2. Signaling Pathways
  3. Apoptosis
  4. Apoptosis

Apoptosis

Apoptosis

Apoptosis

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Apoptosis is a distinctive form of cell death exhibiting specific morphological and biochemical characteristics, including cell membrane blebbing, chromatin condensation, genomic DNA fragmentation, and exposure of specific phagocytosis signaling molecules on the cell surface. Cells undergoing apoptosis differ from those dying through necrosis. Necrotic cells are usually recognized by the immune system as a danger signal and, thus, resulting in inflammation; in contrast, apoptotic death is quiet and orderly.

There are two major pathways of apoptotic cell death induction: The intrinsic pathway, also called the Bcl-2-regulated or mitochondrial pathway, is activated by various developmental cues or cytotoxic insults, such as viral infection, DNA damage and growth-factor deprivation, and is strictly controlled by the BCL-2 family of proteins. The extrinsic or death-receptor pathway is triggered by ligation of death receptors (members of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor family, such as Fas or TNF receptor-1 (TNFR1)) that contain an intracellular death domain, which can recruit and activate caspase-8 through the adaptor protein Fas-associated death domain (FADD; also known as MORT1) at the cell surface. This recruitment causes subsequent activation of downstream (effector) caspases, such as caspase-3, -6 or -7, without any involvement of the BCL-2 family.

Studies suggest that alterations in cell survival contribute to the pathogenesis of a number of human diseases, including cancer, viral infections, autoimmune diseases, neurodegenerative disorders, and AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome). Treatments designed to specifically alter the apoptotic threshold may have the potential to change the natural progression of some of these diseases.

Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-160487
    KME-2780
    		Inducer 98.94%
    KME-2780 is the orally active inhibitor for IRAK1 and IRAK4 with IC50s of 19 nM and 0.5 nM. KME-2780 can be used for research of dysregulation of innate immune signaling and hematologic malignancies.
    KME-2780
  • HY-N6779
    Patulin
    		Inducer 99.94%
    Patulin (Terinin) is a mycotoxin produced by fungi including the Aspergillus, Penicillium, and Byssochlamys species, causes chromosome breakage, mutation, teratogenic and cytotoxic. Patulin induces autophagy-dependent apoptosis through lysosomal-mitochondrial axis, and causes DNA damage.
    Patulin
  • HY-N0481
    Roburic acid
    		Inducer 99.93%
    Roburic acid acts as an anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor and osteoclastogenesis inhibitor, with a Ki of 7.066 μM against human TNF, an IC50 of 9 μM against human COX-2, and an IC50 of 5 μM against ovine COX-1. Roburic acid reduces the production of inflammatory mediators such as NO and IL-6 in macrophages by inhibiting the NF-κB and MAPK (p38/JNK) pathways. By competitively inhibiting the TNF-TNF-R1 interaction, Roburic acid blocks the downstream NF-κB signaling pathway, thereby inducing cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in cancer cells. Roburic acid specifically inhibits osteoclastogenesis and bone resorption by suppressing the RANKL/TRAF6/NF-κB/NFATc1 axis. Roburic acid can be used in research related to osteolytic diseases such as osteoporosis, colorectal cancer and inflammatory diseases.
    Roburic acid
  • HY-N7028
    Withanolide A
    		Inducer 99.98%
    Withanolide A is an orally active extract from the Indian herb Ashwagandha. Withanolide A can induce apoptosis. Withanolide A has anti-inflammatory and antitumor activity. Withanolide A can be used in the study of neurodegenerative diseases.
    Withanolide A
  • HY-W017443
    L-Asparagine monohydrate
    		99.77%
    L-Asparagine monohydrate is an essential amino acid for leukemic cells and a substrate for L-Asparaginase. L-Asparaginase is a potent anti-leukemic enzyme that promotes asparagine (Asn) and glutamine (Gln) depletion and inhibits protein biosynthesis in lymphoblasts. Removal of L-asparagine from plasma by L-Asparaginase results in inhibition of RNA and DNA synthesis and subsequent apoptosis. L-Asparaginase has cell-killing ability in vitro and in vivo, and selectively inhibits the growth of cancer cells with low asparagine synthetase (AASNS) expression. L-Asparagine monohydrate can be used as a biomarker and sensor for the study of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia.
    L-Asparagine monohydrate
  • HY-19149
    Ro24-7429
    		Inducer 99.85%
    Ro24-7429 is a potent and orally active HIV-1 transactivator protein Tat antagonist. Ro24-7429 is also a runt-related transcription factor 1 (RUNX1) inhibitor. Ro24-7429 has anti-HIV, antifibrotic and anti-inflammatory effects.
    Ro24-7429
  • HY-N6074
    Soyasapogenol B
    		Inducer 99.91%
    Soyasapogenol B is a component of soy that has oral activity. Soyasapogenol B promotes autophagy and apoptosis. Soyasapogenol B has anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and antitumor activities.
    Soyasapogenol B
  • HY-108359
    Alsterpaullone
    		Activator 99.85%
    Alsterpaullone (9-Nitropaullone) is a potent CDK inhibitor, with IC50s of 35 nM, 15 nM, 200 nM and 40 nM for CDK1/cyclin B, CDK2/cyclin A, CDK2/cyclin E and CDK5/p35, respectively. Alsterpaullone also competes with ATP for binding to GSK-3alpha/GSK-3beta with IC50s of both 4 nM. Alsterpaullone has antitumor activity, and possesses potential for the study in neurodegenerative and proliferative disorders. Alsterpaullone induces apoptosis in leukemia cell line.
    Alsterpaullone
  • HY-W013260
    2'-O-Methylguanosine
    		Inducer 99.81%
    2'-O-Methylguanosine is a modified nucleoside produced in tRNAs by the action of tRNA guanosine-2’-O-methyltransferase. 2'-O-Methylguanosine results in apoptotic changes of cells.
    2'-O-Methylguanosine
  • HY-N0730
    Diosgenin glucoside
    		Inhibitor 99.96%
    Diosgenin glucoside, a saponin compound extracted from Trillium tschonoskii, provides neuroprotection by regulating microglial M1 polarization. Diosgenin glucoside protects against spinal cord injury by regulating autophagy and alleviating apoptosis .
    Diosgenin glucoside
  • HY-136420
    SJF-0628
    		Inducer 99.90%
    SJF-0628 is a RAF PROTAC degrader. SJF-0628 induces targeted degradation of BRAF in various cancer cell lines (colorectal cancer cell lines (Colo-205, LS-411N, HT-29, RKO) and triple-negative breast cancer cell line DU-4475). SJF-0628 decreases pMEK and pErk levels in DU-4475 cells. SJF-0628 has anti-tumor activity. SJF-0628 can be used for research of colorectal cancer and triple-negative breast cancer.
    SJF-0628
  • HY-N0447
    8-Gingerol
    		Inducer 99.82%
    8-Gingerol can be found in the rhizome of ginger (Z. officinale) and has oral bioactivity. It activates TRPV1, with an EC50 value of 5.0 µM. 8-Gingerol inhibits COX-2 and also suppresses the growth of H. pylori in vitro. Additionally, 8-Gingerol exhibits anticancer, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties by inhibiting the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and modulating its downstream STAT3/ERK pathway to suppress the proliferation, migration, and invasion of colorectal cancer cells. 8-Gingerol also exerts immunosuppressive effects by inhibiting oxidative stress, inducing cell cycle arrest, promoting apoptosis, and regulating autophagy. Furthermore, 8-Gingerol has cardioprotective effects. 8-Gingerol is promising for research in the fields of cancer, infection, immunosuppression, and cardiovascular diseases.
    8-Gingerol
  • HY-107811
    Harmol
    		Inducer 99.81%
    Harmol is an orally active β-carboline alkaloid. Harmol is a TFEB activator and monoamine oxidase inhibitor. Harmol can induce cell mitosis, Autophagy and Apoptosis. Harmol promotes the degradation of α-synuclein by regulating the autophagy-lysosomal pathway. Harmol has anti-tumor, anti-depressant and anti-aging activities. Harmol improves motor impairment in a mouse Parkinson's disease model.
    Harmol
  • HY-147135
    MYF-03-69
    		Inducer 98.11%
    MYF-03-69 (TEAD-IN-3) is a covalent and irreversible TEAD inhibitor with IC50s of 385, 143, 558 and 173 nM for TEAD1, TEAD2, TEAD3 and TEAD4. MYF-03-69 disrupts YAP-TEAD association, suppresses TEAD transcriptional activity (IC50 = 56 nM) and up-regulates apoptosis gene BMF. MYF-03-69 selectively inhibits mesothelioma cancer cells with defective Hippo signaling. MYF-03-69 can be used for the study of malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM).
    MYF-03-69
  • HY-W013075
    Rutin trihydrate
    		Inducer
    Rutin (Rutoside) trihydrate is a multifunctional natural flavonoid glycoside. Rutin trihydrate has been demonstrating excellent antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic, and anti-carcinogenic properties. Cardioprotective and neuroprotective activities .
    Rutin trihydrate
  • HY-B0185R
    Lidocaine (Standard)
    		Inducer
    Lidocaine (Standard) is the analytical standard of Lidocaine. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Lidocaine (Lignocaine) inhibits sodium channels involving complex voltage and using dependence. Lidocaine decreases growth, migration and invasion of gastric carcinoma cells via up-regulating miR-145 expression and further inactivation of MEK/ERK and NF-κB signaling pathways. Lidocaine is an amide derivative and has potential for the research of ventricular arrhythmia.
    Lidocaine (Standard)
  • HY-B0167S
    Salicylic acid-d6
    		Inducer 99.82%
    Salicylic acid-d6 is a deuterium labeled Salicylic acid (HY-B0167). Salicylic acid inhibits cyclo-oxygenase-2 (COX-2) activity independently of transcription factor (NF-κB) activation.
    Salicylic acid-d<sub>6</sub>
  • HY-N7106
    Dimethyl phthalate
    		Inducer 99.87%
    Dimethyl phthalate (DMP) can be used as a plasticizer to impart flexibility to rigid polyvinyl chloride (PVC) resin. Additionally, Dimethyl phthalate is an oral active endocrine disruptor that can cause ovarian dysfunction in mice. Dimethyl phthalate can also induce oxidative stress and apoptosis in cells, thereby affecting blood and red blood cell function in rats.
    Dimethyl phthalate
  • HY-122113
    PD173952
    		Inducer 99.58%
    PD173952 is a tyrosine kinases inhibitor with IC50s of 0.3, 1.7 and 6.6 nM against Lyn, Abl and Csk, respectively. PD173952 is also a potent Myt1 kinase inhibitor with a Ki of 8.1 nM. PD173952 induces apoptosis.
    PD173952
  • HY-B0657A
    Clodronic acid disodium salt
    		Inducer 99.80%
    Clodronic acid (Clodronate) disodium salt is an orally active bisphosphonate. Clodronic acid disodium salt inhibits osteoclast-mediated bone resorption. Clodronic acid disodium salt reduces skeletal event risk in malignant bone disease, impairs malignant osteolysis, blocks bone matrix growth-factor release, induces apoptosis in osteoclasts and macrophages. Clodronic acid disodium salt is effective in the maintenance or improvement of bone mineral density. Clodronic acid disodium salt can be used for the research of multiple myeloma and postmenopausal osteoporosis.
    Clodronic acid disodium salt
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity