Momordica charantia Linn.

Momordicine I is a cucurbitane-type triterpenoids. Momordicine I suppresses glioma growth by promoting apoptosis and impairing mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation. Momordicine I inhibits glycolysis, lipid metabolism, induces autophagy in HNC cells to suppress head and neck cancer growth. Momordicine I alleviates isoproterenol-induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy through suppression of PLA2G6 and DGK-ζ. Momordicine I exerts its cardiovascular benefits by upregulating nitric oxide, inhibiting the activity of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), activating the PI3K/Akt pathway, reducing oxidative stress and inflammation. Momordicine I inhibits AKT1, IL-6, and SRC, suggesting its potential application in type 2 diabetes.

Momordicoside K is a cucurbitane triterpenoid.

Momordicoside A is isolated from Momordica charantia L. Momordicoside A has the inhibitory effect on protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP1B).

Momordicin IV is a natural product.

3,7,25-Trihydroxycucurbita-5,23-dien-19-al (TCD) is a natural product, that can be isolated from the chloroform extract of the leaves of Momordica foetida.

Momordica charantia extract is an extract isolated fromMomordica charantia.

Momordica charantia polysaccharide is a polysaccharide derived from Momordica charantia.

Taikugausin C is a natural triterpene.

MS 1 (Momordica saponin I) is a vaccine adjuvant found in the seeds of perennial Momordica cochinchinensis Spreng.

VSA 1, a semisynthetic QS-21 (HY-101092) analog, is a saponin adjuvant. VSA 1 potentiates antigen-specific IgG1 and IgG2a immune responses in BALB/c mice, indicating a mixed Th1/Th2 immune response. VSA 1 significantly improves vaccine efficacy after primary immunization and enhances homologous protection.

(3β,7β)-3,7,23,24-Tetrahydroxycucurbita-5,25-dien-19-al (compound 3) is a cucurbitane-type triterpenoid isolated from the vines and leaves of Momordica charantia.

Charantadiol A is a natural compound found in Momordica charantia L.

Momordicoside G (Momordicacoside G) is an orally active cucurbitane-type triterpene glycoside. Momordicoside G selectively induces apoptosis of M1-like macrophages, without affecting M2-like macrophages. Momordicoside G reduces intracellular ROS levels and promotes autophagy. Momordicoside G also has anticancer activity, inhibiting the growth of cancer cell lines. Momordicoside G stimulates M2-associated lung injury repair and prevents inflammatory lung cancer injury.

Momordin II, an oleanane-type triterpene glycoside, is a ribosome inactivating protein. Momordin II inhibits cell-free protein synthesis, releases adenine from rat liver ribosomes and from DNA, and has no RNase activity.

Karavilagenin D, a cucurbitane-type triterpene isolated from Japanese bitter melon leaves, is a potential tumor-promoting inhibitor.

(+)-6-(3-Chloro-2-hydroxy-3-methylbutyl)-5,7-dimethoxycoumarin is a nature product that could be isolated form the root bark of Toddalia asiatica (L.) LAM.

(19R,23E)-5b,19-Epoxy19-ethoxycucurbita-6,23-diene-3b,25-diol is a cucurbitane-type triterpenoid. (19R,23E)-5b,19-Epoxy19-ethoxycucurbita-6,23-diene-3b,25-diol has been tested to no effect against 5 cancer cell lines, MCF-7, HepG2, Du145, Colon205 and HL-60 by MTT assay.

Kuguacin R is a cucurbitane-type triterpenoid that can be extracted from Momordica charantia L. Kuguacin R possess anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial and anti-viral activities.

Kuguacin N is a natural product that could be isolated from the vines and leaves of M. charantia. Kuguacin N has antiviral activity.

Momordicoside P is a cucurbitane-type triterpenoid saponin. Momordicoside P can be isolated from the fresh fruits of Momordica charantia.