2. Signaling Pathways
  3. Immunology/Inflammation
    Metabolic Enzyme/Protease
    NF-κB
  4. Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)

Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)

Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)

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Reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as superoxide anion (O2-), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and hydroxyl radical (HO•), consist of radical and non-radical oxygen species formed by the partial reduction of oxygen. Cellular ROS are generated endogenously during mitochondrial oxidative metabolism as well as in cellular response to xenobiotics, cytokines, and bacterial invasion.

ROS also activates MAPK pathways by the direct inhibition of MAPK phosphatases. Through PTEN, the PI3K pathway is subject to reversible redox regulation by ROS generated by growth factor stimulation. The activation of autophagy may be a cellular defense mechanism in response to ROS.

Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-115062
    MJ33 lithium salt
    		Inhibitor 99.0%
    MJ-33 lithium salt is a competitive phospholipase A2 (PLA2) inhibitor with an IC50 of 0.3 μM. MJ-33 lithium salt inhibits NOX2 activation and reduces ROS production by blocking the PLA2 activity of Prdx6. MJ-33 lithium salt effectively inhibits the activity of acidic PLA2 (pH 4.0) and reduces the degradation of alveolar surfactant phosphatidylcholine (PC), but exerts no effect on alkaline PLA2 (pH 8.5). MJ-33 lithium salt significantly alleviates lung oxidative injury induced by ischemia-reperfusion (I/R). MJ-33 lithium salt significantly inhibits the invasion, migration and adhesion abilities of prostate cancer cells by suppressing the MAPK, AKT, NF-κB and AP-1 signaling pathways. MJ-33 lithium salt can be used for the research of ROS-related diseases and prostate cancer.
    MJ33 lithium salt
  • HY-112356
    Scytonemin
    		99.53%
    Scytonemin is a hydrophobic alkaloid pigment that can be isolated from the outer sheath of cyanobacteria. Scytonemin has protective function against short-wave solar ultraviolet (UV) radiation, which can reduce the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the formation of DNA damage. Scytonemin also has anti-inflammatory and anti-proliferative activities, produces concentration-dependent inhibition (IC50=2.0 μM) of polo-like kinase 1 (PLK1)-mediated cdc25C phosphorylation, and plays an important role in regulating the G2/M transition in the cell cycle. It can be used in the research of cancer, acute inflammation and sunscreen cosmetics.
    Scytonemin
  • HY-163897
    PROTAC NCOA4 degrader-1
    		Inhibitor 99.75%
    PROTAC NCOA4 degrader-1 is a VHL-based PROTAC NCOA4 degrader. PROTAC NCOA4 degrader-1 is a ferroptosis inhibitor. PROTAC NCOA4 degrader-1 reduces Fe2+ elevation, ROS production, MDA content and PTGS2 mRNA expression. PROTAC NCOA4 degrader-1 ameliorates liver damage in a CCl4-induced acute liver injury model. PROTAC NCOA4 degrader-1 can be used for the researches of inflammation and immunology.
    PROTAC NCOA4 degrader-1
  • HY-130015
    HKSOX-1 (5/6-mixture)
    		98.82%
    HKSOX-1 (5/6-mixture) is a fluorescent probe which is used for imaging and detection of endogenous superoxide in live cells and in vivo. HKSOX-1 (5/6-mixture) exhibits excellent selectivity and sensitivity towards superoxide anion radical (Ex/Em = 509/534 nm).
    HKSOX-1 (5/6-mixture)
  • HY-119977
    APF
    		≥99.0%
    APF is a cell-permeable fluorogenic probe to measure hydroxyly radical of ROS. APF is nonfluorescent and produces bright green fluorescence upon reaction with hydroxyl radical. APF can be used to detect intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) (Ex/Em=490/525 nm).
    APF
  • HY-100618
    Hispidin
    		Inhibitor 99.85%
    Hispidin, a PKC inhibitor and a phenolic compound can be found in Phellinus linteus, has been shown to possess strong anti-oxidant, anti-cancer, anti-diabetic, and anti-dementia properties.
    Hispidin
  • HY-I0508
    Phthalic acid
    		Inducer 99.94%
    Phthalic acid is the final common metabolite of phthalic acid esters (PAEs). Phthalic acid can be used for the synthesis of synthetic agents, such as isophthalic acid (IPA), and terephthalic acid (TPA). Phthalic acid has applications in the preparation of phthalate ester plasticizers. Phthalic acid exhibits mutagenic effect and causes genetic damage in mammalian germ cells.
    Phthalic acid
  • HY-113162
    Bovinic acid
    		Inhibitor ≥99.0%
    Bovinic acid is an orally active anti-inflammatory agent. Bovinic acid inhibits oxidative stress and ferroptosis by regulating the Keap1-Nrf2 signaling pathway. Bovinic acid exerts hepatoprotective effects against alcohol-associated liver disease. Bovinic acid can be used for the research of alcohol-associated liver disease.
    Bovinic acid
  • HY-P1844A
    Chemerin-9 (149-157) TFA
    		Inducer 98.41%
    Chemerin-9 (149-157) TFA is a potent agonist of chemokine-like receptor 1 (CMKLR1) . Chemerin-9 (149-157) TFA has anti-inflammatory activity. Chemerin-9 (149-157) TFA stimulates phosphorylation of Akt and ERK as well as ROS production. Chemerin-9 (149-157) TFA ameliorates Aβ1-42-induced memory impairmen. Chemerin-9 (149-157) TFA regulates immune responses, adipocyte differentiation, and glucose metabolism.
    Chemerin-9 (149-157) TFA
  • HY-N2011
    Octyl gallate
    		99.53%
    Octyl gallate (Progallin O) is widely used as a food additive, with antimicrobial and antioxidant activity. Octyl gallate (Progallin O) shows selective and sensitive fluorescent property. Octyl gallate shows a marked antiviral effect against HSV-1, vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) and poliovirus.
    Octyl gallate
  • HY-21191
    Perfluorobutanesulfonic acid
    		Inducer 98.0%
    Perfluorobutanesulfonic acid (PFBS) is a short-chain perfluoroalkyl substance and the main replacement for perfluorooctanesulfonic acid. Perfluorobutanesulfonic acid induces fat accumulation in human HepG2 hepatoma cells. Perfluorobutanesulfonic acid promotes lipid accumulation by activating PPARγ pathway and triggering oxidative stress, endoplasmic reticulum stress and calcium dyshomeostasis. Perfluorobutanesulfonic acid impairs reproduction and causes developmental disorders in offspring of Caenorhabditis elegans. Perfluorobutanesulfonic acid disrupts pancreatic organogenesis and lipid homeostasis in zebrafish embryos. Perfluorobutanesulfonic acid can be used in environmental toxicology, lipid metabolism and developmental toxicity studies.
    Perfluorobutanesulfonic acid
  • HY-129115
    S1QEL1.1
    		99.9%
    S1QEL1.1 is a small molecule inhibitor that specifically inhibits the generation of superoxide and hydrogen peroxide at the IQ site during reverse electron transfer in mitochondrial respiratory chain complex I (Complex I), with an IC50 of 0.07 μM. S1QEL1.1 can significantly reduce the activation of cysteine-aspartic protease (caspase) triggered by endoplasmic reticulum stress. S1QEL1.1 helps to decrease excessive proliferation of stem cells by inhibiting the Reactive Oxygen Species signaling pathway initiated by endoplasmic reticulum stress.
    S1QEL1.1
  • HY-N1916
    Coniferyl ferulate
    		Inhibitor 98.73%
    Coniferyl ferulate is an orally active phenolic acid compound. Coniferyl ferulate is a potent inhibitor of glutathione S-transferase (GST) (IC50 = 0.3 μM), which downregulates P-gp expression, induces apoptosis in B-MD-C1 (ADR+/+) cells, and reverses multidrug resistance. Coniferyl ferulate blocks the NMDAR/NR2B-CaMKII-MAPKs signaling pathway, inhibits ROS production and mitochondrial apoptosis, while reshapes the intestinal microbiota and microbial metabolism, ameliorates colonic inflammation and alleviates depressive symptoms in mice. Coniferyl ferulate can alleviate the toxicity of xylene to hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells by targeting Mgst2. Coniferyl ferulate exhibits antibacterial activity against the Gram-positive Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus.
    Coniferyl ferulate
  • HY-17355A
    Dexpramipexole dihydrochloride
    		Inhibitor 99.94%
    Dexpramipexole ((R)-Pramipexole) dihydrochloride is an orally active, blood-brain barrier permeable mitochondrial protective agent. Dexpramipexole dihydrochloride upregulates the expression of Parkin, PINK1, GPX4 and FSP1; binds to mitochondrial F1/Fo-ATP synthase; blocks the Nav1.8 sodium channel; and inhibits the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome. Dexpramipexole dihydrochloride induces mitophagy, inhibits ferroptosis, pyroptosis, apoptosis, neuroinflammation and eosinophilopoiesis; maintains mitochondrial function and redox homeostasis; reduces reactive oxygen species production; and decreases myocardial infarct size. Dexpramipexole dihydrochloride is applicable to studies on eosinophilic asthma, myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury, sepsis-associated encephalopathy, analgesia, and more.
    Dexpramipexole dihydrochloride
  • HY-N0592A
    Demethyleneberberine chloride
    		Inhibitor 98.90%
    Demethyleneberberine chloride is a blood-brain barrier-permeable antioxidant. Demethyleneberberine chloride exerts antioxidant effects by targeting mitochondria, activates the AMPK signaling pathway to regulate lipid metabolism, and inhibits inflammation-related pathways such as NF-κB and MAPK. Demethyleneberberine chloride can be used in the research of inflammatory and other diseases.
    Demethyleneberberine chloride
  • HY-134832
    Mito-LND
    		Activator
    Mito-LND (Mito-Lonidamine) is an orally active and mitochondria-targeted inhibitor of oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS). Mito-LND inhibits mitochondrial bioenergetics, stimulates the formation of reactive oxygen species, and induces autophagic cell death in lung cancer cells.
    Mito-LND
  • HY-N3460
    Isorhoifolin
    		Inhibitor 99.96%
    Isorhoifolin is a flavonoid glycoside from Hemistepta lyrata. Isorhoifolin displays an anti-leakage effect.
    Isorhoifolin
  • HY-B2188
    S-Methyl-L-cysteine
    		98.0%
    S-Methyl-L-cysteine is a natural product that acts as a substrate in the catalytic antioxidant system mediated by methionine sulfoxide reductase A (MSRA), with antioxidative, neuroprotective, and anti-obesity activities.
    S-Methyl-L-cysteine
  • HY-N1472
    Levistolide A
    		Inducer 99.34%
    Levistolide A is an apoptosis inducer and a PEDV virus inhibitor. Levistolide A can induce apoptosis in colon cancer cells and suppress the replication of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) by promoting ROS generation. Levistolide A activates peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) in N2a/APP695swe cells and reduces excessive phosphorylation of tau through the GSK3α/β pathway, improving symptoms in Alzheimer’s mice. Levistolide A improves kidney damage in 5/6 nephrectomy (Nx) mice by inhibiting the RAS,TGF-β1/Smad, and MAPK pathways.
    Levistolide A
  • HY-W002879
    4-Hydroxyphenylboronic acid pinacol ester
    		99.72%
    4-Hydroxyphenylboronic acid pinacol ester is a ROS-responsive component. 4-Hydroxyphenylboronic acid pinacol ester can structurally modify hyaluronic acid to prepare ROS-responsive intelligent nanocarriers and compound delivery systems. 4-Hydroxyphenylboronic acid pinacol ester endows hyaluronic acid-based nanocarriers with ROS responsiveness, enabling them to rapidly release the encapsulated Curcumin (HY-N0005) in the presence of reactive oxygen species. 4-Hydroxyphenylboronic acid pinacol ester is applicable to research related to periodontitis. 4-Hydroxyphenylboronic acid pinacol ester can also be used for the synthesis of boronic acid-modified resins.
    4-Hydroxyphenylboronic acid pinacol ester
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity