Cat. No.: HY-W592871

10-Hydroxy-2-decenoic acid

(Synonyms: 10-HDA; Queen Bee Acid)

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10-Hydroxy-2-decenoic acid (10-HDA) is an orally active unsaturated medium-chain fatty acid with various physiological activities. 10-Hydroxy-2-decenoic acid induces ROS-mediated apoptosis in A549 cells. 10-Hydroxy-2-decenoic acid inhibits VEGF-induced angiogenesis in human venous endothelial cells. 10-Hydroxy-2-decenoic acid alleviates non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) by activating the AMPK-α signaling pathway. 10-Hydroxy-2-decenoic acid protects against bone loss by inhibiting NF-κB signaling downstream of FFAR4. 10-Hydroxy-2-decenoic acid is an antibiotic against many bacteria and fungi, such as Neurospora sitophila, molds and Staphylococcus aureus. 10-Hydroxy-2-decenoic acid has longevity-promoting effects in C. elegans. 10-Hydroxy-2-decenoic acid prevents osteoarthritis by targeting aspartyl β hydroxylase and inhibiting chondrocyte senescence.

For research use only. We do not sell to patients.

Purity: 99.93%
CAS No.: 765-01-5
Formula: C₁₀H₁₈O₃
Molecular Weight:186.25

Storage:

Powder -20°C, 3 years , 4°C, 2 years ; In solvent -80°C, 6 months , -20°C, 1 month

10-Hydroxy-2-decenoic acid Chemical Structure

CAS No.: 765-01-5

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Use of MCE Products

Fluorescent Dye

Strong Fluorescence Signal / Multi-Disciplinary Applications / High Fluorescence Specificity

Biological Activity
- Description
- In Vitro
- In Vivo
Chemical Information
Solvent & Solubility
- In Vitro
Purity & Documentation
References
Help & FAQs
Bioz

Biological Activity

Description

All mTOR Isoforms :

All ERK Isoforms :

All GSK-3 Isoforms :

All AMPK Isoforms :

All Interleukin Related Isoforms :

All TNF Receptor Isoforms :

All Caspase Isoforms :

All NF-κB Isoforms :

In Vitro

10-Hydroxy-2-decenoic acid (0-40 nM, 0-6 days) boosts proliferation and anabolism, whereas inhibits apoptosis and catabolism in primary chondrocytes and human C28/I2 chondrocytes^[1].
10-Hydroxy-2-decenoic acid (0-10 nM, 7 days) enhances anabolism and represses catabolism of chondrocytesIn human osteoarthritis (OA) cartilage explants^[1].
10-Hydroxy-2-decenoic acid (0-200 μM, 1-48 h) can bind to ASPH and regulates chondrocyte metabolism dependent on the Asp-Arg-Hydrox domain of ASPH in C28/I2 and HEK-293T cells^[1].
10-Hydroxy-2-decenoic acid (0-10 nM, 48 h) reduces senescence-associated β-galactosidase (SA-β-gal) and mRNA levels of cellular senescence marker genes p16 and p21 in C28/I2 cells^[1].
10-Hydroxy-2-decenoic acid (0-10 nM, 48 h) inhibits chondrocyte senescence by regulating the ASPH/ERK/p53/p21 and ASPH/GSK3β/p16 signaling pathways in ASPH-KO C28/I2 cells^[1].
10-Hydroxy-2-decenoic acid (2 mg/mL) has antitumor activity at low pH values in 6C3HED lympho-sarcoma cells^[2].
10-Hydroxy-2-decenoic acid (50-150 μM) prevents FFAs induced lipid accumulation and apoptosis via the activation of AMPK-α in AML12 cells^[3].
10-Hydroxy-2-decenoic acid (0.07-1.13 mg/mL, 24 h) reduces the biomass of biofilms and cell viability by destroying the exopolysaccharides (EPS) structure, inhibits the production of hemolysin in S. aureus^[5].
10-Hydroxy-2-decenoic acid (20-500 μM,11 days) reduces VEGF-induced tube formation in HUVECs and fibroblasts^[6].
10-Hydroxy-2-decenoic acid (20-500 μM, 3 days) inhibits VEGF-induced cell proliferation at 500 µM, however does not inhibit the cell proliferation at 20-100 µM in HUVECs^[6].
10-Hydroxy-2-decenoic acid (500 μM, 24 h) inhibits cell migration in HUVECs^[6].
10-Hydroxy-2-decenoic acid (1-100 μM, 3-36 h) inhibits the growth of A549, NCI-H460, NCI-H23 cells, with IC₅₀s of 22.68, 44.03, 44.79 μM, respectively, has weak cytotoxicity of IMR90, L-02 cells, and GES-1 cells^[8].
10-Hydroxy-2-decenoic acid (30 μM, 3-24 h) increases the levels of ROS and induces apoptosis through regulating the MAPK, NF-κB, and STAT3 signaling pathways in A549 cells^[8].
10-Hydroxy-2-decenoic acid (30 μM, 3-24 h) induces cell cycle arrest by regulating cell cycle-associated protein expression in A549 cells^[8].
10-Hydroxy-2-decenoic acid (30 μM, 3-24 h) inhibits cell migration by regulating TGF-β1 signaling pathways in A549 Cells^[8].
10-Hydroxy-2-decenoic acid (10-100 μM, 50 days) extends mean and maximum lifespan through mechanisms independent of the IIS-DAF-16 pathway in daf-16(mu86) mutants and wild-type C. elegans^[9].
10-Hydroxy-2-decenoic acid (0.00004-20mM) activates FFAR4 with EC₅₀ of 1.025 mM^[10].
10-Hydroxy-2-decenoic acid (12.5-50 ng/mL, 3 days) suppresses the NF-κB signaling pathway through the FFAR4 receptor so as to inhibit osteoclastogenesis in Primary bone marrow cells^[10].

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

RT-PCR^[1]

Cell Line:

Primary chondrocytes, Human C28/I2 chondrocytes
Concentration:

0 nM, 2 nM, 5 nM, 10 nM, 20 nM, 40 nM
Incubation Time:

0, 2, 4, 6 days
Result:

Promoted the mRNA levels of CDK1, CDK2, CDK4, CDK6, cyclin A1, cyclin B1, cyclin D1, cyclin E1, proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), SRY-box transcription factor 9 (SOX9), COL2 and aggrecan (ACAN).
Inhibited the mRNA levels of COL1A1, COL1A2, COL3A1, α-SMA, FMOD, and FNDC1.
Increased the mRNA levels of CDK1, CDK2, CDK4, CDK6, cyclinA1, cyclinB1, cyclinD1, cyclinE1, and PCNA, SOX9, COL2, and ACAN, while inhibiting the expression of MMP13 and IL6 in the presence of IL-1β (10 ng/mL, 48 h).

Western Blot Analysis^[1]

Cell Line:

Human OA cartilage explants
Concentration:

0 nM, 5 nM, 10 nM
Incubation Time:

7 days
Result:

Upregulated COL2 and ACAN protein levels and downregulated MMP13 protein levels.

RT-PCR^[1]

Cell Line:

C28/I2 cells
Concentration:

0 nM, 5 nM, 10 nM
Incubation Time:

7 days
Result:

Reduced ASPH and COL2 protein levels and increased MMP13 protein levels in knocked down the ASPH expression.

Cell Migration Assay ^[6]

Cell Line:

HUVECs
Concentration:

500 µM
Incubation Time:

24 h
Result:

Inhibited cell migration.

Apoptosis Analysis^[8]

Cell Line:

A549 human lung cancer cells
Concentration:

30 μM
Incubation Time:

3, 24 h
Result:

Increased numbers of early and late apoptotic cells, loss of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), increased proportion of depolarized cells.
Downregulated Bcl-2, and upregulated BAX, cyto-c, caspase-3, and PARP.
Upregulated p-p38, p-JNK, and I-κB and downregulated p-ERK, p-STAT3, and NF-κB.

Cell Cycle Analysis^[8]

Cell Line:

A549 human lung cancer cells
Concentration:

30 μM
Incubation Time:

3, 24 h
Result:

Increased the percentage of cells in the G0/G1 phase from 62.97% to 80.54%, downregulated AKT, CDK2/4/6, and cyclin D1/E, and upregulated p21 and p27.

Cell Migration Assay ^[8]

Cell Line:

A549 human lung cancer cells
Concentration:

30 μM
Incubation Time:

3, 24 h
Result:

Inhibited cell migration, reduced the expression levels of TGF-β1, SNAI1, GSK-3β, N-cadherin and vimentin, and increased the expression level of E-cadherin.

Western Blot Analysis^[10]

Cell Line:

Primary bone marrow cells
Concentration:

12.5-50 ng/mL
Incubation Time:

3 days
Result:

Reduced protein levels of CtsK, TRAP, V-ATPase D2, and MMP9.
Diminished RANKL-induced phosphorylation and the degradation of IκBα.

RT-PCR^[10]

Cell Line:

Primary bone marrow cells
Concentration:

12.5-50 ng/mL
Incubation Time:

3 days
Result:

Had no influence on the expression of Tnfrsf11a (encodes RANK), Csf1r (encodes M-CSFR), Fos, and Mitf. Decreased osteoclastogenesis Nfatc1 and its downstream elements, without affecting the expression of Irf8 and Mafb.

In Vivo

10-Hydroxy-2-decenoic acid (10 mg/kg, intra-articular (IA) injection, twice a week for 6 weeks; 100 mg/kg, p.o., three times a week for 7 weeks) promots cartilage anabolism, inhibits cartilage degradation, and relieves knee joint pain in a surgically induced medial meniscal destabilization (DMM) mice^[1].
10-Hydroxy-2-decenoic acid (10 mg/kg, IA injection, twice a week for 8 weeks; 100 mg/kg, p.o., three times a week for 8 weeks) relieves chondrocyte senescence and cartilage degeneration in naturally aged mice^[1].
10-Hydroxy-2-decenoic acid (0.5-2 mg/mL, s.c., once) has completely prevented the development of tumor in AKR mice and Ascitic tumor connaught mice^[2].
10-Hydroxy-2-decenoic acid (10-50 mg/kg, p.o., once a day, 4 weeks) renders strong protective effects against lipid accumulation and liver injury, protects against apoptosis in Methionine (HY-13694)-Choline (HY-B1337) deficient (MCD) diet induced NAFLD mice^[3].
10-Hydroxy-2-decenoic acid (basal diet containing 1-5 g/kg, o.p., 21 days) alleviates intestinal damage and growth performance loss through anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and gut microbiota regulatory activities in LPS (HY-D1056)-induced intestinal mucosal injury chickens model^[4].
10-Hydroxy-2-decenoic acid (40 mg/kg, p.o., once a day, 4 weeks) inhibits ovariectomy (OVX)-induced osteoclastic bone resorption without affecting bone formation in OVX mice^[10].

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

Animal Model:

DMM mouse (8-week-old male C57BL/6 J) model^[1]
Dosage:

10 mg / kg; 100 mg/kg
Administration:

IA injection, twice a week for 6 weeks; p.o., three times a week for 7 weeks
Result:

Increased the number of chondrocytes, improved knee cartilage erosion and superficial cartilage loss, inhibited cartilage degradation, increased the protein and mRNA levels of Col2 and Acan, and reduced the protein and mRNA levels of Mmp13.
Reduced pain-related behaviors associated with OA and DMM surgery.
Was not associated with any significant toxicity in oral administration group.
Inhibited the OA-induced down-regulation of ASPH expression.
Reduced p16 and p21 protein levels.

Animal Model:

Naturally aged (18 months old, male) C57BL/6 J mice model^[1]
Dosage:

10 mg/kg; 100 mg/kg
Administration:

IA injection, twice a week for 8 weeks; p.o., three times a week for 8 weeks
Result:

Reduced knee joint diameter, prevented joint swelling, partially alleviated aging-related cartilage degeneration, and improved OARSI scores.
Reduced p16, p21, and Mmp13 protein levels and increased Col2 protein and ASPH expression.

Animal Model:

AKR (2-5 million tumor cells) mice (female mice, 5-6 weeks) model^[2]
Dosage:

0.5 mg/mL, 1 mg/mL, 1.5 mg/mL, 2.0 mg/mL, 0.2 mL/mouse
Administration:

s.c., once
Result:

Had completely prevented the development of transplantable leukemia at 1.5 mg/mL.

Animal Model:

Ascitic tumor (the 6CSHED lymphosarcoma, the TAS mammary carcinoma, and the Ehrlich carcinoma, 5-8 million tumor cells) connaught mice (Male mice, 20-22 g) model^[2]
Dosage:

0.6 mg/mL, 1 mg/mL, 2.0 mg/mL
Administration:

s.c., once
Result:

Showed slight activity at a level of 0.6 mg/mL, while conferred complete protection at 1.0 mg/mL.

Animal Model:

MCD diet (5 weeks)-induced NAFLD in mice (Male C57BL/6, 6 weeks of age, weighing 20∼25 g) model^[3]
Dosage:

10 mg/kg; 50 mg/kg
Administration:

p.o., once a day, 4 weeks
Result:

Inhibited weight loss, reduced fat droplets, and lowered liver TG by 32% and 60%, respectively.
Reduced hepatocyte vacuoles and ballooning, and attenuated ALT and AST levels.
Reduced TUNEL cell area, reduced BAX expression and increased BCL2 expression.
Was involved in hepatic inflammatory recruitment mainly by regulating the infiltration of macrophages and neutrophils.
Suppressed hepatic lipid accumulation by regulation lipogenesis and fatty acid β-oxidation.

Animal Model:

LPS-induced (0.5 mg/kg, i.p.) intestinal mucosal injury chickens (one-day-old male) model^[4]
Dosage:

0.1% group, basal diet containing 1 g/kg; 0.5% group, basal diet containing 5 g/kg
Administration:

p.o., 21 days
Result:

Reduced feed-to-weight ratios in chickens, but had no significant effect on ADFI and ADG.
Alleviated bleeding in the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum, reduced epithelial villous damage in the jejunum and ileum, reduced serum DAO levels and CD in the jejunum, and increased VCR in the jejunum and ileum.
Reduced serum TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 levels, increased serum IgA and IgG concentrations, had no significant effect on TNF-α and IL-1β levels in the 0.5% group, and increased CAT and GSH-px activities in the 0.5% group.
Downregulated the mRNA expression levels of TLR4, NF-κB, IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, and Caspase-3, increased Bcl2 expression, and had no significant effect on the mRNA expression levels of TLR4, IL-1β, IL-6, Bax, and Caspase-3 in the 0.5% group, increased expression levels of CAT, SOD2, ZO-1, and OCLN.

Animal Model:

OVX mice (Eight-week–old female C57BL6/J) model^[10]
Dosage:

40 mg/kg
Administration:

p.o., once a day, 4 weeks
Result:

Inhibited the serum levels of C-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen (CTX-I) that contributes to osteoclast activity, without altering the serum levels of N-terminal propeptide of type I collagen (PINP).

Chemical Information

CAS No. 765-01-5
Appearance Solid
Molecular Weight 186.25
Formula C₁₀H₁₈O₃
Color White to off-white
SMILES

O=C(O)/C=C/CCCCCCCO
Synonyms

10-HDA; Queen Bee Acid
Structure Classification
- Ketones, Aldehydes, Acids
Initial Source
- Animals
Royal Jelly
Shipping

Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.

Storage

Powder	-20°C	3 years
	4°C	2 years
In solvent	-80°C	6 months
	-20°C	1 month

Solvent & Solubility

In Vitro:

DMSO : ≥ 250 mg/mL (1342.28 mM; Hygroscopic DMSO has a significant impact on the solubility of product, please use newly opened DMSO)

* "≥" means soluble, but saturation unknown.

View the Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

Preparing Stock Solutions

View the Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

Concentration Solvent Mass

1 mg

5 mg

10 mg

Concentration

Solvent

Mass

1 mM

5.3691 mL

26.8456 mL

53.6913 mL

5 mM

1.0738 mL

5.3691 mL

10.7383 mL

10 mM

0.5369 mL

2.6846 mL

5.3691 mL

Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.

Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.

Molarity Calculator

Mass (g) = Concentration (mol/L) × Volume (L) × Molecular Weight (g/mol)

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Purity & Documentation

Select Batch:

Purity: 99.98%

Assay: 99.98%

ee.: 99.98%

Data Sheet (292 KB)
SDS (254 KB)
- English - EN (254 KB)
- Français - FR (254 KB)
- Deutsch - DE (254 KB)
- Norwegian - NO (254 KB)
- Español - ES (254 KB)
- Swedish - SV (254 KB)
- Italian - IT (254 KB)
- Korean - KR (254 KB)
- Portuguese - PT (254 KB)
COA (2659 KB)
Elemental Analysis Report (2659 KB)
HNMR (2659 KB)
CNMR (2659 KB)
RP-HPLC (2659 KB)
NP-HPLC (2659 KB)
MS (2659 KB)
LCMS (2659 KB)
IR (2659 KB)
GC (2659 KB)
OR (2659 KB)
SDS-PAGE (2659 KB)
SEC-HPLC (2659 KB)
Other Report (2659 KB)
Handling Instructions (2659 KB)

References

[1]. Geng N, et al.10-hydroxy-2-decenoic acid prevents osteoarthritis by targeting aspartyl β hydroxylase and inhibiting chondrocyte senescence in male mice preclinically. Nat Commun. 2024 Sep 4;15(1):7712. [Content Brief]

[2]. TOWNSEND GF, et al. Studies on the in vitro antitumor activity of fatty acids. I. 10-Hydroxy-2-decenoic acid from royal jelly. Cancer Res. 1960 May;20:503-10 [Content Brief]

[3]. Tang M, et al. 10-Hydroxy-2-decenoic acid attenuates nonalcoholic fatty liver disease by activating AMPK-α signaling pathway. Biochem Pharmacol. 2025 Jan;231:116648. [Content Brief]

[4]. Han L, et al. 10-hydroxy-2-decenoic acid alleviates lipopolysaccharide-induced intestinal mucosal injury through anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and gut microbiota modulation activities in chickens. Front Microbiol. 2023 Oct 17;14:1285299. [Content Brief]

[5]. Gao K, et al. Anti-Biofilm and Anti-Hemolysis Activities of 10-Hydroxy-2-decenoic Acid against Staphylococcus aureus. Molecules. 2022 Feb 22;27(5):1485. [Content Brief]

[6]. BLUM MS, et al. 10-Hydroxy-delta 2-decenoic acid, an antibiotic found in royal jelly. Science. 1959 Aug 21;130(3373):452-3. [Content Brief]

[7]. Lin XM, et al. 10-HDA Induces ROS-Mediated Apoptosis in A549 Human Lung Cancer Cells by Regulating the MAPK, STAT3, NF-κB, and TGF-β1 Signaling Pathways. Biomed Res Int. 2020 Dec 8;2020:3042636. [Content Brief]

[8]. Honda Y, et al. Lifespan-extending effects of royal jelly and its related substances on the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. PLoS One. 2011;6(8):e23527. [Content Brief]

[9]. Tsuchiya Y, et al. The key royal jelly component 10-hydroxy-2-decenoic acid protects against bone loss by inhibiting NF-κB signaling downstream of FFAR4. J Biol Chem. 2020 Aug 21;295(34):12224-12232. [Content Brief]

Help & FAQs

How should lyophilized recombinant proteins be reconstituted and stored?

1. Before opening the cap, centrifuge the vial at 13000 rpm for 20-30 seconds. This step will ensure that any lyophilized powder that may have adhered to the cap or walls is collected at the bottom of the vial, minimizing the risk of product loss.

Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.

Optional Solvent	Concentration Solvent Mass	1 mg	5 mg	10 mg	25 mg
DMSO	1 mM	5.3691 mL	26.8456 mL	53.6913 mL	134.2282 mL
	5 mM	1.0738 mL	5.3691 mL	10.7383 mL	26.8456 mL
	10 mM	0.5369 mL	2.6846 mL	5.3691 mL	13.4228 mL
	15 mM	0.3579 mL	1.7897 mL	3.5794 mL	8.9485 mL
	20 mM	0.2685 mL	1.3423 mL	2.6846 mL	6.7114 mL
	25 mM	0.2148 mL	1.0738 mL	2.1477 mL	5.3691 mL
	30 mM	0.1790 mL	0.8949 mL	1.7897 mL	4.4743 mL
	40 mM	0.1342 mL	0.6711 mL	1.3423 mL	3.3557 mL
	50 mM	0.1074 mL	0.5369 mL	1.0738 mL	2.6846 mL
	60 mM	0.0895 mL	0.4474 mL	0.8949 mL	2.2371 mL
	80 mM	0.0671 mL	0.3356 mL	0.6711 mL	1.6779 mL
	100 mM	0.0537 mL	0.2685 mL	0.5369 mL	1.3423 mL

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10-Hydroxy-2-decenoic acid

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