2. Signaling Pathways
  3. Apoptosis
  4. Apoptosis

Apoptosis

Apoptosis

Apoptosis

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Apoptosis is a distinctive form of cell death exhibiting specific morphological and biochemical characteristics, including cell membrane blebbing, chromatin condensation, genomic DNA fragmentation, and exposure of specific phagocytosis signaling molecules on the cell surface. Cells undergoing apoptosis differ from those dying through necrosis. Necrotic cells are usually recognized by the immune system as a danger signal and, thus, resulting in inflammation; in contrast, apoptotic death is quiet and orderly.

There are two major pathways of apoptotic cell death induction: The intrinsic pathway, also called the Bcl-2-regulated or mitochondrial pathway, is activated by various developmental cues or cytotoxic insults, such as viral infection, DNA damage and growth-factor deprivation, and is strictly controlled by the BCL-2 family of proteins. The extrinsic or death-receptor pathway is triggered by ligation of death receptors (members of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor family, such as Fas or TNF receptor-1 (TNFR1)) that contain an intracellular death domain, which can recruit and activate caspase-8 through the adaptor protein Fas-associated death domain (FADD; also known as MORT1) at the cell surface. This recruitment causes subsequent activation of downstream (effector) caspases, such as caspase-3, -6 or -7, without any involvement of the BCL-2 family.

Studies suggest that alterations in cell survival contribute to the pathogenesis of a number of human diseases, including cancer, viral infections, autoimmune diseases, neurodegenerative disorders, and AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome). Treatments designed to specifically alter the apoptotic threshold may have the potential to change the natural progression of some of these diseases.

Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-149669
    PH14
    		Inhibitor 99.29%
    PH14 is a dual PI3K/HDAC inhibitor with IC50 values of 20.3 nM and 24.5 nM for PI3Kα and HDAC3, respectively. PH14 has antiproliferative activity and also induces apoptosis in Jeko-1 cells. PH14 can be used in cancer research, such as lymphoma.
    PH14
  • HY-129440
    N-(p-Coumaroyl) Serotonin
    		Inducer 99.03%
    N-(p-Coumaroyl) Serotonin is an orally active polyphenol found in safflower seeds with potent anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antitumor activities. N-(p-Coumaroyl) Serotonin suppresses NF‑κB, TLR4/MyD88 and MAPK signaling, activates NQO1/HO‑1 pathways, and inhibits pro‑inflammatory cytokines, iNOS and COX‑2 and ROS production. N-(p-Coumaroyl) Serotonin induces S‑phase arrest and apoptosis in glioblastoma cells, reduces atherosclerotic lesions, and alleviates renal and vascular injuries. N-(p-Coumaroyl) Serotonin acts as a vasodilator, regulates calcium dynamics. N-(p-Coumaroyl) Serotonin can be used for the research of neurodegenerative diseases, atherosclerosis, glioblastoma, and acute renal failure.
    N-(p-Coumaroyl) Serotonin
  • HY-10325
    CL-387785
    		Inducer 99.31%
    CL-387785 (EKI-785; WAY-EKI 785) is an orally active EGFR inhibitor with an IC50 of 370 pM. CL-387785 inhibits EGF-stimulated EGFR autophosphorylation with an IC50 of approximately 5 nM. CL-387,785 exerts selective inhibition on cell lines overexpressing EGFR or c-erbB-2, whereas it shows weak inhibitory effects on cell lines with low expression of these two receptors. CL-387785 effectively induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. CL-387785 can be used for the research of non-small cell lung cancer and autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease.
    CL-387785
  • HY-158031
    PLK1/BRD4-IN-5
    		Inducer 98.80%
    PLK1/BRD4-IN-5 (Compound SC10) is an orally active PLK1 and BRD4 inhibitor with IC50 values of 0.3  nM and 60.8  nM, respectively. PLK1/BRD4-IN-5 can induce MV4-11 cell block in S phase and apoptosis) in a dose-dependent manner. PLK1/BRD4-IN-5 can be used in cancer research.
    PLK1/BRD4-IN-5
  • HY-N3009
    Secoxyloganin
    		Inducer 99.33%
    Secoxyloganin is an orally effective iridoid derivative. Secoxyloganin can be isolated from the flower buds of L. japonica. Secoxyloganin induces Apoptosis by inhibiting the expression of Bcl-2. Secoxyloganin potently inhibits the proliferation of breast cancer cells, while exerting weak activity against normal mammary epithelial cells. Secoxyloganin inhibits the decrease in tail vein blood flow associated with allergic reactions.
    Secoxyloganin
  • HY-W093272
    Thalidomide-5,6-F
    		Inducer 99.84%
    Thalidomide-5,6-F is the Thalidomide-based cereblon ligand used in the recruitment of CRBN protein. Thalidomide-5,6-F can be connected to the ligand for protein by a linker to form PROTACs.
    Thalidomide-5,6-F
  • HY-145815A
    JPS014 TFA
    		Inducer 98.12%
    JPS014 TFA is a benzamide-based Von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) E3-ligase proteolysis targeting chimeras (PROTAC). JPS014 TFA degrades class I histone deacetylase (HDAC). JPS014 TFA is potent HDAC1/2 degrader correlated with greater total differentially expressed genes and enhanced apoptosis in HCT116 cells.
    JPS014 TFA
  • HY-149265
    ROS-generating agent 1
    		Inducer 99.11%
    ROS-generating agent 1 is a selective ROS-generating agent. ROS-generating agent 1 inhibits TrxR activity and expression in cancer cells. ROS-generating agent 1 induces ROS-dependent apoptosis and ferroptosis in cancer cells. ROS-generating agent 1 selectively kills lung cancer cells and inhibits the growth of cancer cell xenograft tumors in nude mice. ROS-generating agent 1 can be used for the research of non-small cell lung cancer.
    ROS-generating agent 1
  • HY-106014
    Tezacitabine
    		Inducer 99.97%
    Tezacitabine is a cytostatic and cytotoxic antimetabolite and a nucleoside analogue. Tezacitabine irreversibly inhibits the ribonucleotide reductase and interferes with DNA replication and repair. Tezacitabine effectively induces cells apoptotic. Tezacitabine has the potential for leukemias and solid tumors (carcinomas) treatment.
    Tezacitabine
  • HY-W303895
    Luteolin monohydrate
    		Inducer 99.13%
    Luteolin (monohydrate) is the monohydrate of Luteolin. Luteolin (Luteoline), a flavonoid, is also a potent Nrf2 inhibitor. Luteolin has anti-inflammatory and anticancer properties, induces apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in multiple human cancer cell lines, including non-small lung cancer cells, and inhibits cell metastasis and angiogenesis.
    Luteolin monohydrate
  • HY-110264
    MI-192
    		Inducer 99.9%
    MI-192 is a selective HDAC2 and HDAC3 inhibitor with IC50s of 30 nM and 16 nM, respectively. MI-192 is more selective for HDAC2/3 than other HDAC isomers.MI-192 induces myeloid leukaemic cells apoptosis. Anticaner and neuroprotective activities.
    MI-192
  • HY-B0380A
    Trimebutine maleate
    		Inducer 99.66%
    Trimebutine maleate is a multi-target inhibitor and opioid receptor agonist with antimuscarinic activity. Trimebutine maleate inhibits L-type Ca2+ channels and large-conductance calcium-activated potassium channels (BKCa channels), thereby inhibiting extracellular calcium influx and potassium ion efflux. Trimebutine maleate also targets Toll-like receptors, inhibits Toll-like receptor 2/4/7/8/9 signals, and inhibits LPS-induced IRAK1 activation, as well as ERK1/2, JNK and NF-κB activation, thereby exerting anti-inflammatory effects. Trimebutine maleate also induces tumor cell apoptosis by inhibiting the AKT/ERK pathway. Trimebutine maleate also inhibits excessive contraction of smooth muscle and can be used in the study of gastrointestinal disorders such as irritable bowel syndrome (IBS).
    Trimebutine maleate
  • HY-153775
    UC-764864
    		Inducer 99.89%
    UC-764864 is a selective UBE2N inhibitor. UC-764864 covalently binds UBE2N catalytic Cys87, blocks ubiquitin-UBE2N thioester formation and polyubiquitin chain synthesis. UC-764864 blocks ubiquitination of innate immune- and inflammatory-related substrates, and induces cell apoptosis. UC-764864 can be used for the research of acute myeloid leukemia.
    UC-764864
  • HY-B1204R
    Histamine (Standard)
    		Inducer
    Histamine (Standard) is the analytical standard of Histamine (HY-B1204). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Histamine is the agonist for histamine receptor and a vasodilator. Histamine is an organic nitrogen compound that participates in local immune responses, regulates intestinal physiological functions, and acts as a neurotransmitter. Histamine affects p38 MAPK/Akt signaling pathway, exhibits antitumor, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. Histamine can be used in the research of acute myeloid leukemia, malignant melanoma, and renal cell carcinoma.
    Histamine (Standard)
  • HY-121638A
    (5Z,2E)-CU-3
    		Inducer
    (5Z,2E)-CU-3 is an isomer of CU-3 (HY-121638). CU-3 is a DGKα inhibitor with an IC50 of 0.6 μM. CU-3 competitively reduces DGKα’s affinity for ATP via binding to the enzyme’s catalytic region. CU-3 induces apoptosis in cancer cells. CU-3 promotes T-cell activation and enhances IL-2 production. CU-3 can be used for the research of hepatocellular carcinoma and cervical cancer.
    (5Z,2E)-CU-3
  • HY-125911
    Gossypin
    		Inducer 98.29%
    Gossypin is an orally active flavone isolated from Hibiscus vitifolius. Gossypin has antioxidant, antiinflammatory, anticancer, anticataract, antidiabetic, and hepatoprotective activities. Gossypin inhibits NF-κB and NF-κB-regulated gene expression. Gossypin inhibits AURKA and RSK2. Gossypin inhibits invasion and induces apoptosis. Gossypin can be used for gastric cancer study.
    Gossypin
  • HY-125747
    Actinomycin X2 (purity≥85%)
    		Inducer
    Actinomycin X2 (Actinomycin V), produced by many Streptomyces sp., shows strong inhibition of MRSA with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) value of 0.25 μg/mL. Actinomycin X2 can be used for cancer and bacterial infection.
    Actinomycin X2 (purity≥85%)
  • HY-B0862
    Pendimethalin
    		Inducer 99.88%
    Pendimethalin is an orally active herbicide that controls annual grasses and certain broadleaf weeds. Pendimethalin induces Apoptotic cell death through activating ER stress-mediated mitochondrial dysfunction in human umbilical vein endothelial cells.
    Pendimethalin
  • HY-P0093A
    Sincalide ammonium
    		Inducer 99.21%
    Sincalide ammonium (Cholecystokinin octapeptide ammonium, CCK-8 ammonium) is a rapid-acting amino acid polypeptide hormone analogue of cholecystokinin (CCK) for intravenous use in postevacuation cholecystography. Sincalide ammonium is a major bioactive segment of CCK that retains most of the biological activities of CCK. CCK‐8 can promote gallbladder contraction by injection and helps diagnose gallbladder and pancreas disorders. Sincalide ammonium can increase bile secretion, cause the gallbladder to contract and relax the sphincter of Oddi, resulting in bile drainage into the duodenum. Sincalide ammonium is a major bioactive segment of CCK that retains most of the biological activities of CCK.
    Sincalide ammonium
  • HY-B0245S
    Busulfan-d8
    		Inducer 99.73%
    Busulfan-d8 is a deuterium labeled Busulfan. Busulfan is a potent alkylating antineoplastic agent. Busulfan causes DNA damage by cross-linking DNAs and DNA and proteins. Busulfan inhibits thioredoxin reductase. Busulfan induces apoptosis. Busulfan is an immunosuppressive and myeloablative chemotherapeutic agent.
    Busulfan-d<sub>8</sub>
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity