2. Signaling Pathways
  3. Apoptosis
  4. Apoptosis

Apoptosis

Apoptosis

Apoptosis

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Apoptosis is a distinctive form of cell death exhibiting specific morphological and biochemical characteristics, including cell membrane blebbing, chromatin condensation, genomic DNA fragmentation, and exposure of specific phagocytosis signaling molecules on the cell surface. Cells undergoing apoptosis differ from those dying through necrosis. Necrotic cells are usually recognized by the immune system as a danger signal and, thus, resulting in inflammation; in contrast, apoptotic death is quiet and orderly.

There are two major pathways of apoptotic cell death induction: The intrinsic pathway, also called the Bcl-2-regulated or mitochondrial pathway, is activated by various developmental cues or cytotoxic insults, such as viral infection, DNA damage and growth-factor deprivation, and is strictly controlled by the BCL-2 family of proteins. The extrinsic or death-receptor pathway is triggered by ligation of death receptors (members of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor family, such as Fas or TNF receptor-1 (TNFR1)) that contain an intracellular death domain, which can recruit and activate caspase-8 through the adaptor protein Fas-associated death domain (FADD; also known as MORT1) at the cell surface. This recruitment causes subsequent activation of downstream (effector) caspases, such as caspase-3, -6 or -7, without any involvement of the BCL-2 family.

Studies suggest that alterations in cell survival contribute to the pathogenesis of a number of human diseases, including cancer, viral infections, autoimmune diseases, neurodegenerative disorders, and AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome). Treatments designed to specifically alter the apoptotic threshold may have the potential to change the natural progression of some of these diseases.

Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-121444
    MYRA-A
    		Inducer
    MYRA-A is a potent apoptosis inducer in a Myc-dependent manner. MYRA-A inhibits Myc transactivation and interferes with the DNA-binding activity of Myc family proteins. MYRA-A inhibits cell viability.
    MYRA-A
  • HY-123369
    BMI-1026
    		Inducer
    BMI-1026 is a cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (Cdk1) inhibitor with IC50 of 2.3 nM. BMI-1026 induces apoptosis by arresting the G2-M phase.
    BMI-1026
  • HY-174137
    FLT3-IN-31
    		Inducer
    FLT3-IN-31 (compound 10q) is a potent FLT3 inhibitor with IC50 values of 0.16, 2.4 nM for FLT3, FLT3-D835Y, resprctively. FLT3-IN-31 shows antiproliferation activity. FLT3-IN-31 decreases the protein expression of p-FLT3, P-STAT5, P-ERK. FLT3-IN-31 induces apoptosis and cell cycle arrest at G1 phase. FLT3-IN-31 shows antitumor activity.
    FLT3-IN-31
  • HY-146444
    Anticancer agent 56
    		Inducer
    Anticancer agent 56 (compound 4d) is a potent anti-cancer agent with agent-likeness properties, possessing anticancer activity against several cancer cell lines (IC50<3 μM). Anticancer agent 56 induces cell cycle arrest at G2/M phase and triggers mitochondrial apoptosis pathway. Anticancer agent 56 acts by accumulation of ROS, up regulation of BAX, down regulation of Bcl-2 and activation of caspases 3, 7, 9.
    Anticancer agent 56
  • HY-178940
    Apoptosis inducer 49
    		Inducer
    Apoptosis inducer 49 is a selective apoptosis inducer with high specificity against CCRF-CEM leukemia cells (IC50 = 2.68 μM). Apoptosis inducer 49 enhances RNA synthesis and replication stress, activates the Chk1-p21 axis, leading to S-phase arrest. Apoptosis inducer 49 can inhibit Bcl-2 and activate caspase-3. Apoptosis inducer 49 can be used for the study of Leukemia.
    Apoptosis inducer 49
  • HY-150757
    Autophagy-IN-2
    		Inducer
    Autophagy-IN-2 (Compound 7h) is an autophagic flux inhibitor. Autophagy-IN-2 induces cancer cell apoptosis and can be used for triple-negative breast cancer research.
    Autophagy-IN-2
  • HY-N18190
    N-Desmethyldauricine
    		Inducer
    N-Desmethyldauricine is a NF-κB p65 inhibitor and apoptosis inducer. N-Desmethyldauricine reduces the protein expression level of p65, induces apoptosis, arrests the cell cycle at the G0/G1 phase, attenuates intercellular adhesion, and inhibits the growth of 3D spheroids of triple-negative breast cancer. N-Desmethyldauricine can be used in studies related to triple-negative breast cancer.
    N-Desmethyldauricine
  • HY-W009141S
    1-Monopalmitin-d31
    1-Monopalmitin-d31 (Glyceryl palmitate-d31) is the deuterium labeled 1-Monopalmitin (HY-W009141). 1-Monopalmitin (Glyceryl palmitate) is an activator of the PI3K/Akt pathway and an inhibitor of P-glycoprotein (P-gp). 1-Monopalmitin can induce G2/M arrest and caspase-dependent apoptosis in cancer cells, while inhibiting IAPs protein expression. 1-Monopalmitin can increase drug accumulation by inhibiting P-gp activity in intestinal Caco-2 cells. 1-Monopalmitin has the ability to induce protective autophagy and apoptosis of lung cancer cells (IC50=50-58 μg/mL), with low toxicity to normal cells.
    1-Monopalmitin-d<sub>31</sub>
  • HY-N1516A
    (Z)-Ganoderenic acid D
    		Control
    (Z)-Ganoderenic acid D is the z-isomer of Ganoderenic acid D (HY-N1516). (Z)-Ganoderenic acid D is the triterpene that can be isolated from Ganoderma, and contributes to the bitter taste of the basidiocarps and extracts of Ganoderma species. Ganoderenic acid D inhibits the proliferation of cancer cells by inducing cell cycle arrest and apoptosis.
    (Z)-Ganoderenic acid D
  • HY-168067
    CDK-IN-14
    CDK-IN-14 (B34) is a CDK2 inhibitor (IC50=0.097 μM) with anti-hepatocellular carcinoma activity. CDK-IN-14 blocks the cell cycle of HepG-2 cancer cells through a caspase-mediated mechanism and induces apoptosis.
    CDK-IN-14
  • HY-181945
    FLT3-IN-39
    		Inducer
    FLT3-IN-39 (Compound W4) is a selective FLT3 inhibitor, with an IC50 value of 16.0 nM against FLT3-ITD and an IC50 value of 20.4 nM against FLT3-D835Y. FLT3-IN-39 inhibits FLT3-ITD and FLT3-D835Y mutant kinases. FLT3-IN-39 induces G0/G1 cell cycle arrest and Apoptosis in cancer cells, and reduces intracellular ROS levels. FLT3-IN-39 exhibits anti-tumor activity against acute myeloid leukemia.
    FLT3-IN-39
  • HY-N12461
    Cucurbitacin F
    		Inducer
    Cucurbitacin F is a tetracyclic protostane-type triterpenoid with low toxicity, antibacterial and anti-inflammatory activities, and is also a related compound of Cucurbitacin B (HY-N0416). Cucurbitacin F widely exists in plants such as Cucurbitaceae plants, Quisqualis indica and Sorbaria sorbifolia. Cucurbitacin F acts as an actin aggregator and reduces cell viability in a dose-dependent manner. Cucurbitacin F induces apoptosis by triggering G2/M phase cell cycle arrest and activating the caspase-3-dependent apoptosis.
    Cucurbitacin F
  • HY-181015
    α-D-Manp(3→1)-α-D-Manp(2→1)-α-D-Glu
    		Inhibitor
    α-D-Manp(3→1)-α-D-Manp(2→1)-α-D-Glu (Compound C) is an oligosaccharide. α-D-Manp(3→1)-α-D-Manp(2→1)-α-D-Glu activates the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. α-D-Manp(3→1)-α-D-Manp(2→1)-α-D-Glu significantly inhibits Apoptosis by regulating the Bcl-2/BAX ratio. α-D-Manp(3→1)-α-D-Manp(2→1)-α-D-Glu shows cytoprotective activity by reducing ROS and LDH levels, decreasing MDA activity, and increasing CAT, SOD, and GSH activities. α-D-Manp(3→1)-α-D-Manp(2→1)-α-D-Glu shows neuroprotective effects and antioxidant capacity.
    α-D-Manp(3→1)-α-D-Manp(2→1)-α-D-Glu
  • HY-180818
    ALK-IN-33
    		Inducer
    ALK-IN-33 (Compound 8q) is an orally active ALK inhibitor with an IC50 of 1.61 nM. ALK-IN-33 exhibits significant selective killing effect on ALK-positive cancer cells. ALK-IN-33 induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis, effectively weakening the migration, invasion and long-term survival ability of cancer cells. ALK-IN-33 can be used for research on non-small cell lung cancer
    ALK-IN-33
  • HY-181086
    FLT3/HDAC-IN-3
    		Inducer
    FLT3/HDAC-IN-3 is a dual inhibitor of FLT3 and HDAC. FLT3/HDAC-IN-3 potently inhibits FLT3 (IC50 = 14 nM), HDAC1 (IC50 = 27 nM), HDAC6 (IC50 = 20 nM), and FLT3D853Y (IC50 = 55 nM), exhibits weak activity against HDAC8, and shows no activity against HDAC4. FLT3/HDAC-IN-3 possesses kinase selectivity, plasma stability, and stability in human liver microsomes. FLT3/HDAC-IN-3 demonstrates anti-proliferative effects in a variety of hematological malignancy cell lines. FLT3/HDAC-IN-3 shows efficacy in the Jeko-1 xenograft model without observed significant toxicity. FLT3/HDAC-IN-3 can be used in the study of hematological malignancies.
    FLT3/HDAC-IN-3
  • HY-N11501
    7-epi-Isogarcinol
    		Inducer
    7-epi-Isogarcinol is a polycyclic polyprenylated acylphloroglucinol (PPAP), with moderate antiproliferative activity. 7-epi-Isogarcinol blocks STAT3 signaling pathway, to induce apoptosis and inhibit cell migration.
    7-epi-Isogarcinol
  • HY-158062
    LC-1-40
    		Inducer
    LC-1-40 is a PROTAC that selectively degrades NUDT1 (DC50=0.97 nM). LC-1-40 selectively inhibits MYCN-induced tumor growth in mouse models. LC-1-40 also induces nucleotide damage and apoptosis in MYCN-associated tumors. LC-1-40 can be used in cancer research. (Red: NUDT1 binder; Blue: CRBN ligand; Black: Linker).
    LC-1-40
  • HY-147514
    Anticancer agent 64
    		Inducer
    Anticancer agent 64 (compound 5m) shows cytotoxic activity in CCRF-CEM cells, with IC50 of 2.4 μM. Anticancer agent 64 shows good anticancer activity through apoptosis induction. Anticancer agent 64 induces caspase 3 and 7 activation and PARP cleavage. Anticancer agent 64 induces significant effect of mitochondria depolarization.
    Anticancer agent 64
  • HY-N15380
    4,4′-Secalonic acid D
    		Inducer
    4,4′-Secalonic acid D (Compound 12) is a PARP1 inhibitor. 4,4′-Secalonic acid D induces the accumulation of ROS and DNA damage, activates the caspase-3/GSDME pathway, and triggers apoptosis and pyroptosis of tumor cells by inhibiting PARP1. 4,4′-Secalonic acid D has anti-tumor activity.
    4,4′-Secalonic acid D
  • HY-185659
    6'-BPANeuGc
    		Inducer
    6'-BPANeuGc is a CD22-targeting ligand. 6'-BPANeuGc suppresses BCR activation, recruits CD22 to B cell immunological synapses, initiates inhibitory signals, induces B cell apoptosis. 6'-BPANeuGc inhibits calcium flux, and inhibits Akt and Erk activation. 6'-BPANeuGc can be used for research on immune system diseases.
    6'-BPANeuGc
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity