2. Signaling Pathways
  3. Apoptosis
  4. TNF Receptor

TNF Receptor

Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor; TNFR

TNF Receptor

Related Products

PDF 0.47 MB

Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) is a major mediator of apoptosis as well as inflammation and immunity, and it has been implicated in the pathogenesis of a wide spectrum of human diseases, including sepsis, diabetes, cancer, osteoporosis, multiple sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, and inflammatory bowel diseases.

TNF-α is a 17-kDa protein consisting of 157 amino acids that is a homotrimer in solution. In humans, the gene is mapped to chromosome 6. Its bioactivity is mainly regulated by soluble TNF-α–binding receptors. TNF-α is mainly produced by activated macrophages, T lymphocytes, and natural killer cells. Lower expression is known for a variety of other cells, including fibroblasts, smooth muscle cells, and tumor cells. In cells, TNF-α is synthesized as pro-TNF (26 kDa), which is membrane-bound and is released upon cleavage of its pro domain by TNF-converting enzyme (TACE).

Many of the TNF-induced cellular responses are mediated by either one of the two TNF receptors, TNF-R1 and TNF-R2, both of which belong to the TNF receptor super-family. In response to TNF treatment, the transcription factor NF-κB and MAP kinases, including ERK, p38 and JNK, are activated in most types of cells and, in some cases, apoptosis or necrosis could also be induced. However, induction of apoptosis or necrosis is mainly achieved through TNFR1, which is also known as a death receptor. Activation of the NF-κB and MAPKs plays an important role in the induction of many cytokines and immune-regulatory proteins and is pivotal for many inflammatory responses.

TNF Receptor Isoform Specific Products:

TNF Receptor Isoform Comparison
Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-P991406
    MK-1248
    		Inhibitor
    MK-1248 is a human IgG4 monoclonal antibody (mAb) targeting TNFSF18. MK-1248 enhances the proliferative response of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes to anti-CD3 stimulation and promotes the production of anti-tumor-associated regulatory cytokines. MK-1248 can be used in solid tumors research.
    MK-1248
  • HY-144737
    Anti-inflammatory agent 15
    		Inhibitor
    Anti-inflammatory agent 15 (compound 29) is a potent antimycobacterial and anti-inflammatory agent. Anti-inflammatory agent 15 inhibits Mtb H37Rv and M299 growth, with MIC50 (minimum inhibitory concentration 50%) of 2.3 and 7.8 μM, respectively. Anti-inflammatory agent 15 inhibits NO through the suppression of iNOS expression, and also inhibited the production of TNF-α and IL-1β. Anti-inflammatory agent 15 can be used for tuberculosis (TB) research.
    Anti-inflammatory agent 15
  • HY-181155
    Anti-inflammatory agent 111
    		Inhibitor
    Anti-inflammatory agent 111 is a potent anti-inflammatory agent. Anti-inflammatory agent 111 reduces Lipopolysaccharides (LPS) (HY-D1056)-induced i-NOS and COX-2 protein expression, decreases nitric oxide, IL-6, and TNF-α production. Anti-inflammatory agent 111 maintains normal cell viability at bioactive concentrations.Anti-inflammatory agent 111 can be used for the research of inflammation-related disorders.
    Anti-inflammatory agent 111
  • HY-N17888
    Ephemeranthol A
    		Inhibitor
    Ephemeranthol A is a phenanthrene compound with anticancer and anti-inflammatory activities. Ephemeranthol A exerts significant anti-inflammatory effects in macrophages by inhibiting the NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways. Ephemeranthol A induces apoptosis and inhibits metastasis of lung cancer cells by suppressing the FAK/Akt signaling and EMT processes. Ephemeranthol A can be used for the research of acute and chronic inflammatory diseases and non-small cell lung cancer.
    Ephemeranthol A
  • HY-160180
    Glucocorticoid receptor agonist-4 Ala-Ala-Mal
    		Inhibitor
    Glucocorticoid receptor agonist-4 Ala-Ala-Mal (Compound Preparation 9) is an anti-human TNFα antibody-glucocorticoid receptor agonist (GC) conjugate. Glucocorticoid receptor agonist-4 Ala-Ala-Mal can be used in the study of autoimmune and inflammatory diseases.
    Glucocorticoid receptor agonist-4 Ala-Ala-Mal
  • HY-N17779
    3-O-Caffeoyl-5-O-feruloylquinic acid
    		Inhibitor
    3-O-Caffeoyl-5-O-feruloylquinic acid is a quinic acid-based phenolic compound that can be isolated from Eryngium bourgatii. 3-O-Caffeoyl-5-O-feruloylquinic acid regulates free radical scavenging and inflammatory pathways, exerting antioxidant activity through electron transfer and hydrogen atom transfer mechanisms. It also inhibits TNF-α-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and the production of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) and its transcripts in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs).
    3-O-Caffeoyl-5-O-feruloylquinic acid
  • HY-181812
    JNK2/MKK7 PPI-IN-1
    		Inhibitor
    JNK2/MKK7 PPI-IN-1 is an orally active JNK2 inhibitor with an IC50 of 0.99 μM and a Kd of 81.6 μM. JNK2/MKK7 PPI-IN-1 inhibits JNK2 kinase activity, disrupts JNK2-MKK7 protein-protein interaction, and reduces c-Jun phosphorylation. JNK2/MKK7 PPI-IN-1 inhibits LPS-induced overexpression of inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and TNF-α. JNK2/MKK7 PPI-IN-1 can be used for the research of acute lung injury.
    JNK2/MKK7 PPI-IN-1
  • HY-10406B
    rel-Talmapimod hydrochloride
    		Inhibitor
    rel-Talmapimod (rel-SCIO-469) hydrochloride is an orally active and selective inhibitor of p38α MAPK with an IC50 of 9 nM. rel-Talmapimod hydrochloride inhibits the secretion of inflammatory factors (such as TNFα, IL-1β, IL-6, and VEGF) by suppressing the p38α MAPK pathway, and it also inhibits angiogenesis and osteoclast activation. rel-Talmapimod hydrochloride inhibits the growth of multiple myeloma cells and induces apoptosis. rel-Talmapimod hydrochloride can be used to study various hematological malignancies (such as multiple myeloma, myelodysplastic syndrome).
    rel-Talmapimod hydrochloride
  • HY-P990280
    Anti-Mouse CD27 Antibody (RM27-3E5)
    		Inhibitor
    Anti-Mouse CD27 Antibody (RM27-3E5) is an agonistic rat-derived IgG2a κ type antibody, targeting to mouse CD27. Anti-Mouse CD27 Antibody (RM27-3E5) stimulates CD 27. Anti-Mouse CD27 Antibody (RM27-3E5) can be used for the researches of cancer and immunology, such as B16cOVA tumor.
    Anti-Mouse CD27 Antibody (RM27-3E5)
  • HY-N17736
    Chikusetsusaponin IVa methyl ester
    		Inhibitor
    Chikusetsusaponin IVa methyl ester (CME) is a natural triterpenoid saponin compound. Chikusetsusaponin IVa methyl ester induces G0/G1 cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in colon cancer cells by inhibiting the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. By inhibiting the NF-κB and AP-1 signaling pathways, Chikusetsusaponin IVa methyl ester significantly reduces the production of NO, PGE₂ and pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β), and downregulates the levels of iNOS and COX-2. Chikusetsusaponin IVa methyl ester can be used in researches on colorectal cancer and inflammation.
    Chikusetsusaponin IVa methyl ester
  • HY-B0809S1
    Theophylline-d3
    		Inhibitor
    Theophylline-d3 is deuterated labeled Theophylline (HY-B0809). Theophylline (1,3-Dimethylxanthine) is a potent phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitor, adenosine receptor antagonist, and histone deacetylase (HDAC) activator. Theophylline (1,3-Dimethylxanthine) inhibits PDE3 activity to relax airway smooth muscle. Theophylline (1,3-Dimethylxanthine) has anti-inflammatory activity by increase IL-10 and inhibit NF-κB into the nucleus. Theophylline (1,3-Dimethylxanthine) induces apoptosis. Theophylline (1,3-Dimethylxanthine) can be used for asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) research.
    Theophylline-d<sub>3</sub>
  • HY-P11183
    Cathelicidin-PY
    		Inhibitor
    Cathelicidin-PY is an antimicrobial peptide exhibiting strong antimicrobial property. Cathelicidin-PY inhibits the activation of TLR4 inflammatory response pathways induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (HY-D1056). Cathelicidin-PY possesses strong antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory activities and low cytotoxic ability against RAW 264.7 cells. Cathelicidin-PY can be used for antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory research.
    Cathelicidin-PY
  • HY-159144
    Anti-inflammatory agent 91
    		Inhibitor
    Anti-inflammatory agent 91 (Compound 4o) is an anti-inflammatory agent that can reduce inflammatory cytokines by inhibiting the STAT3 and NF-κB signaling pathways. Anti-inflammatory agent 91 can be used in research to improve skin inflammation associated with psoriasis.
    Anti-inflammatory agent 91
  • HY-111167
    AN-2898
    		Inhibitor
    AN-2898 is a selective PDE4 inhibitor with IC50 of 0.027 μM over other phosphodiesterase enzymes, such as PDE1A, PDE2A and PDE3A. AN-2898 also potently inhibits PDE4 subtypes (PDE4B1, PDE4A1A and PDE4D2). AN-2898 significantly inhibits the production of TNF-α, IL-2, IFN-γ, IL-5 and IL-10. AN-2898 can be used for mild to moderate atopic dermatitis (AD) and psoriasis research.
    AN-2898
  • HY-179142
    COX-2-IN-60
    		Inhibitor
    COX-2-IN-60 is a potent, orally active, and selective COX-2 inhibitor with an IC50 of 0.06 μM. COX-2-IN-60 exhibits ~100-fold selectivity over COX-1 (IC50 = 5.93 ). COX-2-IN-60 reduces oxidative stress and neuroinflammatory cytokines, and effectively counteracts epileptogenesis. COX-2-IN-60 exhibits significant anticonvulsant effects and protects against hippocampal injury by suppressing oxidative stress (reducing MDA and NO), pro-inflammatory signaling (reducing TNF-α and IL-6), and glial activationin in the Pilocarpine (HY-B0726A)-induced seizure mouse model. COX-2-IN-60 can be used for the research on neuroinflammatory and epilepsy.
    COX-2-IN-60
  • HY-18794
    R-03201195
    		Inhibitor
    R-03201195 is an efficient and selective p38 MAP kinase inhibitor with an IC50 for p38α of 0.7 nM. R-03201195 has inhibitory activity against TNF-α in THP-1 cells and against IL-1β in human whole blood, with IC50 values of 0.25 and 0.57 nM respectively. R-03201195 can be used for inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis.
    R-03201195
  • HY-149331
    TNF-α-IN-11
    		Inhibitor
    TNF-α-IN-11 (Compound 10) is a TNF-α inhibitor with a KD value of 12.06 μM. TNF-α-IN-11 binds to TNF-α and blocks the activation of TNF-α-trigged caspase and NF-κB signaling pathway. TNF-α-IN-11 inhibits the phosphorylation of IκBα, as well as the nuclear translocation of NF κB p65. TNF-α-IN-11 can be used for research of TNF-α-mediated autoimmune diseases.
    TNF-α-IN-11
  • HY-153858
    PHI-501
    		Inhibitor
    PHI-501 is a dual inhibitor targeting RAF/DDR. PHI-501 exhibits significant anti-proliferative effects in melanoma cell lines and significantly inhibits the colony formation of drug-resistant cells. PHI-501 strongly inhibits ERK and AKT phosphorylation. PHI-501 downregulates the gene sets in drug-resistant cells of TNFA-NFKB, IL6-JAK-STAT3, and KRAS signaling pathways as well as the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) signaling pathways. PHI-501 demonstrates significant anti-tumor effects in the SK-MEL3DR xenograft model. PHI-501 can be used for research on the problem of drug resistance in melanoma.
    PHI-501
  • HY-181513
    DPP-1-IN-2
    		Inhibitor
    DPP-1-IN-2 is a DPP-I inhibitor with a human IC50 of 36.8 nM and oral efficacy. DPP-1-IN-2 binds to intracellular DPP-I, increases its thermal stability, and reduces the activity and expression levels of downstream neutrophil serine proteases by inhibiting its enzymatic activity. DPP-1-IN-2 regulates the secretion of inflammatory factors and chemokines to exert anti-inflammatory effects. DPP-1-IN-2 reverses joint inflammation and tissue damage in adjuvant-induced arthritis rat models. DPP-1-IN-2 is applicable to research related to arthritis.
    DPP-1-IN-2
  • HY-179503
    PDE/TRPA1/CHIT1-IN-1
    		Inhibitor
    PDE/TRPA1/CHIT1-IN-1 is a phosphodiesterases (PDEs), TRPA1, and hCHIT1 (KD of 37.7 μM) inhibitor. PDE/TRPA1/CHIT1-IN-1 is a broad-spectrum PDE inhibitor, potently targeting key isoforms including PDE4B, PDE7A, PDE3A, and PDE8A with IC50s of 15.54, 15.15, 8.39 and 16.46 μM. PDE/TRPA1/CHIT1-IN-1 suppresses NLRP3 inflammasome activation and inhibits NF-κB phosphorylation, downregulating the expression of pro-inflammatory genes (TNF-α and IL-6) in vivo. PDE/TRPA1/CHIT1-IN-1 can be used for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and related inflammatory lung disorders research.
    PDE/TRPA1/CHIT1-IN-1
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Species Source
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity
All Rights Reserved.
Download TNF Receptor Signaling Pathway Map.

Following the binding of TNF to TNF receptors, TNFR1 binds to TRADD, which recruits RIPK1, TRAF2/5 and cIAP1/2 to form TNFR1 signaling complex I; TNFR2 binds to TRAF1/2 directly to recruit cIAP1/2. Both cIAP1 and cIAP2 are E3 ubiquitin ligases that add K63 linked polyubiquitin chains to RIPK1 and other components of the signaling complex. The ubiquitin ligase activity of the cIAPs is needed to recruit the LUBAC, which adds M1 linked linear polyubiquitin chains to RIPK1. K63 polyubiquitylated RIPK1 recruits TAB2, TAB3 and TAK1, which activate signaling mediated by JNK and p38, as well as the IκB kinase complex. The IKK complex then activates NF-κB signaling, which leads to the transcription of anti-apoptotic factors-such as FLIP and Bcl-XL-that promote cell survival. 

 

The formation of TNFR1 complex IIa and complex IIb depends on non-ubiquitylated RIPK1. For the formation of complex IIa, ubiquitylated RIPK1 in complex I is deubiquitylated by CYLD. This deubiquitylated RIPK1 dissociates from the membrane-bound complex and moves into the cytosol, where it interacts with TRADD, FADD, Pro-caspase 8 and FLIPL to form complex IIa. By contrast, complex IIb is formed when the RIPK1 in complex I is not ubiquitylated owing to conditions that have resulted in the depletion of cIAPs, which normally ubiquitylate RIPK1. This non-ubiquitylated RIPK1 dissociates from complex I, moves into the cytosol, and assembles with FADD, Pro-caspase 8, FLIPL and RIPK3 (but not TRADD) to form complex IIb. For either complex IIa or complex IIb to prevent necroptosis, both RIPK1 and RIPK3 must be inactivated by the cleavage activity of the Pro-caspase 8-FLIPL heterodimer or fully activated caspase 8. The Pro-caspase 8 homodimer generates active Caspase 8, which is released from complex IIa and complex IIb. This active Caspase 8 then carries out cleavage reactions to activate downstream executioner caspases and thus induce classical apoptosis. 

 

Formation of the complex IIc (necrosome) is initiated either by RIPK1 deubiquitylation mediated by CYLD or by RIPK1 non-ubiquitylation due to depletion of cIAPs, similar to complex IIa and complex IIb formation. RIPK1 recruits numerous RIPK3 molecules. They come together to form amyloid microfilaments called necrosomes. Activated RIPK3 phosphorylates and recruits MLKL, eventually leading to the formation of a supramolecular protein complex at the plasma membrane and necroptosis [1][2].

 

Reference:
[1]. Brenner D, et al. Regulation of tumour necrosis factor signalling: live or let die.Nat Rev Immunol. 2015 Jun;15(6):362-74. 
[2]. Conrad M, et al. Regulated necrosis: disease relevance and therapeutic opportunities.Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2016 May;15(5):348-66. 
 

TNF Receptor Isoform Comparison

Your Search Returned No Results.

Sorry. There is currently no product that acts on isoform together.

Please try each isoform separately.