Ferroptosis Inhibitor

Ferrostatin-1 (Fer-1), a potent and selective ferroptosis inhibitor, suppresses Erastin-induced ferroptosis in HT-1080 cells (EC₅₀=60 nM). Ferrostatin-1, a synthetic antioxidant, acts via a reductive mechanism to prevent damage to membrane lipids and thereby inhibits cell death. Ferrostatin-1 exhibits antifungal activity.

Acetylcysteine (N-Acetylcysteine) is a mucolytic agent that can cross the blood-brain barrier, which reduces the thickness of the mucus. Acetylcysteine is a ROS inhibitor. Acetylcysteine is a cysteine precursor, prevents hemin-induced ferroptosis by neutralizing toxic lipids generated by arachidonate-dependent activity of 5-lipoxygenases. Acetylcysteine induces cell apoptosis. Acetylcysteine also has anti-influenza virus activities. In addition, Acetylcysteine ​​is the most stable form of cysteine ​​during drug delivery and can be used in disulfidptosis studies.

Necrostatin-1 (Nec-1) is a potent and cross the blood-brain barrier necroptosis inhibitor with an EC₅₀ of 490 nM in Jurkat cells. Necrostatin-1 inhibits RIP1 kinase (EC₅₀=182 nM). Necrostatin-1 is also an IDO inhibitor.

Rosiglitazone (BRL 49653) is an orally active selective PPARγ agonist (EC₅₀: 60 nM, K_d: 40 nM), with blood-brain barrier permeability. Rosiglitazone is an TRPC5 activator (EC₅₀: 30 μM) and TRPM3 inhibitor. Rosiglitazone can be used in the research of obesity and diabetes, senescence, ovarian cancer.

Liproxstatin-1 is a potent ferroptosis inhibitor and inhibits ferroptotic cell death (IC₅₀=22 nM).

SP600125 is an orally active, reversible, and ATP-competitive JNK inhibitor with IC₅₀s of 40, 40 and 90 nM for JNK1, JNK2 and JNK3, respectively. SP600125 is a potent ferroptosis inhibitor. SP600125 induces the transformation of bladder cancer cells from autophagy to apoptosis.

Curcumin (Diferuloylmethane), a natural phenolic compound, is a p300/CREB-binding protein-specific inhibitor of acetyltransferase, represses the acetylation of histone/nonhistone proteins and histone acetyltransferase-dependent chromatin transcription. Curcumin is a photosensitizer against microorganisms. Curcumin shows inhibitory effects on NF-κB and MAPKs, and has diverse pharmacologic effects including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antiproliferative and antiangiogenic activities. Curcumin induces stabilization of Nrf2 protein through Keap1 cysteine modification.

L-Glutathione reduced (GSH; γ-L-Glutamyl-L-cysteinyl-glycine) is an endogenous antioxidant and is capable of scavenging oxygen-derived free radicals.

Trolox is an analogue of vitamin E with a powerful antioxidant effect. Trolox is also a powerful inhibitor of membrane damage.

U-73122 is a phospholipase C (PLC) and 5-LO (5-lipoxygenase) inhibitor with an IC₅₀of 1-2.1 µM for PLC.

NADPH tetrasodium salt functions as an important cofactor in a variety of metabolic and biosynthetic pathways. NADPH tetrasodium salt is an endogenous inhibitor of ferroptosis. NADPH tetrasodium salt plays a vital role in the biosynthesis of agents, chiral alcohols, fatty acids and biopolymers, while also being required for lipid biosynthesis, biomass formation, and cell replication.

Pioglitazone (U 72107) is an orally active and selective PPARγ (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor) agonist with high affinity binding to the PPARγ ligand-binding domain with EC₅₀ of 0.93 and 0.99 μM for human and mouse PPARγ, respectively. Pioglitazone can be used in diabetes research.

L-Glutamine (L-Glutamic acid 5-amide) is a non-essential amino acid present abundantly throughout the body and involved in many metabolic processes. L-Glutamine provides a source of carbons for oxidation in some cells.

Baicalein (5,6,7-Trihydroxyflavone) is a xanthine oxidase inhibitor with an IC₅₀ value of 3.12 μM.

α-Vitamin E ((+)-α-Tocopherol), a naturally occurring vitamin E form, is a potent antioxidant.

Troglitazone is an orally active PPARγ agonist, with EC₅₀s of 550 nM and 780 nM for human and murine PPARγ receptor, respectively. Troglitazone has anticancer activity, prevents and inhibits the development of type 2 diabetes.

L-Glutamine-¹³C₅ is the ¹³C-labeled L-Glutamine (HY-N0390). L-Glutamine is an orally active nutritional agent and cellular metabolism regulator. L-Glutamine is taken up in a Na⁺-dependent manner and targets multiple key molecules including glutaminase, mTORC1, NF-κB, STAT-3 and HIF-1α. L-Glutamine enhances glutaminolytic catabolism, drives the conversion of glutamate to α-ketoglutarate, thereby regulating gene expression, integrating metabolic signals, mediating glutamine flux and maintaining redox homeostasis. L-Glutamine also promotes cell proliferation, osteogenic differentiation and fracture healing, exerts neuroprotective and cardioprotective effects, and inhibits osteoarthritis. L-Glutamine can be applied to research related to osteoporosis, osteoarthritis, ischemic stroke and acute cantharidin-induced cardiotoxicity.

Deferiprone is a potent, orally active, brain-penetrant, cell-penetrant, skin-permeable, free iron chelating agent. Deferiprone inhibits the proliferation and migration, and stimulates apoptosis in tumor cell. Deferiprone can inhibit KDM. Deferiprone has antianemic, neuroprotective, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antidotal activity. Deferiprone can be used in cancer, cardiovascular disease, infection, inflammation, and neurological disease study.

Coenzyme Q10 is an essential cofactor of the electron transport chain and a potent antioxidant agent.

Dopamine hydrochloride (ASL279) is a catecholamine neurotransmitter that is produced in the substantia nigra, ventral tegmental area, and hypothalamus of the brain. Dopamine hydrochloride (ASL279) plays several important roles in the brain and body. Dopamine hydrochloride (ASL279) acts through D2 dopamine receptors to induce endocytosis of VEGFR2, which is critical for promoting angiogenesis.