2. Signaling Pathways
  3. Apoptosis
  4. Apoptosis

Apoptosis

Apoptosis

Apoptosis

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Apoptosis is a distinctive form of cell death exhibiting specific morphological and biochemical characteristics, including cell membrane blebbing, chromatin condensation, genomic DNA fragmentation, and exposure of specific phagocytosis signaling molecules on the cell surface. Cells undergoing apoptosis differ from those dying through necrosis. Necrotic cells are usually recognized by the immune system as a danger signal and, thus, resulting in inflammation; in contrast, apoptotic death is quiet and orderly.

There are two major pathways of apoptotic cell death induction: The intrinsic pathway, also called the Bcl-2-regulated or mitochondrial pathway, is activated by various developmental cues or cytotoxic insults, such as viral infection, DNA damage and growth-factor deprivation, and is strictly controlled by the BCL-2 family of proteins. The extrinsic or death-receptor pathway is triggered by ligation of death receptors (members of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor family, such as Fas or TNF receptor-1 (TNFR1)) that contain an intracellular death domain, which can recruit and activate caspase-8 through the adaptor protein Fas-associated death domain (FADD; also known as MORT1) at the cell surface. This recruitment causes subsequent activation of downstream (effector) caspases, such as caspase-3, -6 or -7, without any involvement of the BCL-2 family.

Studies suggest that alterations in cell survival contribute to the pathogenesis of a number of human diseases, including cancer, viral infections, autoimmune diseases, neurodegenerative disorders, and AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome). Treatments designed to specifically alter the apoptotic threshold may have the potential to change the natural progression of some of these diseases.

Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-111588
    Xanthoangelol
    		Inducer 99.88%
    Xanthoangelol, extracted from Angelica keiskei, suppresses obesity-induced inflammatory responses. Xanthoangelol possesses antibacterial activity. Xanthoangelol inhibits monoamine oxidases. Xanthoangelol induces apoptosis in neuroblastoma and leukemia cells.
    Xanthoangelol
  • HY-112356
    Scytonemin
    		99.53%
    Scytonemin is a hydrophobic alkaloid pigment that can be isolated from the outer sheath of cyanobacteria. Scytonemin has protective function against short-wave solar ultraviolet (UV) radiation, which can reduce the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the formation of DNA damage. Scytonemin also has anti-inflammatory and anti-proliferative activities, produces concentration-dependent inhibition (IC50=2.0 μM) of polo-like kinase 1 (PLK1)-mediated cdc25C phosphorylation, and plays an important role in regulating the G2/M transition in the cell cycle. It can be used in the research of cancer, acute inflammation and sunscreen cosmetics.
    Scytonemin
  • HY-13717
    AGN194204
    		Inducer 99.94%
    AGN194204 (IRX4204) is an orally active and selective RXR agonist with Kd values 0.4 nM, 3.6 nM and 3.8 nM and EC50s of 0.2 nM, 0.8 nM and 0.08 nM for RXRα, RXRβ and RXRγ, respectively. AGN194204 is inactive against RAR. AGN194204 has anti-inflammatory and anticarcinogenic actions.
    AGN194204
  • HY-153066
    VLS-1272
    		Inducer 99.63%
    VLS-1272 (Compound 22) is an orally active KIF18A inhibitor that binds to the KIF18A-microtubule complex in an ATP-noncompetitive manner (IC50 = 41 nM), blocking its ATPase activity and inhibiting microtubule translocation. This leads to abnormal accumulation of KIF18A at spindle poles, disrupting chromosome alignment and inducing mitotic arrest and apoptosis in CINHigh tumor cells (e.g., ovarian cancer OVCAR-3, breast cancer JIMT-1). VLS-1272 is a promising candidate for anti-tumor research.
    VLS-1272
  • HY-W008344
    2-Chloroadenosine
    		Activator 99.79%
    2-Chloroadenosine is an adenosine analog, a transporter permeabilizer of nucleoside transporters, and a competitive uridine influx inhibitor (apparent Ki=33 μM). 2-Chloroadenosine binds to nitrobenzylthioinosine with high affinity (apparent Ki=0.18 mM). 2-Chloroadenosine promotes Apoptosis and increases cerebral blood flow. 2-Chloroadenosine has anticonvulsant properties. 2-Chloroadenosine is used to study infection, inflammatory diseases, cancer, blood-related diseases, lung injury, epilepsy, and kidney disease.
    2-Chloroadenosine
  • HY-138832
    BM-1244
    		Inducer 99.83%
    BM-1244 (APG-1252-M1) is a Bcl-xL/Bcl-2 inhibitor with Kis of 134 nM and 450 nM. BM-1244 has anti-tumor effects by inducing apoptosis and suppressing tumor growth. BM-1244 can induce cytochrome C and Smac release from mitochondria with caspase-3 and PARP cleavage. BM-1244 exhibits synergy with chemotherapy in vivo. BM-1244 can be studied in research for colorectal cancer, acute myeloid leukemia and gastric cancer.
    BM-1244
  • HY-N0492A
    α-Lipoic Acid sodium
    		Inducer 99.95%
    α-Lipoic Acid (Thioctic acid) sodium is an antioxidant, which is an essential cofactor of mitochondrial enzyme complexes. α-Lipoic Acid sodium inhibits NF-κB-dependent HIV-1 LTR activation. α-Lipoic Acid sodium induces endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-mediated apoptosis in hepatoma cells. α-Lipoic Acid sodium can be used with CPUL1 (HY-151802) to construct the self-assembled nanoaggregate CPUL1-LA NA, which has improved antitumor efficacy than CPUL1.
    α-Lipoic Acid sodium
  • HY-N0732
    Jolkinolide B
    		Inducer 99.65%
    Jolkinolide B is a bioactive diterpene isolated from the roots of Euphorbia fischeriana Steud with oral activity. Jolkinolide B downregulates XIAP, cIAP1, cIAP2, and phosphorylated Akt, upregulates Smac, activates caspase-3 and caspase-9, and inhibits NF-κB, TGFβ/smad3 and JAK/STAT3 pathways. Jolkinolide B exerts comprehensive biological effects including inducing cancer cell apoptosis, suppressing inflammatory responses, improving lung function, alleviating hepatic steatosis and eliminating intracellular Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Jolkinolide B can be used for the research of leukemia, histiocytic lymphoma, asthma, metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease and tuberculosis.
    Jolkinolide B
  • HY-N0378R
    D-Mannitol (Standard)
    		Inducer
    D-Mannitol (Standard) is the analytical standard of D-Mannitol (HY-N0378). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. D-Mannitol (Mannitol) is an oral, resistant sugar widely used in the food and pharmaceutical industries to promote the absorption and retention of calcium and magnesium through cecal fermentation, while acting as a osmotic diuretic to reduce tissue edema. D-Mannitol can enhance brown fat formation, improve insulin effect, reduce blood sugar levels, And through the start the β3-adrenergic receptor (β3-AR), PGC1α and PKA induced by means of white fat cells into brown fat cells. D-Mannitol is commonly used to maintain osmotic pressure between the plant cytoplasm and the culture medium and protect cells when the cell wall is weakened or even removed.
    D-Mannitol (Standard)
  • HY-N4058
    Helichrysetin
    		Inducer 99.86%
    Helichrysetin is isolated from the flower Helichrysum odoratissimum. Helichrysetin is an ID2 (DNA binding inhibitor 2) inhibitor. Helichrysetin induces apoptosis. Helichrysetin has anti-tumor and antioxidant activity.
    Helichrysetin
  • HY-N6016
    Bacopaside II
    		Inducer 98.86%
    Bacopaside II, an extract from the medicinal herb Bacopa monnieri. Bacopaside II is the inhibitor for AQP1 that exhibits anti-angiogenesis activity. Bacopaside II exhibits cytotoxicity and induces apoptosis in cancer cells.
    Bacopaside II
  • HY-N1231
    Sophoraflavanone G
    		Inducer 99.72%
    Sophoraflavanone G (Kushenol F) is iaolated from Sophora flavescens and shows anti-tumor and anti-inflammatory properties.? Sophoraflavanone G (Kushenol F) induces MDA-MB-231 and HL-60 cells apoptosis through suppression of MAPK-related pathways.
    Sophoraflavanone G
  • HY-N4148
    Purpureaside C
    		Inducer 99.40%
    Purpureaside C, phenolic glycoside, is a minichromosome maintenance complex component 6 (MCM6) inhibitor. Purpureaside C binds to the ATP-pocket of MCM6, suppresses MCM6 protein expression in gastric cancer cells. Purpureaside C suppresses gastric cancer cell growth and induces apoptosis. Purpureaside C exerts antibacterial activity and proinflammatory activity. Purpureaside C can be used for the researches of gastric cancer, bacterial infection and inflammation.
    Purpureaside C
  • HY-W013175
    Uridine 5'-monophosphate disodium salt
    		Activator 99.90%
    Uridine 5'-monophosphate (5'-Uridylic acid) disodium salt is an orally active mitochondrial ATP-dependent potassium channel activator that has a protective effect on the heart. Uridine 5'-monophosphate disodium salt can promote the synthesis of CDP-choline and induce apoptosis in intestinal epithelial cells, which is beneficial for gut development and reduces diarrhea.
    Uridine 5'-monophosphate disodium salt
  • HY-N2037A
    Higenamine hydrochloride
    		Inhibitor 99.34%
    Higenamine hydrochloride is a selective LSD1 inhibitor (IC50=1.47 μM) that can be isolated from aconite. Higenamine hydrochloride has anti-inflammatory and antibacterial activity. Higenamine (Norcoclaurine) can attenuate IL-1β-induced Apoptosis through ROS-mediated PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. Higenamine hydrochloride protects brain cells from oxygen deprivation. Higenamine can promote bone formation in osteoporosis through the SMAD2/3 pathway. Higenamine hydrochloride can be used to study cancer, inflammation, cardiorenal syndrome and other diseases.
    Higenamine hydrochloride
  • HY-133677
    Mono(2-ethyl-5-hydroxyhexyl) phthalate
    		Inhibitor 99.03%
    Mono (2-ethyl-5-hydroxyhexyl) phthalate (MEHHP) is a biomarker for human exposure to DEHP (HY-B1945). By activating the tryptophan-kynurenine-aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) pathway, mono (2-ethyl-5-hydroxyhexyl) phthalate significantly increases the viability of primary uterine leiomyoma cells and reduces cell apoptosis. Mono (2-ethyl-5-hydroxyhexyl) phthalate correlates with decreased sperm DNA damage. Mono (2-ethyl-5-hydroxyhexyl) phthalate can be used in studies related to uterine leiomyoma.
    Mono(2-ethyl-5-hydroxyhexyl) phthalate
  • HY-17371R
    Oxaliplatin (Standard)
    		Inducer
    Oxaliplatin (Standard) is the analytical standard of Oxaliplatin. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Oxaliplatin is a DNA synthesis inhibitor. Oxaliplatin causes DNA crosslinking damage, prevents DNA replication and transcription and induces apoptosis. Oxaliplatin can be used for cancer research.
    Oxaliplatin (Standard)
  • HY-12743
    K-7174
    		Inducer 99.43%
    K-7174 is an orally active proteasome and GATA inhibitor. K-7174 is a cell adhesion inhibitor. K-7174 induces cell apoptosis. K-7174 shows antitumor activities, it can be used for the research of cancer.
    K-7174
  • HY-17449
    Fosbretabulin disodium
    		Inducer 99.91%
    Fosbretabulin disodium (CA 4DP) is a tubulin destabilizing agent. Fosbretabulin disodium is the Combretastatin A4 proagent that selectively targets endothelial cells, induces regression of nascent tumour neovessels, reduces tumour blood flow and causes central tumour necrosis.
    Fosbretabulin disodium
  • HY-19980A
    PRIMA-1
    		Inducer 98.0%
    PRIMA-1 (NSC-281668) is a mutant p53 reactivator, restores the sensitivity of TP53 mutant-type thyroid cancer cells to the histone methylation inhibitor 3-Deazaneplanocin A.
    PRIMA-1
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity