2. Signaling Pathways
  3. Apoptosis
  4. Apoptosis

Apoptosis

Apoptosis

Apoptosis

Related Products

PDF 16.38 MB

Apoptosis is a distinctive form of cell death exhibiting specific morphological and biochemical characteristics, including cell membrane blebbing, chromatin condensation, genomic DNA fragmentation, and exposure of specific phagocytosis signaling molecules on the cell surface. Cells undergoing apoptosis differ from those dying through necrosis. Necrotic cells are usually recognized by the immune system as a danger signal and, thus, resulting in inflammation; in contrast, apoptotic death is quiet and orderly.

There are two major pathways of apoptotic cell death induction: The intrinsic pathway, also called the Bcl-2-regulated or mitochondrial pathway, is activated by various developmental cues or cytotoxic insults, such as viral infection, DNA damage and growth-factor deprivation, and is strictly controlled by the BCL-2 family of proteins. The extrinsic or death-receptor pathway is triggered by ligation of death receptors (members of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor family, such as Fas or TNF receptor-1 (TNFR1)) that contain an intracellular death domain, which can recruit and activate caspase-8 through the adaptor protein Fas-associated death domain (FADD; also known as MORT1) at the cell surface. This recruitment causes subsequent activation of downstream (effector) caspases, such as caspase-3, -6 or -7, without any involvement of the BCL-2 family.

Studies suggest that alterations in cell survival contribute to the pathogenesis of a number of human diseases, including cancer, viral infections, autoimmune diseases, neurodegenerative disorders, and AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome). Treatments designed to specifically alter the apoptotic threshold may have the potential to change the natural progression of some of these diseases.

Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-124771
    RH01386
    		99.76%
    RH01386 is a small molecule that can prevent endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS)-induced β cell dysfunction and death, and inhibits proapoptotic gene expression. RH01386 restores ERS-impaired glucose-stimulated insulin secretion responses. RH01386 has the potential for type 2 diabetes treatment.
    RH01386
  • HY-N9968
    Cucurbitacin C
    		Inducer
    Cucurbitacin C is a triterpenoid calabinoid that can be isolated from Cucurbitaceae plants. Cucurbitacin C has anti-cancer activity in vivo and in vitro. Cucurbitacin C can induce cell cycle arrest in G1 or G2/M phase and apoptosis by inhibiting Akt signaling.
    Cucurbitacin C
  • HY-W011417R
    Cinnabarinic acid (Standard)
    		Inducer
    Cinnabarinic acid (Standard) is the analytical standard of Cinnabarinic acid. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Cinnabarinic acid is a specific orthosteric agonist of mGlu4 by interacting with residues of the glutamate binding pocket of mGlu4, has no activity at other mGlu receptors. Cinnabarinic acid is an endogenous metabolite of the kynurenine pathway of tryptophan. Cinnabarinic acid induces cell apoptosis.
    Cinnabarinic acid (Standard)
  • HY-149249
    MY-943
    		Activator 98.01%
    MY-943 is a potent tubulin polymerization and LSD1 inhibitor with anticancer activity. MY-943 induces G2/M phase arrest and apoptosis, and inhibits cell migration. MY-943 can be used for gastric cancer research.
    MY-943
  • HY-162133
    MSA-2-Pt
    		Inducer
    MSA-2-Pt, platinum salt-modified MSA-2 (HY-136927), is a STING agonist. MSA-2-Pt inducing cell
    death by platinum and activating the STING pathway by MSA-2. MSA-2-Pt direct activates STING pathway, induces phosphorylation of TBK1, IRF3, and NF-κB p65. MSA-2-Pt enhances tumor infiltration of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, and induces tumor cell death and apoptosis in mouse colon carcinoma and melanoma models.
    MSA-2-Pt
  • HY-N8517
    Malabaricone B
    		Inducer 99.93%
    Malabaricone B, a naturally occurring plant phenolic, is an orally active α-glucosidase inhibitor with an IC50 of 63.7 µM. Malabaricone B has anticancer, antimicrobial, anti-oxidation and antidiabetic activities.
    Malabaricone B
  • HY-121458
    Nemorosone
    		Inducer 99.0%
    Nemorosone is the main component of the floral resin of Clusia rosea. Nemorosone has an antiproliferative effect on cancer cells. Nemorosone induces apoptosis in HT-29 and LoVo cells.
    Nemorosone
  • HY-B0318S1
    Metronidazole-d4
    		Inducer 98.25%
    Metronidazole-d4 is the deuterium labeled Metronidazole. Metronidazole is a nitroimidazole antibiotic medication used particularly for anaerobic bacteria and protozoa.
    Metronidazole-d<sub>4</sub>
  • HY-N0088S
    Apocynin-d3
    		99.85%
    Apocynin-d3 is the deuterium labeled Apocynin. Apocynin is a selective NADPH-oxidase inhibitor with an IC50 of 10 μM.
    Apocynin-d<sub>3</sub>
  • HY-156182
    JNK-IN-14
    		Inducer
    JNK-IN-14 is a potent and selective JNK inhibitor with IC50 values of 1.81, 12.7 and 10.5 nM for JNK1, JNK2 and JNK3, respectively. JNK-IN-14 induces early-stage apoptosis and G2/M cell cycle arrest. JNK-IN-14 can be used for cancer research
    JNK-IN-14
  • HY-P10815
    IP3RCYT
    		Inhibitor
    IP3RCYT is an IP3R inhibitory peptide, which can inhibit the binding of cytochrome C to IP3R with an IC50 about 100 nM. IP3RCYT regulates calcium signaling within cells. P3RCYT inhibits apoptosis in HeLa and Jurkat cells treated with Staurosporine (HY-15141) or Membrane-bound Fas ligand (FasL).
    IP3RCYT
  • HY-108695
    Enterodiol
    		Inducer
    Enterodiol is transformed by human intestinal bacteria from lignans contained in various whole-grain cereals, nuts, legumes, flaxseed, and vegetables. Enterodiol has an apoptotic effect in colorectal cancer (CRC) cells. Anti-cancer activities.
    Enterodiol
  • HY-N1060
    Yatein
    		Inducer 99.76%
    Yatein is a lignan isolated from A. chilensis, with antiproliferative activity. Yatein suppresses herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1 ) replication by interruption the immediate-early gene expression.
    Yatein
  • HY-N1989
    Bacoside A
    		Inhibitor
    Bacoside A is an orally active, blood-brain barrier-permeable triterpenoid saponin that modulates the activities of ATPases, AChE, CaMK2A and iNOS. Derived from Bacopa monniera. Bacoside A exerts significant antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic effects by maintaining ion balance, scavenging reactive oxygen species, stabilizing cell membranes, and regulating the expression of NF-κB and apoptosis-related proteins. Bacoside A counteracts morphine-induced reductions in Na+/K+-ATPase, Ca2+-ATPase and Mg2+-ATPase activities, increases mitochondrial membrane potential, and decreases intracellular reactive oxygen species levels. Bacoside A specifically binds to calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase IIA to trigger endoplasmic reticulum calcium release. Bacoside A exhibits non-apoptotic cytotoxicity against glioblastoma cells while protecting normal nerve cells from stress-induced damage. Bacoside A is applicable to the research of Parkinson's disease and glioblastoma multiforme.
    Bacoside A
  • HY-162089
    MY-1442
    		Inducer 99.25%
    MY-1442 (I-3) is a microtubulin polymerization inhibitor. MY-875 inhibits tubulin polymerization by targeting colchicine binding sites. MY-1442 has anticancer activity. MY-1442 can induce apoptosis of MGC-803 cells and inhibit cell migration.
    MY-1442
  • HY-148807A
    Zavondemstat L-lysine
    		Inducer
    Zavondemstat (QC8222; TACH 101) L-lysine is an orally active pan-KDM4 inhibitor, with a IC50 ≤ 0.08 μM against human KDM4A-D and a Kᵢ of 0.52 μM against human KDM4C. Zavondemstat L-lysine induces cell apoptosis, causes S-phase cell cycle arrest, reduces the population of tumor-initiating cells and inhibits cancer cell proliferation. Zavondemstat L-lysine suppresses tumor growth and induces tumor regression in mouse xenograft models. Zavondemstat L-lysine can be used for the research of various cancers including colorectal cancer, esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and triple-negative breast cancer.
    Zavondemstat L-lysine
  • HY-100599S2
    Urolithin A-13C6
    Urolithin A-13C6 is the 13C-labeled Urolithin A (HY-100599). Urolithin A, a gut-microbial metabolite of ellagic acid, exerts anti-inflammatory, antiproliferative, and antioxidant properties. Urolithin A induces autophagy and apoptosis, suppresses cell cycle progression, and inhibits DNA synthesis.
    Urolithin A-<sup>13</sup>C<sub>6</sub>
  • HY-129337
    Reveromycin A
    		Inducer 99.00%
    Reveromycin A, a benzoquinoid antibiotic isolated from the genus Streptomyces, is a selective inhibitor of protein synthesis in eukaryotic cells. Reveromycin A inhibits bone resorption by inducing apoptosis specifically in osteoclasts. Reveromycin A has antiproliferative activity against tumor cell lines and antifungal activity.
    Reveromycin A
  • HY-W457950
    Thalidomide-5-propargyl
    		Inducer
    Thalidomide-5-propargyl is a propargyl-modified Thalidomide (HY-14658), that acts as a Cereblon ligand to recruit CRBN proteins. Thalidomide-5-propargyl use alkynyl group at the end to be directly used in the synthesis of triazoles in the synthesis of PROTAC molecules, and is a key intermediate in the synthesis of PROTAC molecules based on CRBN design.
    Thalidomide-5-propargyl
  • HY-101015
    (2E)-OBAA
    		Inducer
    (2E)-OBAA is a potent phospholipase A2 (PLA2) inhibitor, with an IC50 of 70 nM. (2E)-OBAA induces apoptosis of HUVEC cells. (2E)-OBAA blocks Melittin-induced Ca2+ influx in Trypanosoma brucei, with an IC50 of 0.4 μM.
    (2E)-OBAA
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity