Hardwickiic acid  (Synonyms: (-)-Hardwickiic acid; (-)-Hardwikiic acid)

Hardwickiic acid ((-)-Hardwickiic acid) is a diterpenoid compound. Hardwickiic acid can block tetrodotoxin-sensitive voltage-dependent sodium channels and possesses multiple activities such as insecticidal, antinociceptive, and neurotransmitter release-regulating effects. Hardwickiic acid can be used in the study of neurological diseases^[1][2][3].

Hardwickiic acid (0-100 nM; 90 s) promotes K⁺-evoked [³H]noradrenaline overflow in mouse hippocampal synaptosomes^[1].
Hardwickiic acid (5 ppm; 24 h) causes 62% mortality in adult female Aphis craccivora aphids^[2].
Hardwickiic acid (20 μM) inhibits tetrodotoxin-sensitive voltage-gated sodium channels in rat dorsal root ganglion neurons^[3].

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

Hardwickiic acid (2 μg/5 μL; intrathecal injection; single dose) exhibits antinociceptive activity in both HIV-1 gp120-induced sensory neuropathy rat models and Paclitaxel (HY-B0015)-induced peripheral neuropathy rat models^[3].

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

316.43

C₂₀H₂₈O₃

1782-65-6

Solid

White to off-white

C[C@]12[C@@](CCC=C2C(O)=O)([H])[C@](C)([C@H](C)CC1)CCC3=COC=C3

Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.

• [1]. Pittaluga A, et al. Effects of the neoclerodane Hardwickiic acid on the presynaptic opioid receptors which modulate noradrenaline and dopamine release in mouse central nervous system. Neurochem Int. 2013 Mar;62(4):354-9.  [Content Brief]

  [2]. Bandara BM, et al. Isolation and Insecticidal Activity of (-)-Hardwickiic Acid from Croton aromaticus. Planta Med. 1987 Dec;53(6):575.  [Content Brief]

  [3]. Cai S, et al. (-)-Hardwickiic Acid and Hautriwaic Acid Induce Antinociception via Blockade of Tetrodotoxin-Sensitive Voltage-Dependent Sodium Channels. ACS Chem Neurosci. 2019 Mar 20;10(3):1716-1728.  [Content Brief]