HPLC (2659 KB)
MS (2659 KB)
LCMS (2659 KB)
IR (2659 KB)
GC (2659 KB)
OR (2659 KB)
SDS-PAGE (2659 KB)
SEC-HPLC (2659 KB)
Other Report (2659 KB)
Handling Instructions (2659 KB)

References

[1]. Ciolino HP, et al. The flavonoid galangin is an inhibitor of CYP1A1 activity and an agonist/antagonist of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor. Br J Cancer. 1999 Mar;79(9-10):1340-6. [Content Brief]

[2]. Wen M, et al. Galangin induces autophagy through upregulation of p53 in HepG2 cells. Pharmacology. 2012;89(5-6):247-55. [Content Brief]

Help & FAQs

How should lyophilized recombinant proteins be reconstituted and stored?

1. Before opening the cap, centrifuge the vial at 13000 rpm for 20-30 seconds. This step will ensure that any lyophilized powder that may have adhered to the cap or walls is collected at the bottom of the vial, minimizing the risk of product loss.

Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 1 year; -20°C, 6 months. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 1 year. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 6 months.

Optional Solvent	Concentration Solvent Mass	1 mg	5 mg	10 mg	25 mg
DMSO	1 mM	3.7004 mL	18.5021 mL	37.0041 mL	92.5104 mL
	5 mM	0.7401 mL	3.7004 mL	7.4008 mL	18.5021 mL
	10 mM	0.3700 mL	1.8502 mL	3.7004 mL	9.2510 mL
	15 mM	0.2467 mL	1.2335 mL	2.4669 mL	6.1674 mL
	20 mM	0.1850 mL	0.9251 mL	1.8502 mL	4.6255 mL
	25 mM	0.1480 mL	0.7401 mL	1.4802 mL	3.7004 mL
	30 mM	0.1233 mL	0.6167 mL	1.2335 mL	3.0837 mL
	40 mM	0.0925 mL	0.4626 mL	0.9251 mL	2.3128 mL
	50 mM	0.0740 mL	0.3700 mL	0.7401 mL	1.8502 mL
	60 mM	0.0617 mL	0.3084 mL	0.6167 mL	1.5418 mL
	80 mM	0.0463 mL	0.2313 mL	0.4626 mL	1.1564 mL
	100 mM	0.0370 mL	0.1850 mL	0.3700 mL	0.9251 mL

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Galangin

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Publications Citing Use of MedChemExpress (MCE) Galangin

All Cytochrome P450 Isoforms

Biological Activity

Chemical Information

Publications (19)

Solvent & Solubility

Protocol

Purity & Documentation

References

Help & FAQs

Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

Galangin Related Classifications

Cat. No.: HY-N0382