Tetracyclic Triterpenoids

Inotodiol activates p53 signaling pathway, inhibits MMP-2/9, and exhibits antitumor activity in cancer cell HeLa. Inotodiol inhibits the generation of ROS and exhibits antioxidant and neuroprotective effects. Inotodiol inhibits the activation of MAPK and NF-κB signaling pathway, and exhibits anti-inflammatory activity. Inotodiol inhibits TLR-4 mediated TNF-α production (IC₅₀s in BMMC and BMDM is 0.7 μM and 3.0 μM), inhibits the degranulation in mast cell, exhibits anti-allergic activity. Inotodiol is orally active.

11-Oxomogroside IV A (compound 12) is a cucurbitane triterpene glycoside isolated from unripe fruits of Luo Han Guo. 11-Oxomogroside IV A has anti-tumor effects and is cytotoxic to tumor cells SMMC-772 (IC₅₀: 288 μg/mL).

3β-Hydroxylanosta-8,24-dien-21-al is a lanostane-type triterpene. 3β-Hydroxylanosta-8,24-dien-21-al can inhibit the tumor promotion, reducing the percentage of mice bearing papillomas.

5α,6α-Epoxystigmasterol is a sterol epoxide. 5α,6α-Epoxystigmasterol serves as a precursor of brassinosteroidal compounds.

6-Deacetyloxy-7-deacetylchisocheton is a limonoid compound found in the bark of Melia azedarach. 6-Deacetyloxy-7-deacetylchisocheton exhibits cytotoxicity against cancer cells. 6-Deacetyloxy-7-deacetylchisocheton can be used in cancer research.

Ciwujianoside D2, a saponin compound, can enhance pancreatic lipase activity in vitro.

Aspafilioside B is a steroidal saponin. Aspafilioside B is extractable from Asparagus filicinus. Aspafilioside B activates the ERK, c-Raf and p38 MAPK signaling pathways, and upregulates H-Ras and N-Ras. Aspafilioside B mediates G2/M cell cycle arrest by altering the expression of cell cycle regulatory proteins. Aspafilioside B induces Apoptosis. Aspafilioside B increases intracellular ROS levels. Aspafilioside B is applicable to research related to hepatocellular carcinoma.

16S,22S-Dihydroxycholesterol is a stereospecific dihydroxylated cholesterol and also a key intermediate in the biosynthesis of Diosgenin (HY-N0177) in plants.

Chondrillasterol is a sterol that can be isolated from Vernonia adoensis. Chondrillasterol exhibits antibacterial activity. Chondrillasterol inhibits growth of Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Chondrillasterol inhibits formation of bacterial biofilms. Chondrillasterol can be used for the research of bacterial infections.

Caudatin 3-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→4)-β-D-oleandropyranosyl-(1→4)-β-D-cymaropyranosyl-(1→4)-β-D-cymaropyranoside (compound 6) is a C-21 steroidal glycoside that can be isolated from the roots of Cynanchum otophyllum and Cynanchum caudatum.