2. Signaling Pathways
  3. Immunology/Inflammation
    Metabolic Enzyme/Protease
    NF-κB
  4. Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)

Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)

Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)

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Reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as superoxide anion (O2-), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and hydroxyl radical (HO•), consist of radical and non-radical oxygen species formed by the partial reduction of oxygen. Cellular ROS are generated endogenously during mitochondrial oxidative metabolism as well as in cellular response to xenobiotics, cytokines, and bacterial invasion.

ROS also activates MAPK pathways by the direct inhibition of MAPK phosphatases. Through PTEN, the PI3K pathway is subject to reversible redox regulation by ROS generated by growth factor stimulation. The activation of autophagy may be a cellular defense mechanism in response to ROS.

Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-B0837
    Emamectin Benzoate
    		Activator 98.83%
    Emamectin Benzoate (MK-244) is an orally active nervoussystem toxicant by binding g-aminobutyric (GABA) receptor in insects. Emamectin Benzoate is one of semi-synthetic derivative of Avermectin (HY-15311) with a broadspectrum of insecticidal and acaricidal activity. Emamectin Benzoate induces ROS-mediated DNA damage and cell apoptosis. Emamectin Benzoate, a mixture of the natural Emamectin B1a benzoate and Emamectin B1b benzoate, has the main component of Emamectin B1a benzoate.
    Emamectin Benzoate
  • HY-B0543
    Allylthiourea
    		99.95%
    Allylthiourea can selectively inhibit the oxidation of ammonia. Allylthiourea is commonly used to inhibit nitrification by targeting ammonia monooxygenase and chelating copper in the active site to suppress its activity. Allylthiourea also exhibits anticancer activity, showing cytotoxicity against the MCF-7 cell line with an IC50 of 5.22 mM. Allylthiourea can be utilized in research related to micropollutant biodegradability and cancer studies.
    Allylthiourea
  • HY-B0612
    Lercanidipine
    		Inhibitor 99.93%
    Lercanidipine is a third-generation, lipophilic, brain-penetrant, vascular-selective and orally active dihydropyridine-calcium channel blocker with a pIC50 of 7.74 (converts from μM). Lercanidipine has long lasting antihypertensive action as well as reno- and neuro-protective effect. Lercanidipine also shows anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic properties. Lercanidipine can be used in cardiovascular and neurological research.
    Lercanidipine
  • HY-128741
    D-Allose
    		Inhibitor 99.85%
    D-Allose exhibits antitumor activity against various cancer cells. D-Allose scavenges reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reduces oxidative stress damage. D-Allose exhibits anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective through inhibition of TLR4/PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. D-Allose exhibits antihypertensive, cryoprotective, and anti-osteoporotic activities.
    D-Allose
  • HY-113410
    3-Methylglutaric acid
    		Inducer 98.0%
    3-Methylglutaric acid is a non-selective inhibitor of mitochondrial function and Na+, K+-ATPase, with an inhibition rate of 30% on rat cortical synaptosomal Na+, K+-ATPase. 3-Methylglutaric acid can induce reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, thereby causing oxidative damage and inhibiting mitochondrial redox potential and ion pump function of cell membranes. 3-Methylglutaric acid can be used to study the neuropathological mechanisms of metabolic diseases and the role of oxidative stress-mediated neuronal damage in neurodegeneration.
    3-Methylglutaric acid
  • HY-118487
    OB-24
    		Inhibitor 98.21%
    OB-24 is a selective small-molecule HO-1 inhibitor (IC50 = 1.9 μM for HO-1 and IC50 for HO-2 >100 μM). OB-24 possesses anti-tumor and anti-metastatic properties. OB-24 can be studies in research such as prostate cancer, melanoma, ovarian carcinoma and lung metastasis.
    OB-24
  • HY-N0513
    Loganic acid
    		Inhibitor 99.05%
    Loganic acid is an iridoid isolated from cornelian cherry fruits. Loganic acid inhibits NF-κB signaling pathway, activates Nrf2 signaling pathway, exhibits anti-inflammatory activity. Loganic acid can modulate diet-induced atherosclerosis and redox status. Loganic acid has strong free radical scavenging activity and remarkable cyto-protective effect against heavy metal mediated toxicity. Loganic acid is orally active.
    Loganic acid
  • HY-N7493
    N-acetyldopamine
    		Inhibitor 99.36%
    N-acetyldopamine is a sepiapterin reductase inhibitor. N-acetyldopamine is a catecholamine that is used by insects as sclerotizing precursors to harden their cuticle. N-acetyldopamine can attenuate LPS-stimulated TNF-α production and superoxide production in THP-1 cells.
    N-acetyldopamine
  • HY-B0166S
    L-Ascorbic acid-13C6
    		99.90%
    L-Ascorbic acid-13C6 is the 13C-labeled L-Ascorbic acid. L-Ascorbic acid (L-Ascorbate), an electron donor, is an endogenous antioxidant agent. L-Ascorbic acid inhibits selectively Cav3.2 channels with an IC50 of 6.5 μM. L-Ascorbic acid is also a collagen deposition enhancer and an elastogenesis inhibitor. L-Ascorbic acid exhibits anti-cancer effects through the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and selective damage to cancer cells.
    L-Ascorbic acid-<sup>13</sup>C<sub>6</sub>
  • HY-N2584A
    Isoxanthohumol
    		Inducer 99.91%
    Isoxanthohumol is an orally active flavonoid compound. Isoxanthohumol has biological activities such as anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antiviral, antifungal, and inhibition of adipogenesis. Isoxanthohumol can induce apoptosis, autophagy, and migration of tumor cells. Isoxanthohumol is active against viruses such as HSV, BVDV, CMV, and Rhino. Isoxanthohumol can be used for the research of tumors, metabolic, and inflammatory diseases.
    Isoxanthohumol
  • HY-N12060
    Ginkgo biloba extract
    		Inhibitor
    Ginkgo biloba extract is a natural product that can be isolated from Ginkgo biloba leaves. Ginkgo biloba extract alleviates oxidative stress-induced neuronal apoptosis (Apoptosis) by stabilizing mitochondrial function, regulating Bcl-2 family proteins and inhibiting caspase activation. Ginkgo biloba extract alleviates testicular injury by upregulating SKP2 and inhibiting Beclin1-independent autophagy (Autophagy). Ginkgo biloba extract alleviates various types of neuronal damage in animal models. Ginkgo biloba extract reduces behavioral sensitization in rats. Ginkgo biloba extract counteracts Aβ-induced neurotoxicity by blocking a series of Aβ-triggered events, including glucose uptake, ROS accumulation, AKT activation, mitochondrial dysfunction, JNK and ERK 1/2 pathways, and apoptosis, and also interferes with the formation of Aβ oligomers. Ginkgo biloba extract is applicable to research related to cerebral hypoperfusion, testicular injury, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, multi-infarct dementia, stroke, traumatic brain injury and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
    Ginkgo biloba extract
  • HY-B1425
    Ethoxyquin
    		98.76%
    Ethoxyquin is an antioxidant which has been used in animal feed for many years and also an inhibitor of heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90).
    Ethoxyquin
  • HY-161119
    Drpitor1a
    		Inhibitor
    Drpitor1a is a potent Drp1 inhibitor. Drpitor1a inhibits mitochondrial ROS production, preventes mitochondrial fission, and improves right ventricular diastolic dysfunction during IR (ischemia reperfusion) injury. Drpitor1a has the potential for the research of lung cancer[1]
    Drpitor1a
  • HY-B0988R
    Deferoxamine mesylate (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    Deferoxamine (mesylate) (Standard) is the analytical standard of Deferoxamine (mesylate). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Deferoxamine mesylate (Deferoxamine B mesylate) is an iron chelator (binds to Fe(III) and many other metal cations), is widely used to reduce iron accumulation and deposition in tissues. Deferoxamine mesylate upregulates HIF-1α levels with good antioxidant activity. Deferoxamine mesylate also shows anti-proliferative activity, can induce apoptosis and autophagy in cancer cells. Deferoxamine mesylate can be used in studies of diabetes, neurodegenerative diseases as well as anti-cancer and anti-COVID-19.
    Deferoxamine mesylate (Standard)
  • HY-N0735
    Phellodendrine chloride
    		Inducer 99.68%
    Phellodendrine chloride is an orally active plant alkaloid. Phellodendrine chloride inhibits the proliferation of KRAS-mutated pancreatic cancer cells by suppressing macropinocytosis and glutamine metabolism, inducing ROS accumulation and mitochondrial apoptosis. Phellodendrine chloride promotes autophagy by activating the AMPK/mTOR pathway, alleviating intestinal damage in ulcerative colitis. Phellodendrine chloride can alleviate gouty arthritis by inhibiting the IL-6/STAT3 signaling pathway. Phellodendrine chloride suppresses allergic reactions by altering the conformation of MRGPRB3/MRGPRX2 protein, thereby inhibiting the activation of PKC and subsequent downstream MAPK and NF-κB signaling. Phellodendrine chloride inhibits the AKT/NF-κB pathway and down-regulates the expression of COX-2, thereby protecting zebrafish embryos from oxidative stress. Phellodendrine chloride has an anti-major depressive disorder (MDD) effect by down-regulating CHRM1, HTR1A, and the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway.
    Phellodendrine chloride
  • HY-77813
    Benzyl isothiocyanate
    		99.62%
    Benzyl isothiocyanate is an orally available isothiocyanate with bactericidal, anticancer, antiangiogenic and anthelmintic activities. Benzyl isothiocyanate exerts anticancer functions by regulating multiple signaling pathways, including apoptosis, cell proliferation, cell cycle arrest, metastasis, angiogenesis, and autophagy. In addition, Benzyl isothiocyanate can enhance muscle insulin sensitivity to improve obesity-induced hyperglycemia.
    Benzyl isothiocyanate
  • HY-N0712
    Typhaneoside
    		Activator 99.74%
    Typhaneoside is an orally active activator of PI3K/Akt/mTOR and farnesoid X receptor. Typhaneoside promotes the activation of AMPK and Caspase-3, induces apoptosis, ferroptosis, autophagy, ROS accumulation, cell cycle arrest at the G2/M phase, and reduces cancer cell viability. Typhaneoside improves glucose and lipid metabolism, alleviates inflammatory responses, oxidative stress and hepatic lipid accumulation, and exerts hepatoprotective effects. Typhaneoside can be used in research related to heart failure after myocardial infarction, acute myeloid leukemia, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and neurological disorders.
    Typhaneoside
  • HY-153873
    MSU38225
    		Inducer 99.94%
    MSU38225 is an Nrf-2 inhibitor that increases levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS). MSU38225 inhibits the growth of human lung cancer cells and enhances the sensitivity of human lung cancer cells to chemotherapy in vitro and in vivo. MSU38225 can be used in cancer research.
    MSU38225
  • HY-122308
    Militarine
    		Inhibitor 99.94%
    Militarine is a plant growth inhibitor and anti-inflammatory agent. Militarine inhibits the elongation of radicles and hypocotyls in seedlings of lettuce, Italian ryegrass and timothy grass. Militarine alleviates PM2.5-induced inflammatory injury and inhibits cell migration in human alveolar epithelial A549 cells by inhibiting the NF-κB signaling pathway, reducing oxidative stress and the release of inflammatory factors. Militarine can be used in studies related to PM2.5-induced pulmonary diseases.
    Militarine
  • HY-126861
    2'-Deoxy-5-formylcytidine
    		99.85%
    2'-Deoxy-5-formylcytidine is an effective internal triplet photosensitizer in DNA. 2'-Deoxy-5-formylcytidine could act as a new hot spot in DNA photodamage.
    2'-Deoxy-5-formylcytidine
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity