2. Signaling Pathways
  3. Apoptosis
  4. Apoptosis

Apoptosis

Apoptosis

Apoptosis

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Apoptosis is a distinctive form of cell death exhibiting specific morphological and biochemical characteristics, including cell membrane blebbing, chromatin condensation, genomic DNA fragmentation, and exposure of specific phagocytosis signaling molecules on the cell surface. Cells undergoing apoptosis differ from those dying through necrosis. Necrotic cells are usually recognized by the immune system as a danger signal and, thus, resulting in inflammation; in contrast, apoptotic death is quiet and orderly.

There are two major pathways of apoptotic cell death induction: The intrinsic pathway, also called the Bcl-2-regulated or mitochondrial pathway, is activated by various developmental cues or cytotoxic insults, such as viral infection, DNA damage and growth-factor deprivation, and is strictly controlled by the BCL-2 family of proteins. The extrinsic or death-receptor pathway is triggered by ligation of death receptors (members of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor family, such as Fas or TNF receptor-1 (TNFR1)) that contain an intracellular death domain, which can recruit and activate caspase-8 through the adaptor protein Fas-associated death domain (FADD; also known as MORT1) at the cell surface. This recruitment causes subsequent activation of downstream (effector) caspases, such as caspase-3, -6 or -7, without any involvement of the BCL-2 family.

Studies suggest that alterations in cell survival contribute to the pathogenesis of a number of human diseases, including cancer, viral infections, autoimmune diseases, neurodegenerative disorders, and AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome). Treatments designed to specifically alter the apoptotic threshold may have the potential to change the natural progression of some of these diseases.

Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-158974
    YTHDC1-IN-1
    		Inducer 99.44%
    YTHDC1-IN-1 is a selective YTHDC1 inhibitor with a Kd of 49 nM and an IC50 of 0.35 μM. YTHDC1-IN-1 can inhibit the proliferation and induce apoptosis of acute myeloid leukemia cell lines. YTHDC1-IN-1 has anti-tumor activity.
    YTHDC1-IN-1
  • HY-14985
    BAY 61-3606 dihydrochloride
    		Inducer 99.45%
    BAY 61-3606 dihydrochloride is an orally available, ATP-competitive, reversible and highly selective Syk inhibitor with a Ki of 7.5 nM an IC50 of 10 nM. BAY 61-3606 dihydrochloride reduces ERK1/2 and Akt phosphorylation in neuroblastoma cell. BAY 61-3606 dihydrochloride induces a large decrease of Syk phosphorylation in K-rn cell lysates. Bay 61-3606 dihydrochloride sensitizes TRAIL-induced apoptosis by downregulating Mcl-1 in breast cancer cells.
    BAY 61-3606 dihydrochloride
  • HY-15970
    Verdinexor
    		Inducer 99.94%
    Verdinexor (KPT-335) is an orally active inhibitor for selective inhibitor of nuclear export (SINE). Verdinexor inhibits the respiratory syncytial virus A2 (RSV A2) replication with an IC50 of 0.96 µM. Verdinexor inhibits the function of nuclear export protein Exportin 1 (XPO1/CRM1), inhibiting pro-inflammatory responses. Verdinexor exhibits antitumor effciency.
    Verdinexor
  • HY-N0007
    (E,E)-Bisdemethoxycurcumin
    		Inducer 98.63%
    (E,E)-Bisdemethoxycurcumin ((E,E)-Curcumin III) is a curcumin derivative with anti-inflammatory and anticancer activities.
    (E,E)-Bisdemethoxycurcumin
  • HY-N0017
    Bergenin
    		Inducer 99.34%
    Bergenin is a cytoprotective and antioxidative polyphenol found in many medicinal plants. Bergenin has a wide spectrum activities such as hepatoprotective, antiinflammatory, immunomodulatory, antitumor, antiviral, and antifungal properties.
    Bergenin
  • HY-N0878
    Bufotalin
    		Inducer 99.82%
    Bufotalin is a steroid lactone isolated from Venenum Bufonis with potently antitumor activities. Bufotalin induces cancer cell apoptosis and also induces endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress activation.
    Bufotalin
  • HY-13981
    Ligandrol
    		Inhibitor 99.93%
    Ligandrol is an orally active, selective androgen receptor (AR) agonist. Ligandrol enhances protein synthesis, inhibits muscle breakdown and oxidative stress, improves muscle cell viability and bone tissue microstructure, and reduces Cisplatin (HY-17394)-induced muscle toxicity and apoptosis. Ligandrol promotes muscle growth, protects bone structure, and has anti-diabetic, anti-apoptotic and antioxidant effects. Ligandrol can antagonize Streptozotocin (HY-13753) damage to pancreatic islets and improve the symptoms of type 2 diabetes.
    Ligandrol
  • HY-153713
    MYC-RIBOTAC
    		Inducer 98.17%
    MYC-RIBOTAC is a nucleic acid-targeting degrader (ribonuclease-targeting chimera, RIBOTAC) that targets the MYC internal ribosome entry site (IRES). MYC-RIBOTAC contains a MYC mRNA binding component and a small molecule that recruits and locally activates RNAse L1. MYC-RIBOTAC reduces MYC mRNA and protein expression levels, induces cell apoptosis, and can be used for antitumor research. MYC-RIBOTAC consists of pre-miR-155 binder Anticancer agent 167 (HY-156839), RNA binder NCI-B16 (HY-156215), and Linker Amino-PEG4-alcohol (HY-W008005).
    MYC-RIBOTAC
  • HY-113978
    6-Formylpterin
    		Inducer 98.0%
    6-Formylpterin is an inhibitor of Xanthine Oxidase. 6-Formylpterin induces intracellular ROS generation and apoptosis in HL-60 cells. 6-Formylpterin suppresses cell proliferation in PanC-1 cells.
    6-Formylpterin
  • HY-P10284
    S7
    		Inducer 98.25%
    S7 is an inhibitory polypeptide targeting IL-6R, which specifically binds to IL-6R and its A chain (gp80/IL-6RA) to block its signal transduction. S7 inhibits IL-6-mediated anti-apoptosis (apoptosis), angiogenesis and the expression of VEGF-A, blocks related survival signaling pathways, and enhances the sensitivity of cancer cells to chemotherapeutic drugs. S7 can be applied to the research of related diseases such as cervical cancer, multiple myeloma, Kaposi's sarcoma, prostate cancer and basal cell carcinoma.
    S7
  • HY-N6742
    Borrelidin
    		Inducer 99.80%
    Borrelidin (Treponemycin) is a bacterial and eukaryal threonyl-tRNA synthetase inhibitor which is a nitrile-containing macrolide antibiotic isolated from Streptomyces rochei. Borrelidin is an inhibitor of Cdc28/Cln2 of the budding yeast, with an IC50 of 24 μM. Borrelidin is a potent angiogenesis inhibitor, with an IC50 of 0.8 nM. Borrelidin induces apoptosis in the tube-forming cells. Borrelidin has strong antimalarial activities, with IC50s of 1.9 nM and 1.8 nM against K1 and FCR3 strains of Plasmodium falciparum, respectively.
    Borrelidin
  • HY-B1065
    Aceglutamide
    		Inhibitor 98.0%
    Aceglutamide (α-N-Acetyl-L-glutamine; N2-Acetylglutamine) is a neuroprotectant that can penetrate the blood-brain barrier. Aceglutamide can enhance the antioxidant systems of glutathione (GSH), thioredoxin (Trx) and Nrf2. Aceglutamide also inhibits ASK1 and TRAF1, activates the Akt/Bcl-2 anti-apoptotic pathway, enhances the activity of antioxidant enzymes and reduces oxidative damage. Aceglutamide can improve neurological deficits after cerebral ischemia, reduce infarct volume, and inhibit neuronal apoptosis, especially substantia nigra dopaminergic neurons. Aceglutamide can reduce cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury, improve motor dysfunction, and is used in ischemic stroke-related research.
    Aceglutamide
  • HY-N0146
    Quercetin dihydrate
    		Inducer
    Quercetin dihydrate, a natural flavonoid, is a stimulator of recombinant SIRT1 and a PI3K inhibitor with IC50s of 2.4 μM, 3.0 μM and 5.4 μM for PI3K γ, PI3K δ and PI3K β, respectively.
    Quercetin dihydrate
  • HY-10448A
    Capsaicin (Purity 65%)
    		Inducer 99.20%
    Capsaicin (Purity 65%) is a mixture of Capsaicin and Dihydrocapsaicin (Ratio >2:1). Capsaicin (Purity 65%) is an orally active capsaicin receptor (TRPV1) agonist.
    Capsaicin (Purity 65%)
  • HY-N3584
    Paris saponin VII
    		Inducer 99.84%
    Paris saponin VII (Chonglou Saponin VII) is a steroidal saponin isolated from the roots and rhizomes of Trillium tschonoskii. Paris saponin VII-induced apoptosis in K562/ADR cells is associated with Akt/MAPK and the inhibition of P-gp. Paris saponin VII attenuates mitochondrial membrane potential, increases the expression of apoptosis-related proteins, such as Bax and cytochrome c, and decreases the protein expression levels of Bcl-2, caspase-9, caspase-3, PARP-1, and p-Akt. Paris saponin VII induces a robust autophagy in K562/ADR cells and provides a biochemical basis in the treatment of leukemia.
    Paris saponin VII
  • HY-N0720
    Neobavaisoflavone
    		Inducer 99.92%
    Neobavaisoflavone, a flavonoid, is isolated from the seeds of Psoralea corylifolia. Neobavaisoflavone exhibits anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer and anti-oxidation activities. Neobavaisoflavone inhibits DNA polymerase at moderate to high concentrations. Neobavaisoflavone also inhibits platelet aggregation.
    Neobavaisoflavone
  • HY-B0569
    Hexamethonium Bromide
    		Inducer 99.75%
    Hexamethonium Bromide is a non-selective ganglionic nicotinic-receptor antagonist (nAChR) antagonist, with mixed competitive and noncompetitive activity. Hexamethonium Bromide has anti-hypertensive activity. Hexamethonium Bromide attenuates sympathetic activity and blood pressure in spontaneously hypertensive animal models.
    Hexamethonium Bromide
  • HY-W592871
    10-Hydroxy-2-decenoic acid
    		Inducer 99.93%
    10-Hydroxy-2-decenoic acid (10-HDA) is an orally active unsaturated medium-chain fatty acid with various physiological activities. 10-Hydroxy-2-decenoic acid induces ROS-mediated apoptosis in A549 cells. 10-Hydroxy-2-decenoic acid inhibits VEGF-induced angiogenesis in human venous endothelial cells. 10-Hydroxy-2-decenoic acid alleviates non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) by activating the AMPK-α signaling pathway. 10-Hydroxy-2-decenoic acid protects against bone loss by inhibiting NF-κB signaling downstream of FFAR4. 10-Hydroxy-2-decenoic acid is an antibiotic against many bacteria and fungi, such as Neurospora sitophila, molds and Staphylococcus aureus. 10-Hydroxy-2-decenoic acid has longevity-promoting effects in C. elegans. 10-Hydroxy-2-decenoic acid prevents osteoarthritis by targeting aspartyl β hydroxylase and inhibiting chondrocyte senescence.
    10-Hydroxy-2-decenoic acid
  • HY-118341
    Clitocine
    		Inducer
    Clitocine, an adenosine nucleoside analog isolated from mushroom, is a potent and efficacious readthrough agent. Clitocine acts as a suppressor of nonsense mutations and can induce the production of p53 protein in cells harboring p53 nonsense-mutated alleles. Clitocine can induce apoptosis in multidrug-resistant human cancer cells by targeting Mcl-1. Anticancer activity.
    Clitocine
  • HY-B0114
    Oxcarbazepine
    		Activator 99.90%
    Oxcarbazepine is a sodium channel blocker. Oxcarbazepine significantly inhibits glioblastoma cell growth and induces apoptosis or G2/M arrest in glioblastoma cell lines. Anti-cancer and anticonvulsant effects.
    Oxcarbazepine
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity