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substantia nigra

" in MedChemExpress (MCE) Product Catalog:

By Targets:	5-HT Receptor (1) Adenylate Cyclase (1) Akt (2) AMPK (1) Apoptosis (3) ASK1 (2) COX (1) Dopamine Receptor (10) Drug Metabolite (1) Endogenous Metabolite (4) Ferroptosis (4) IKK (1) Interleukin Related (1) Isotope-Labeled Compounds (2) JNK (1) Keap1-Nrf2 (3) Mitochondrial Metabolism (2) Monoamine Transporter (6) nAChR (1) NO Synthase (1) p38 MAPK (1) PGE synthase (1) Prostaglandin Receptor (1) Proteasome (1) Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) (2) Reference Standards (4) Sirtuin (1) α-synuclein (4)
By Research Areas:	Cancer (1) Inflammation/Immunology (1) Metabolic Disease (1) Neurological Disease (22)

By Targets:

5-HT Receptor (1)

Adenylate Cyclase (1)

Akt (2)

AMPK (1)

Apoptosis (3)

ASK1 (2)

COX (1)

Dopamine Receptor (10)

Drug Metabolite (1)

Endogenous Metabolite (4)

Ferroptosis (4)

IKK (1)

Interleukin Related (1)

Isotope-Labeled Compounds (2)

JNK (1)

Keap1-Nrf2 (3)

Mitochondrial Metabolism (2)

Monoamine Transporter (6)

nAChR (1)

NO Synthase (1)

p38 MAPK (1)

PGE synthase (1)

Prostaglandin Receptor (1)

Proteasome (1)

Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) (2)

Reference Standards (4)

Sirtuin (1)

α-synuclein (4)

By Research Areas:

Cancer (1)

Inflammation/Immunology (1)

Metabolic Disease (1)

Neurological Disease (22)

Inhibitors & Agonists

Screening Libraries

Peptides

Natural
Products

Isotope-Labeled Compounds

Cat. No.	Product Name	Target	Research Areas	Chemical Structure

HY-W008719

MPP+ iodide Maximum Cited Publications 34 Publications Verification	Mitochondrial Metabolism	Neurological Disease
MPP+ iodide, a toxic metabolite of the neurotoxin MPTP, causes symptom of Parkinson's disease in animal models by selectively destroying dopaminergic neurons in substantia nigra. MPP+ iodide is taken up by the dopamine transporter into dopaminergic neurons where it exerts its neurotoxic action on mitochondria by affecting complex I of the respiratory chain. MPP+ iodide is also a high affinity substrate for the serotonin transporter (SERT) .

HY-B0451A

Dopamine hydrochloride 20+ Cited Publications ASL279	Dopamine Receptor Endogenous Metabolite Ferroptosis	Neurological Disease
Dopamine hydrochloride (ASL279) is a catecholamine neurotransmitter that is produced in the substantia nigra, ventral tegmental area, and hypothalamus of the brain. Dopamine hydrochloride (ASL279) plays several important roles in the brain and body . Dopamine hydrochloride (ASL279) acts through D2 dopamine receptors to induce endocytosis of VEGFR2, which is critical for promoting angiogenesis .

HY-B0451

Dopamine 20+ Cited Publications ASL279 free base	Dopamine Receptor Endogenous Metabolite Ferroptosis	Neurological Disease
Dopamine is a catecholamine neurotransmitter that is produced in the substantia nigra, ventral tegmental area, and hypothalamus of the brain. Dopamine plays several important roles in the brain and body . Dopamine acts through D2 dopamine receptors to induce endocytosis of VEGFR2, which is critical for promoting angiogenesis .

HY-123053

Z-Leu-Leu-Glu-AMC 3 Publications Verification Z-LLE-AMC	Proteasome	Neurological Disease
Z-Leu-Leu-Glu-AMC (Z-LLE-AMC) is a peptide-AMC linked substrate used to measure the postacidic-like hydrolysing activity of proteasome. Z-Leu-Leu-Glu-AMC can be used for the research of parkinson's disease .

HY-B0590

Tetrabenazine 1 Publications Verification Ro 1-9569	Monoamine Transporter Dopamine Receptor	Neurological Disease
Tetrabenazine (Ro 1-9569) is a brain-penetrant and orally active VMAT2-selective ligand with human VMAT2 K_i 100 nM. Tetrabenazine binds VMAT2 to block monoamine uptake into synaptic vesicles, potentiates cytoplasmic monoamine degradation. Tetrabenazine weakly blocks dopamine D2 receptors, and increases dopamine turnover via elevated cerebrospinal fluid homovanillic acid. Tetrabenazine can be used for the research of Huntington’s disease, tardive dyskinesia, and Tourette’s syndrome .

HY-B1065

Aceglutamide α-N-Acetyl-L-glutamine; N2-Acetylglutamine	Keap1-Nrf2 Akt ASK1 Apoptosis	Neurological Disease
Aceglutamide (α-N-Acetyl-L-glutamine; N2-Acetylglutamine) is a neuroprotectant that can penetrate the blood-brain barrier. Aceglutamide can enhance the antioxidant systems of glutathione (GSH), thioredoxin (Trx) and Nrf2. Aceglutamide also inhibits ASK1 and TRAF1, activates the Akt/Bcl-2 anti-apoptotic pathway, enhances the activity of antioxidant enzymes and reduces oxidative damage. Aceglutamide can improve neurological deficits after cerebral ischemia, reduce infarct volume, and inhibit neuronal apoptosis, especially substantia nigra dopaminergic neurons. Aceglutamide can reduce cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury, improve motor dysfunction, and is used in ischemic stroke-related research .

HY-B0590S

Tetrabenazine-d6 Ro 1-9569-d₆	Monoamine Transporter	Neurological Disease
Tetrabenazine-d₆ (Deutetrabenazine) is a deuterium-labled Tetrabenazine (HY-B0590). Tetrabenazine (Ro 1-9569) is a brain-penetrant and orally active VMAT2-selective ligand with human VMAT2 K_i 100 nM. Tetrabenazine binds VMAT2 to block monoamine uptake into synaptic vesicles, potentiates cytoplasmic monoamine degradation. Tetrabenazine weakly blocks dopamine D2 receptors, and increases dopamine turnover via elevated cerebrospinal fluid homovanillic acid. Tetrabenazine can be used for the research of Huntington’s disease, tardive dyskinesia, and Tourette’s syndrome .

HY-120475

PBT434 2 Publications Verification ATH434	α-synuclein	Neurological Disease
PBT434 is a potent, orally active and cross the blood-brain barrier α-synuclein aggregation inhibitor. PBT434 can be used as a iron chelator and modulates transcellular iron trafficking. PBT434 inhibits iron-mediated redox activity and iron-mediated aggregation of α-synuclein. PBT434 prevents the loss of substantia nigra pars compacta neurons (SNpc). PBT434 has the potential for the research of Parkinson’s disease (PD) .

HY-B0451AR

Dopamine hydrochloride (Standard) ASL279 (Standard)	Reference Standards Dopamine Receptor Endogenous Metabolite Ferroptosis	Neurological Disease
Dopamine (hydrochloride) (Standard) is the analytical standard of Dopamine (hydrochloride). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Dopamine hydrochloride (ASL279) is a catecholamine neurotransmitter that is produced in the substantia nigra, ventral tegmental area, and hypothalamus of the brain. Dopamine hydrochloride (ASL279) plays several important roles in the brain and body . Dopamine hydrochloride (ASL279) acts through D2 dopamine receptors to induce endocytosis of VEGFR2, which is critical for promoting angiogenesis .

HY-B0451AS7

Dopamine-d5 hydrochloride ASL279-d5 hydrochloride	Isotope-Labeled Compounds Dopamine Receptor Endogenous Metabolite Ferroptosis	Neurological Disease
Dopamine-d₅ (hydrochloride) is the deuterium labeled Dopamine (hydrochloride). Dopamine hydrochloride (ASL279) is a catecholamine neurotransmitter that is produced in the substantia nigra, ventral tegmental area, and hypothalamus of the brain. Dopamine hydrochloride (ASL279) plays several important roles in the brain and body . Dopamine hydrochloride (ASL279) acts through D2 dopamine receptors to induce endocytosis of VEGFR2, which is critical for promoting angiogenesis .

HY-171705

KMS99220	Keap1-Nrf2 AMPK JNK IKK p38 MAPK NO Synthase α-synuclein Interleukin Related	Neurological Disease
KMS99220 is an orally active, blood-brain barrier-permeable activator of the Nrf2 inhibitory protein Keap-1. KMS99220 enhances the activity of AMPK, activates the Nrf2 signaling pathway, and reduces the phosphorylation of IκB, nuclear translocation of NFκB, as well as the phosphorylation levels of JNK, IKK and p38 MAPK via HO-1. KMS99220 binds to Keap1 to trigger the nuclear translocation of Nrf2, induces the expression of HO-1, NQO1, GCLC, GCLM and proteasome subunits; enhances proteasomal enzymatic activity; inhibits iNOS expression, nitric oxide production and IL-1β generation; attenuates microglial activation; reduces α-synuclein aggregation; and prevents dopaminergic neuron degeneration and motor dysfunction. KMS99220 prevents the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra, induces the expression of Nrf2 downstream target genes, and effectively ameliorates associated motor dysfunction in a mouse model of Parkinson's disease. KMS99220 is applicable to research related to Parkinson's disease .

HY-B0590A

Tetrabenazine Racemate Ro 1-9569 Racemate	Monoamine Transporter Dopamine Receptor	Neurological Disease
Tetrabenazine (Ro 1-9569) Racemate is a brain-penetrant and orally active VMAT2-selective ligand with human VMAT2 K_i 100 nM. Tetrabenazine Racemate binds VMAT2 to block monoamine uptake into synaptic vesicles, potentiates cytoplasmic monoamine degradation. Tetrabenazine Racemate weakly blocks dopamine D2 receptors, and increases dopamine turnover via elevated cerebrospinal fluid homovanillic acid. Tetrabenazine Racemate can be used for the research of Huntington’s disease, tardive dyskinesia, and Tourette’s syndrome .

HY-120475A

PBT434 mesylate 2 Publications Verification ATH434 mesylate	α-synuclein	Neurological Disease
PBT434 methanesulfonate is a potent, orally active and cross the blood-brain barrier α-synuclein aggregation inhibitor. PBT434 methanesulfonate can be used as a iron chelator and modulates transcellular iron trafficking. PBT434 methanesulfonate inhibits iron-mediated redox activity and iron-mediated aggregation of α-synuclein. PBT434 methanesulfonate prevents the loss of substantia nigra pars compacta neurons (SNpc). PBT434 methanesulfonate has the potential for the research of Parkinson’s disease (PD) .

HY-163987

SIRT3 activator 2	Sirtuin	Neurological Disease
SIRT3 activator 2 (compound 2a) is a SIRT3 activator. SIRT3 activator 2 improved the thermal stability of SIRT3 in SH-SY5Y cells, indicating that it can directly bind to SIRT3, has SIRT3 dependency in SH-SY5Y to clear α-Syn. SIRT3 activator 2 improves motor function in Parkinson mice, preventing Parkinson (DA) neuron loss in the substantia nigra in a dose-dependent manner .

HY-160959

AN317	nAChR	Neurological Disease
AN317 is a selective agonist for α6β2-containing nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) with K_i of 6.2 nM and 4.1 nM, for α6/α3β2β3 receptor and α4β2 receptor, respectively. AN317 induces dopamine release in the synaptosomes of the rat striatum, enhances dopaminergic neuronal activity in substantia nigra, and exhibits protective efficacy to rat neurons against dopamine neurotoxin MPP ⁺. AN317 exhibits good pharmacokinetic characteristics in rats. AN317 penetrates the blood-brain barrier (BB) .

HY-W008719S

MPP+-d3iodide	Mitochondrial Metabolism	Neurological Disease
MPP+-d₃ (iodide) is deuterium labeled MPP+ (iodide). MPP+ iodide, a toxic metabolite of the neurotoxin MPTP, causes symptom of Parkinson's disease in animal models by selectively destroying dopaminergic neurons in substantia nigra. MPP+ iodide is taken up by the dopamine transporter into dopaminergic neurons where it exerts its neurotoxic action on mitochondria by affecting complex I of the respiratory chain. MPP+ iodide is also a high affinity substrate for the serotonin transporter (SERT) .

HY-120475B

PBT434 free base ATH434 free base	α-synuclein	Neurological Disease
PBT434 (ATH434) free base is a potent, orally active and cross the blood-brain barrier α-synuclein aggregation inhibitor. PBT434 free base can be used as a iron chelator and modulates transcellular iron trafficking. PBT434 free base inhibits iron-mediated redox activity and iron-mediated aggregation of α-synuclein. PBT434 free base prevents the loss of substantia nigra pars compacta neurons (SNpc). PBT434 free base has the potential for the research of Parkinson’s disease (PD) .

HY-W778608R

Quercetin 7-glucuronide (Standard) Quercetin 7-O-β-glucuronide (Standard)	Drug Metabolite Reference Standards	Inflammation/Immunology
Dopamine (hydrochloride) (Standard) is the analytical standard of Dopamine (hydrochloride). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Dopamine hydrochloride (ASL279) is a catecholamine neurotransmitter that is produced in the substantia nigra, ventral tegmental area, and hypothalamus of the brain. Dopamine hydrochloride (ASL279) plays several important roles in the brain and body . Dopamine hydrochloride (ASL279) acts through D2 dopamine receptors to induce endocytosis of VEGFR2, which is critical for promoting angiogenesis .

HY-100539

PD 128907	Dopamine Receptor	Others
PD 128907 is a D3 receptor ligand with activities of activating dopamine receptors, inhibiting cell firing, and inhibiting dopamine release. The active (+) enantiomer of PD 128907 has high affinity and selectivity for rat D3 dopamine receptors. PD 128907 inhibits cell firing in the ventral tegmental area and substantia nigra pars compacta with EC₅₀ values of 33nM and 38nM, respectively. PD 128907 also inhibits dopamine release in the caudate putamen with an EC₅₀ of 66nM. However, the selective D2 receptor antagonist L-741,626 has high affinity for receptors activated by PD 128907, indicating that the effects of PD 128907 are more likely on D2 autoreceptors rather than D3 dopamine receptor subtypes.

HY-B1065R

Aceglutamide (Standard) α-N-Acetyl-L-glutamine (Standard); N2-Acetylglutamine (Standard)	Reference Standards Keap1-Nrf2 Akt ASK1 Apoptosis	Neurological Disease
Aceglutamide (α-N-Acetyl-L-glutamine; N2-Acetylglutamine) (Standard) is the analytical standard of Aceglutamide (HY-B1065). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Aceglutamide (α-N-Acetyl-L-glutamine; N2-Acetylglutamine) is a neuroprotectant that can penetrate the blood-brain barrier. Aceglutamide can enhance the antioxidant systems of glutathione (GSH), thioredoxin (Trx) and Nrf2. Aceglutamide also inhibits ASK1 and TRAF1, activates the Akt/Bcl-2 anti-apoptotic pathway, enhances the activity of antioxidant enzymes and reduces oxidative damage. Aceglutamide can improve neurological deficits after cerebral ischemia, reduce infarct volume, and inhibit neuronal apoptosis, especially substantia nigra dopaminergic neurons. Aceglutamide can reduce cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury, improve motor dysfunction, and is used in ischemic stroke-related research .

HY-W587743

N1-Acetyl-5-methoxykynuramine hydrochloride AMK hydrochloride	Prostaglandin Receptor PGE synthase COX Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)	Neurological Disease Metabolic Disease
N1-Acetyl-5-methoxykynuramine (AMK) hydrochloride is an active metabolite of the neurohormone melatonin (HY-B0075). N1-Acetyl-5-methoxykynuramine hydrochloride (200 µM) effectively scavenges singlet oxygen (ROS).1 It also inhibits the production of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and prostaglandin D2 (PGD2) induced by epinephrine and arachidonic acid in a concentration- and time-dependent manner, and suppresses the increase in COX-2 levels induced by LPS (HY-D1056) in RAW 264.7 macrophages at a concentration of 500 µM. In a mouse model of Parkinson's disease induced by MPTP (HY-15608), N1-Acetyl-5-methoxykynuramine hydrochloride (20 mg/kg) reduces the increase in lipid peroxidation in the cytosol and mitochondria of the substantia nigra and striatum. N1-Acetyl-5-methoxykynuramine hydrochloride can be used in research on metabolic and neurological diseases

HY-B0590E

Tetrabenazine mesylate Ro 1-9569 mesylate	Monoamine Transporter Dopamine Receptor	Neurological Disease
Tetrabenazine (Ro 1-9569) mesylate is a brain-penetrant and orally active VMAT2-selective ligand with human VMAT2 K_i 100 nM. Tetrabenazine mesylate binds VMAT2 to block monoamine uptake into synaptic vesicles, potentiates cytoplasmic monoamine degradation. Tetrabenazine mesylate weakly blocks dopamine D2 receptors, and increases dopamine turnover via elevated cerebrospinal fluid homovanillic acid. Tetrabenazine mesylate can be used for the research of Huntington’s disease, tardive dyskinesia, and Tourette’s syndrome .

HY-B0590R

Tetrabenazine (Standard) Ro 1-9569 (Standard)	Reference Standards Monoamine Transporter Dopamine Receptor	Neurological Disease
Tetrabenazine (Standard) is the analytical standard of Tetrabenazine (HY-B0590). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Tetrabenazine (Ro 1-9569) is a brain-penetrant and orally active VMAT2-selective ligand with human VMAT2 K_i 100 nM. Tetrabenazine binds VMAT2 to block monoamine uptake into synaptic vesicles, potentiates cytoplasmic monoamine degradation. Tetrabenazine weakly blocks dopamine D2 receptors, and increases dopamine turnover via elevated cerebrospinal fluid homovanillic acid. Tetrabenazine can be used for the research of Huntington’s disease, tardive dyskinesia, and Tourette’s syndrome .

HY-B0590S3

Tetrabenazine-d7 TBZ-d7-d₇; Ro 1-9569-d₇	Isotope-Labeled Compounds Monoamine Transporter Dopamine Receptor	Neurological Disease
Tetrabenazine-d₇ (TBZ-d₇-d₇) is deuterium labeled Tetrabenazine (HY-B0590). Tetrabenazine (Ro 1-9569) is a brain-penetrant and orally active VMAT2-selective ligand with human VMAT2 K_i 100 nM. Tetrabenazine binds VMAT2 to block monoamine uptake into synaptic vesicles, potentiates cytoplasmic monoamine degradation. Tetrabenazine weakly blocks dopamine D2 receptors, and increases dopamine turnover via elevated cerebrospinal fluid homovanillic acid. Tetrabenazine can be used for the research of Huntington’s disease, tardive dyskinesia, and Tourette’s syndrome .

HY-W130288

1-(1-Naphthyl)piperazine	5-HT Receptor Adenylate Cyclase Apoptosis Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)	Cancer
1-(1-Naphthyl)piperazine is a 5-HT receptor modulator that acts as both a 5-HT2A receptor antagonist and 5-HT1A receptor agonist, and binds to human 5-HT6 receptor with a K_i of 120 nM. 1-(1-Naphthyl)piperazine partially inhibits forskolin-stimulated adenylate cyclase activity in calf substantia nigra. 1-(1-Naphthyl)piperazine inhibits UV-induced immunosuppression. 1-(1-Naphthyl)piperazine induces S-phase cell cycle delay, apoptosis and increases ROS levels, leading to inhibit MNT-1 cell proliferation. 1-(1-Naphthyl)piperazine can be used for melanoma research .

Cat. No.	Product Name

HY-L085

Anti-Parkinson's Disease Compound Library	2,085 compounds
Parkinson’s disease (PD), the second most common age-associated neurodegenerative disorder, is characterized by the loss of dopaminergic (DA) neurons and the presence of α-synuclein-containing aggregates in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc). Motor features such as tremor, rigidity, bradykinesia and postural instability are common traits of PD. To date, there is no treatment to stop or at least slow down the progression of the disease. The etiology and pathogenesis of PD is still elusive, however, a large body of evidence suggests a prominent role of oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptosis, mitochondrial dysfunction and proteasome dysfunction in the pathogenesis of PD. MCE offers a unique collection of 2,085 compounds with anti- Parkinson’s Disease activities or targeting the unique targets of PD. MCE Anti- Parkinson's Disease Compound Library is a useful tool for exploring the mechanism of PD and discovering new drugs for PD.

Anti-Parkinson's Disease Compound Library

2,085 compounds

Parkinson’s disease (PD), the second most common age-associated neurodegenerative disorder, is characterized by the loss of dopaminergic (DA) neurons and the presence of α-synuclein-containing aggregates in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc). Motor features such as tremor, rigidity, bradykinesia and postural instability are common traits of PD. To date, there is no treatment to stop or at least slow down the progression of the disease. The etiology and pathogenesis of PD is still elusive, however, a large body of evidence suggests a prominent role of oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptosis, mitochondrial dysfunction and proteasome dysfunction in the pathogenesis of PD.

MCE offers a unique collection of 2,085 compounds with anti- Parkinson’s Disease activities or targeting the unique targets of PD. MCE Anti- Parkinson's Disease Compound Library is a useful tool for exploring the mechanism of PD and discovering new drugs for PD.

Cat. No.	Product Name	Target	Research Area

HY-123053

Z-Leu-Leu-Glu-AMC 3 Publications Verification Z-LLE-AMC	Proteasome	Neurological Disease
Z-Leu-Leu-Glu-AMC (Z-LLE-AMC) is a peptide-AMC linked substrate used to measure the postacidic-like hydrolysing activity of proteasome. Z-Leu-Leu-Glu-AMC can be used for the research of parkinson's disease .

Cat. No.	Product Name	Category	Target	Chemical Structure

HY-B0451A

Dopamine hydrochloride 20+ Cited Publications ASL279	Microorganisms Phenols Polyphenols Endogenous metabolite Source Classification	Dopamine Receptor Endogenous Metabolite Ferroptosis
Dopamine hydrochloride (ASL279) is a catecholamine neurotransmitter that is produced in the substantia nigra, ventral tegmental area, and hypothalamus of the brain. Dopamine hydrochloride (ASL279) plays several important roles in the brain and body . Dopamine hydrochloride (ASL279) acts through D2 dopamine receptors to induce endocytosis of VEGFR2, which is critical for promoting angiogenesis .

HY-B0451

Dopamine 20+ Cited Publications ASL279 free base	Phenols Polyphenols Endogenous metabolite	Dopamine Receptor Endogenous Metabolite Ferroptosis
Dopamine is a catecholamine neurotransmitter that is produced in the substantia nigra, ventral tegmental area, and hypothalamus of the brain. Dopamine plays several important roles in the brain and body . Dopamine acts through D2 dopamine receptors to induce endocytosis of VEGFR2, which is critical for promoting angiogenesis .

HY-B1065

Aceglutamide α-N-Acetyl-L-glutamine; N2-Acetylglutamine	Microorganisms Ketones, Aldehydes, Acids Endogenous metabolite Source Classification	Keap1-Nrf2 Akt ASK1 Apoptosis
Aceglutamide (α-N-Acetyl-L-glutamine; N2-Acetylglutamine) is a neuroprotectant that can penetrate the blood-brain barrier. Aceglutamide can enhance the antioxidant systems of glutathione (GSH), thioredoxin (Trx) and Nrf2. Aceglutamide also inhibits ASK1 and TRAF1, activates the Akt/Bcl-2 anti-apoptotic pathway, enhances the activity of antioxidant enzymes and reduces oxidative damage. Aceglutamide can improve neurological deficits after cerebral ischemia, reduce infarct volume, and inhibit neuronal apoptosis, especially substantia nigra dopaminergic neurons. Aceglutamide can reduce cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury, improve motor dysfunction, and is used in ischemic stroke-related research .

HY-B0451AR

Dopamine hydrochloride (Standard) ASL279 (Standard)	Structural Classification Microorganisms Phenols Polyphenols Endogenous metabolite Source Classification	Reference Standards Dopamine Receptor Endogenous Metabolite Ferroptosis
Dopamine (hydrochloride) (Standard) is the analytical standard of Dopamine (hydrochloride). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Dopamine hydrochloride (ASL279) is a catecholamine neurotransmitter that is produced in the substantia nigra, ventral tegmental area, and hypothalamus of the brain. Dopamine hydrochloride (ASL279) plays several important roles in the brain and body . Dopamine hydrochloride (ASL279) acts through D2 dopamine receptors to induce endocytosis of VEGFR2, which is critical for promoting angiogenesis .

HY-W778608R

Quercetin 7-glucuronide (Standard) Quercetin 7-O-β-glucuronide (Standard)	Flavonols Flavonoids Pedaliaceae Plants Uncarina grandidieri (Baill.) Ihlenf. & Straka Source Classification	Drug Metabolite Reference Standards
Dopamine (hydrochloride) (Standard) is the analytical standard of Dopamine (hydrochloride). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Dopamine hydrochloride (ASL279) is a catecholamine neurotransmitter that is produced in the substantia nigra, ventral tegmental area, and hypothalamus of the brain. Dopamine hydrochloride (ASL279) plays several important roles in the brain and body . Dopamine hydrochloride (ASL279) acts through D2 dopamine receptors to induce endocytosis of VEGFR2, which is critical for promoting angiogenesis .

HY-B1065R

Aceglutamide (Standard) α-N-Acetyl-L-glutamine (Standard); N2-Acetylglutamine (Standard)	Structural Classification Microorganisms Ketones, Aldehydes, Acids Endogenous metabolite Source Classification	Reference Standards Keap1-Nrf2 Akt ASK1 Apoptosis
Aceglutamide (α-N-Acetyl-L-glutamine; N2-Acetylglutamine) (Standard) is the analytical standard of Aceglutamide (HY-B1065). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Aceglutamide (α-N-Acetyl-L-glutamine; N2-Acetylglutamine) is a neuroprotectant that can penetrate the blood-brain barrier. Aceglutamide can enhance the antioxidant systems of glutathione (GSH), thioredoxin (Trx) and Nrf2. Aceglutamide also inhibits ASK1 and TRAF1, activates the Akt/Bcl-2 anti-apoptotic pathway, enhances the activity of antioxidant enzymes and reduces oxidative damage. Aceglutamide can improve neurological deficits after cerebral ischemia, reduce infarct volume, and inhibit neuronal apoptosis, especially substantia nigra dopaminergic neurons. Aceglutamide can reduce cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury, improve motor dysfunction, and is used in ischemic stroke-related research .

Cat. No.	Product Name	Chemical Structure

HY-B0590S

Tetrabenazine-d6
Tetrabenazine-d₆ (Deutetrabenazine) is a deuterium-labled Tetrabenazine (HY-B0590). Tetrabenazine (Ro 1-9569) is a brain-penetrant and orally active VMAT2-selective ligand with human VMAT2 K_i 100 nM. Tetrabenazine binds VMAT2 to block monoamine uptake into synaptic vesicles, potentiates cytoplasmic monoamine degradation. Tetrabenazine weakly blocks dopamine D2 receptors, and increases dopamine turnover via elevated cerebrospinal fluid homovanillic acid. Tetrabenazine can be used for the research of Huntington’s disease, tardive dyskinesia, and Tourette’s syndrome .

Tetrabenazine-d6

Tetrabenazine-d₆ (Deutetrabenazine) is a deuterium-labled Tetrabenazine (HY-B0590). Tetrabenazine (Ro 1-9569) is a brain-penetrant and orally active VMAT2-selective ligand with human VMAT2 K_i 100 nM. Tetrabenazine binds VMAT2 to block monoamine uptake into synaptic vesicles, potentiates cytoplasmic monoamine degradation. Tetrabenazine weakly blocks dopamine D2 receptors, and increases dopamine turnover via elevated cerebrospinal fluid homovanillic acid. Tetrabenazine can be used for the research of Huntington’s disease, tardive dyskinesia, and Tourette’s syndrome .

HY-B0451AS7

Dopamine-d5 hydrochloride
Dopamine-d₅ (hydrochloride) is the deuterium labeled Dopamine (hydrochloride). Dopamine hydrochloride (ASL279) is a catecholamine neurotransmitter that is produced in the substantia nigra, ventral tegmental area, and hypothalamus of the brain. Dopamine hydrochloride (ASL279) plays several important roles in the brain and body . Dopamine hydrochloride (ASL279) acts through D2 dopamine receptors to induce endocytosis of VEGFR2, which is critical for promoting angiogenesis .

Dopamine-d5 hydrochloride

Dopamine-d₅ (hydrochloride) is the deuterium labeled Dopamine (hydrochloride). Dopamine hydrochloride (ASL279) is a catecholamine neurotransmitter that is produced in the substantia nigra, ventral tegmental area, and hypothalamus of the brain. Dopamine hydrochloride (ASL279) plays several important roles in the brain and body . Dopamine hydrochloride (ASL279) acts through D2 dopamine receptors to induce endocytosis of VEGFR2, which is critical for promoting angiogenesis .

HY-W008719S

MPP+-d3iodide
MPP+-d₃ (iodide) is deuterium labeled MPP+ (iodide). MPP+ iodide, a toxic metabolite of the neurotoxin MPTP, causes symptom of Parkinson's disease in animal models by selectively destroying dopaminergic neurons in substantia nigra. MPP+ iodide is taken up by the dopamine transporter into dopaminergic neurons where it exerts its neurotoxic action on mitochondria by affecting complex I of the respiratory chain. MPP+ iodide is also a high affinity substrate for the serotonin transporter (SERT) .

MPP+-d3iodide

MPP+-d₃ (iodide) is deuterium labeled MPP+ (iodide). MPP+ iodide, a toxic metabolite of the neurotoxin MPTP, causes symptom of Parkinson's disease in animal models by selectively destroying dopaminergic neurons in substantia nigra. MPP+ iodide is taken up by the dopamine transporter into dopaminergic neurons where it exerts its neurotoxic action on mitochondria by affecting complex I of the respiratory chain. MPP+ iodide is also a high affinity substrate for the serotonin transporter (SERT) .

HY-B0590S3

Tetrabenazine-d7
Tetrabenazine-d₇ (TBZ-d₇-d₇) is deuterium labeled Tetrabenazine (HY-B0590). Tetrabenazine (Ro 1-9569) is a brain-penetrant and orally active VMAT2-selective ligand with human VMAT2 K_i 100 nM. Tetrabenazine binds VMAT2 to block monoamine uptake into synaptic vesicles, potentiates cytoplasmic monoamine degradation. Tetrabenazine weakly blocks dopamine D2 receptors, and increases dopamine turnover via elevated cerebrospinal fluid homovanillic acid. Tetrabenazine can be used for the research of Huntington’s disease, tardive dyskinesia, and Tourette’s syndrome .

Tetrabenazine-d7

Tetrabenazine-d₇ (TBZ-d₇-d₇) is deuterium labeled Tetrabenazine (HY-B0590). Tetrabenazine (Ro 1-9569) is a brain-penetrant and orally active VMAT2-selective ligand with human VMAT2 K_i 100 nM. Tetrabenazine binds VMAT2 to block monoamine uptake into synaptic vesicles, potentiates cytoplasmic monoamine degradation. Tetrabenazine weakly blocks dopamine D2 receptors, and increases dopamine turnover via elevated cerebrospinal fluid homovanillic acid. Tetrabenazine can be used for the research of Huntington’s disease, tardive dyskinesia, and Tourette’s syndrome .

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