Cucurbitaceae

Tubeimoside I is an orally active HSPD1 inhibitor. Tubeimoside I inhibits NF-κB, MAPK, as well as regulates eNOS-VEGF. Tubeimoside I induces cytoprotective Autophagy via an Akt-mediated pathway. Tubeimoside I inhibits proinflammatory cytokine (IL-6 and IL-1β) production. Tubeimoside I exhibits anti-inflammatory activities. Tubeimoside I promotes angiogenesis and improves sepsis symptoms. Tubeimoside I is used in the research of inflammatory diseases, various cancers, sepsis and ischemic diseases.

Cucurbitacin B belongs to a class of highly oxidized tetracyclic triterpenoids and is oral active. Cucurbitacin B inhibits tumor cell growth, migration and invasion and cycle arrest, but induces cell apoptosis. Cucurbitacin B has potent anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antiviral, hypoglycemic, hepatoprotective, neuroprotective activity.

Cucurbitacin I is a natural selective inhibitor of JAK2/STAT3, with potent anti-cancer activity.

Mogroside V is a the major active constituent of a traditional Chinese medicine Siraitiae Fructus. Mogroside V reduces the intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and enhances mitochondrial function. Mogroside V has anti-oxidative, anti-diabetic and anti-carcinogenic effects. Mogroside V can be used for diabetic diseases research.

2,5-Furandimethanol (2,5-Bis(hydroxymethyl)furan) is a building block for the enzymatic synthesis of bio-based polyesters. 2,5-Furandimethanol is also a metabolite of Phellinus linteus. 2,5-Furandimethanol affects leukemia. 2,5-Furandimethanol can be used in fungal infection research.

Mogroside IV-A is a triterpene glycoside found in Siraitia and acts as a PLSCR1 inhibitor. Mogroside IV-A inhibits PLSCR1-promoted EGFR phosphorylation and downstream MAPK signaling activation. Mogroside IV-A inhibits TPA (HY-18739)-induced activation of viral early antigen (EBV-EA). Mogroside IV-A enhances the anticancer effect of Epirubicin (HY-13624) and reverses acquired resistance of cells to Epirubicin. Mogroside IV-A is used in research related to triple-negative breast cancer and herpesvirus infection.

Grosvenorine is an orally active flavonoid glycoside found in S. grosvenorii. Grosvenorine exhibits antibacterial, antioxidant and antiinflammation activities. Grosvenorine can induce apoptosis and increases anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 protein expression and reduces pro-apoptotic P53 protein expression in gastric tissues. Grosvenorine enhances mucin/glycoprotein secretion, regulates gastric pH, and reduces gastric lesion incidence.Grosvenorine increases glutathione peroxidase, catalase, and SOD levels, reduces lipid peroxidation (MDA), and lowers TNF-α and IL-6 levels. Grosvenorine can be used for the researches of bacterial infection and Gastric ulcer.

3,29-O-Dibenzoyloxykarounidiol (Karounidiol dibenzoate) is a multiflorane-type triterpene benzoate that inhibits Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (TPA) (HY-18739)-induced Epstein-Barr virus early antigen activation and exhibits tumor-promotion inhibitory activity. 3,29-O-Dibenzoyloxykarounidiol is used in cancer-related research.

Cucurbitacin E is a CDK1 inhibitor that significantly inhibits the activity of the cyclin B1/CDC2 complex. Cucurbitacin E also induces PANoptosis in adrenocortical carcinoma cells in a ZBP1-dependent manner. Cucurbitacin E exhibits synergistic effects with Mitotane (HY-13690); when used in combination, they effectively eliminate tumors.

Gypenoside L is a saponin that can be found in Gynostemma pentaphyllum. Gypenoside L increases the SA-β-galactosidase activity, promotes the production of senescence-associated secretory cytokines. Gypenoside L also can activate p38 and ERK MAPK pathways and NF-κB pathway to induce senescence. Gypenoside L exhibits anti-tumor and anti-inflammatory activities.

Gypenoside XLIX is a multifunctional bioactive compound that can be isolated from Gynostemma pentaphyllum, with a K_a value of 1.58 μM for its binding to SIRT1. Gypenoside XLIX acts as a PPAR-α agonist. It inhibits the activation of TLR4-mediated NF-κB signaling pathway by activating the Sirt1/Nrf2 signaling pathway, reduces ROS accumulation, and alleviates hepatic inflammatory injury in mice with sepsis-induced liver disease. Gypenoside XLIX targets SIRT1 to block YAP-NLRP3 activation and improve sepsis-induced cardiomyopathy. Gypenoside XLIX inhibits apoptosis (Apoptosis), pyroptosis (Pyroptosis), autophagy (Autophagy), lipid peroxidation, pro-inflammatory cytokines and anti-inflammatory cytokines. Gypenoside XLIX alleviates sepsis-induced splenic injury by inhibiting inflammation and oxidative stress, and mitigates sepsis-associated encephalopathy by targeting PPAR-α. Gypenoside XLIX prevents acute kidney injury by inhibiting IGFBP7/IGF1R-mediated programmed cell death and inflammation. Gypenoside XLIX inhibits the expression and activity of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 in cytokine-induced human endothelial cells. Gypenoside XLIX is applicable to research related to acute liver injury, lung injury, cardiomyopathy, acute splenic injury, sepsis-associated encephalopathy, acute kidney injury, atherosclerosis and chronic inflammation.

Mogrol is a biometabolite of mogrosides, and acts via inhibition of the ERK1/2 and STAT3 pathways, or reducing CREB activation and activating AMPK signaling.

Gypenoside XVII, a novel phytoestrogen belonging to the gypenosides, can activate estrogen receptors.

Cucurbitacin D is the active ingredient in Trichosanthes kirilowii and can disrupt the interaction between Hsp90 and two co-chaperones, Cdc37 and p23. Cucurbitacin D is an inflammasome activator. Cucurbitacin D induces cell cycle arrest and cell apoptosis, exhibiting anti-tumor and anti-inflammatory effects.

Gypenoside A is an orally active triterpenoid compound that can be isolated from Gynostemma pentaphyllum. Gypenoside A has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities. Gypenoside A also has a certain protective effect on cardiomyocytes and can inhibit apoptosis. Gypenoside A can be used in the research of cardiovascular diseases and inflammation-related diseases.

Tubeimoside III is a triterpenoid saponin. Tubeimoside III has anti-inflammatory and antitumor effects. Tubeimoside III has an LD₅₀ of 15 mg/kg by intraperitoneal injection in ICR mice. Tubeimoside III can be used for the research of tumors and inflammatory diseases.

Bayogenin is a triterpenoid saponin and one of the main components of Medicago sativa saponins. Bayogenin is an inhibitor of glycogen phosphorylase.

11-oxo-mogroside V is a natural sweetener that exhibits strong antioxidant activity. It exhibits significant inhibitory effects on reactive oxygen species (O₂^-, H₂O₂ and *OH) with EC₅₀ of 4.79, 16.52, and 146.17 μg/mL, respectively.

Mogroside IV-E is a PUS1 inhibitor that reduces PUS1 expression and inhibits bone metastasis of prostate cancer. Mogroside IV-E can be used in prostate cancer-related research.

3,29-Dibenzoyl rarounitriol is one major bioactive compound of multiflorane triterpene esters Trichosanthes kirilowii, can be chosen as the marker for quantitation of Trichosanthes kirilowii.