2. Epigenetics PI3K/Akt/mTOR Metabolic Enzyme/Protease
  3. AMPK PGC-1α
  4. D-Arabitol

D-Arabitol is an orally active D-enantiomer of arabitol. D-Arabitol modulates the composition of gut microbiota, increases short-chain fatty acids, and promotes AMPK-PGC-1α-related browning of white adipose tissue. D-Arabitol improves weight gain, fat accumulation, insulin resistance, lipid deposition and inflammatory responses. D-Arabitol serves as the sole carbon/energy source for Bacillus methanolicus MGA3, a strain that can co-utilize it with mannitol. D-Arabitol is applicable to obesity-related research.

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D-Arabitol

D-Arabitol 構造式

CAS 番号 : 488-82-4

容量 価格（税別） 在庫状況 数量
Solid + Solvent (Highly Recommended)
10 mM * 1 mL in DMSO
ready for reconstitution
 USD 27 在庫あり
Solution
10 mM * 1 mL in DMSO USD 27 在庫あり
Solid
1 g $25 在庫あり
5 g $60 在庫あり
10 g $93 在庫あり
25 g $187 在庫あり
50 g $280 在庫あり
> 100 g   お問い合わせ  

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Other Forms of D-Arabitol:

D-Arabitol 関連抗体

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製品説明

D-Arabitol is an orally active D-enantiomer of arabitol. D-Arabitol modulates the composition of gut microbiota, increases short-chain fatty acids, and promotes AMPK-PGC-1α-related browning of white adipose tissue. D-Arabitol improves weight gain, fat accumulation, insulin resistance, lipid deposition and inflammatory responses. D-Arabitol serves as the sole carbon/energy source for Bacillus methanolicus MGA3, a strain that can co-utilize it with mannitol. D-Arabitol is applicable to obesity-related research[1][2].

IC50 & Target

Microbial Metabolite

 

Human Endogenous Metabolite

 

体外実験

D-arabitol (10-60 mM; duration of growth phase) supports growth of Bacillus methanolicus MGA3 as a sole carbon source with a growth rate of 0.20 h−1 at 15 mM, and is co-consumed with mannitol in equimolar mixtures[2].
D-arabitol (15 mM; growth to mid-exponential phase, OD600 = 1.0) induces significant upregulation of the atlABCD gene cluster in Bacillus methanolicus MGA3, with atlD transcript levels also elevated in co-consumption conditions with mannitol[2].
D-arabitol (30 mM; duration of growth phase) allows heterologous expression of Bacillus methanolicus MGA3 atlD alone, or the full atlABCD gene cluster, to restore growth of arabitol-negative Corynebacterium glutamicum ΔmtlD[2].
D-arabitol (15 mM; growth to mid-exponential phase, OD600 = 1.0) induces elevated arabitol phosphate dehydrogenase activity (0.05 U/mg) in crude cell extracts of Bacillus methanolicus MGA3, with high affinity for xylulose 5-phosphate (Km = 0.03 mM)[2].

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

D-Arabitol 関連抗体

Real Time qPCR[2]

Cell Line: Bacillus methanolicus MGA3
Concentration: 15 mM (RNA-seq, sole carbon source); 15 mM (RNA-seq, mannitol control); 15 mM (qRT-PCR, D-arabitol plus 15 mM mannitol)
Incubation Time: growth to mid-exponential phase (OD600 = 1.0)
Result: Induced significant upregulation of the atlA (log2 fold change = 3.06), atlB (log2 fold change = 3.41), atlC (log2 fold change = 2.73), and atlD (log2 fold change = 2.90) gene cluster when used as a 15 mM sole carbon source compared to 15 mM mannitol.
Showed elevated atlD transcript levels in cells grown on 15 mM D-arabitol plus 15 mM mannitol compared to mannitol alone, as confirmed by qRT-PCR.
体内実験

D-Arabitol (4-8%; dietary supplement; daily administration; 10 weeks) dose-dependently improves high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity, insulin resistance, lipid deposition and inflammation in male SD rats. Its mechanism of action involves regulating the gut microbiota, increasing SCFA production, and promoting white adipose tissue (WAT) browning via the AMPK-PGC-1α pathway[1].

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

Animal Model: Sprague-Dawley (SD) (male, 180 g)[1]
Dosage: 4% (dietary supplementation); 8% (dietary supplementation)
Administration: dietary supplementation; daily; 10 weeks
Result: Significantly reduced HFD-induced body weight gain, liver weight, epididymal fat weight, and Lee's index, with 8% D-Arabitol showing a greater reduction than 4%.
Reduced HFD-induced fasting glucose by 28.17% (8% dose).
Significantly decreased the HOMA-IR index and increased the QUICK index and serum adiponectin levels (both doses).
Dose-dependently reduced serum total cholesterol (TC), triacylglycerols (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and hepatic TC and TG, while increasing serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and reducing serum leptin, with 8% D-Arabitol showing more significant lipid-lowering effects than 4%.
Significantly reduced HFD-increased serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels, and reduced hepatic lipid droplet accumulation (8% dose).
Dose-dependently reduced serum levels of proinflammatory cytokines C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and decreased relative mRNA expression of proinflammatory cytokines IL-6, TNF-α, interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) in epididymal adipose tissue, while increasing anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-10 (IL-10) mRNA expression (both doses).
Significantly increased fecal concentrations of propionic acid, butyric acid, isovaleric acid, and total short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) compared to the HFD group (8% dose).
Upregulated relative mRNA expression of white adipose tissue (WAT) browning-related genes PPAR-γ, Cidea, Prdm16, PGC-1α, and UCP-1 in epididymal adipose tissue, and increased protein expression of AMPK, p-AMPK, and PPAR-γ (8% dose).
分子量

152.15

分子式

C5H12O5
CAS 番号
Appearance

Solid

Color

White to off-white

SMILES

OCC(O)C(O)C(O)CO
Structure Classification
Initial Source
輸送条件

Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.
保管条件
Powder -20°C 3 years
  4°C 2 years
In solvent -80°C 6 months
  -20°C 1 month
溶剤 & 溶解度
体外: 

DMSO : 66.67 mg/mL (438.19 mM; Need ultrasonic; Hygroscopic DMSO has a significant impact on the solubility of product, please use newly opened DMSO)

Preparing
Stock Solutions
Concentration Solvent Mass 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg
1 mM 6.5725 mL 32.8623 mL 65.7246 mL
5 mM 1.3145 mL 6.5725 mL 13.1449 mL
10 mM 0.6572 mL 3.2862 mL 6.5725 mL
View the Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

* Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.

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体内:

Select the appropriate dissolution method based on your experimental animal and administration route.

For the following dissolution methods, please ensure to first prepare a clear stock solution using an In Vitro approach and then sequentially add co-solvents:
To ensure reliable experimental results, the clarified stock solution can be appropriately stored based on storage conditions. As for the working solution for in vivo experiments, it is recommended to prepare freshly and use it on the same day.
The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.

  • Protocol 1

    Add each solvent one by one:  10% DMSO    40% PEG300    5% Tween-80    45% Saline

    Solubility: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (16.43 mM); Clear solution

    This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (saturation unknown).

    Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (25.0 mg/mL) to 400 μL PEG300, and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 and mix evenly; then add 450 μL Saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL.

    Preparation of Saline: Dissolve 0.9 g sodium chloride in ddH₂O and dilute to 100 mL to obtain a clear Saline solution.
  • Protocol 2

    Add each solvent one by one:  10% DMSO    90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline)

    Solubility: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (16.43 mM); Clear solution

    This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (saturation unknown).

    Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (25.0 mg/mL) to 900 μL 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline, and mix evenly.

    Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C, storage for one week): 2 g SBE-β-CD powder is dissolved in 10 mL Saline, completely dissolve until clear.
In Vivo Dissolution Calculator
Please enter the basic information of animal experiments:

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Recommended: Keep the proportion of DMSO in working solution below 2% if your animal is weak.
The co-solvents required include: DMSO, . All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE). , Tween 80. All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE).
Calculation results:
Working solution concentration: mg/mL
Method for preparing stock solution: mg drug dissolved in μL  DMSO (Stock solution concentration: mg/mL).
The concentration of the stock solution you require exceeds the measured solubility. The following solution is for reference only. If necessary, please contact MedChemExpress (MCE).
Method for preparing in vivo working solution for animal experiments: Take μL DMSO stock solution, add μL . μL , mix evenly, next add μL Tween 80, mix evenly, then add μL Saline.
 If the continuous dosing period exceeds half a month, please choose this protocol carefully.
Please ensure that the stock solution in the first step is dissolved to a clear state, and add co-solvents in sequence. You can use ultrasonic heating (ultrasonic cleaner, recommended frequency 20-40 kHz), vortexing, etc. to assist dissolution.
純度とドキュメンテーション

純度: 99.92%

COA (244 KB) HNMR (115 KB) RP-HPLC (238 KB) MS (99 KB)

取扱説明書 (2659 KB)
参考文献

Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

* Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.

Optional Solvent Concentration Solvent Mass 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg 25 mg
DMSO 1 mM 6.5725 mL 32.8623 mL 65.7246 mL 164.3115 mL
5 mM 1.3145 mL 6.5725 mL 13.1449 mL 32.8623 mL
10 mM 0.6572 mL 3.2862 mL 6.5725 mL 16.4312 mL
15 mM 0.4382 mL 2.1908 mL 4.3816 mL 10.9541 mL
20 mM 0.3286 mL 1.6431 mL 3.2862 mL 8.2156 mL
25 mM 0.2629 mL 1.3145 mL 2.6290 mL 6.5725 mL
30 mM 0.2191 mL 1.0954 mL 2.1908 mL 5.4771 mL
40 mM 0.1643 mL 0.8216 mL 1.6431 mL 4.1078 mL
50 mM 0.1314 mL 0.6572 mL 1.3145 mL 3.2862 mL
60 mM 0.1095 mL 0.5477 mL 1.0954 mL 2.7385 mL
80 mM 0.0822 mL 0.4108 mL 0.8216 mL 2.0539 mL
100 mM 0.0657 mL 0.3286 mL 0.6572 mL 1.6431 mL
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D-Arabitol Related Classifications

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The dilution calculator equation

Concentration (start) × Volume (start) = Concentration (final) × Volume (final)

一般には略語で表示されます：C1V1 = C2V2

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Help & FAQs
  • Do most proteins show cross-species activity?

    Species cross-reactivity must be investigated individually for each product. Many human cytokines will produce a nice response in mouse cell lines, and many mouse proteins will show activity on human cells. Other proteins may have a lower specific activity when used in the opposite species.

Keywords:

D-Arabitol488-82-4AMPKPGC-1αAMP-activated protein kinasePPARγ coactivator-1αgut microbiotaarabitol phosphate dehydrogenaseAMPK-PGC-1αwhite adipose tissueatlABCD gene clusterobesityarabitol utilization operonBacillus methanolicus MGA3Corynebacterium glutamicum ΔmtlDshort-chain fatty acidsInhibitorinhibitorinhibit

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製品番号:
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