2. Signaling Pathways
  3. Metabolic Enzyme/Protease
  4. Endogenous Metabolite

Endogenous Metabolite

Endogenous Metabolite

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Endogenous metabolites refer to the collective set of small-molecule chemical substances present within organelles, cells, organs, biological fluids, or entire organisms; their molecular weights are typically less than 1500 Da. These endogenous metabolites—including lipids, amino acids, short peptides, nucleic acids, carbohydrates, alcohols, and organic acids—not only participate in signal transduction governing genomic function but also receive upstream signals from the environment, thereby bridging the interrelationships among genotype, environment, and phenotype. Based on their biological functions, microbial endogenous metabolites can be broadly classified into two categories: primary metabolites and secondary metabolites. Primary metabolites are the core molecules essential for supporting microbial growth and proliferation; they serve to provide energy to the microbes or act as precursors and cofactors for the synthesis of biological macromolecules. In contrast, microbial secondary metabolites are a class of low-molecular-weight products that are not strictly essential for microbial growth. Nevertheless, microbial secondary metabolites include numerous substances—such as antibiotics, anti-tumor agents, and cholesterol-lowering agents—that are of critical importance to human health[1][2][3]. Furthermore, the metabolome of a biological organism is influenced by a variety of endogenous factors, including age, sex, body composition, genetic background, and underlying pathological states. The small-molecule metabolites within an organism are diverse and highly distinct; their levels are typically subject to the synergistic regulation of a vast array of enzymes and transport proteins, undergoing processes of synthesis, transformation, degradation, and compartmentalized distribution. Metabolomics research based on endogenous metabolites has been widely applied in the fields of metabolic disorders, neurodegenerative diseases, cancer, cardiovascular diseases, and infectious diseases, where these metabolites hold potential utility as biomarkers or therapeutic targets[1][2][3].

Endogenous Metabolite Isoform Specific Products:

Endogenous Metabolite Isoform Comparison
Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-128738
    Thymidine-5'-monophosphate disodium salt
    		99.52%
    Thymidine-5'-monophosphate (TMP) disodium salt is a key nucleotide in pyrimidine metabolism, and its kinase activity can be competitively inhibited by 5'-fluorothymidine. The level of Thymidine-5'-monophosphate disodium salt is closely associated with acute kidney injury.
    Thymidine-5'-monophosphate disodium salt
  • HY-P2832
    Acyl coenzyme A synthetase
    Acyl coenzyme A synthetase (ACS), namely acetyl coenzyme A synthetase, is often used in biochemical research. Acyl coenzyme A synthetase can catalyze the activation of fatty acids by coenzyme A through a two-step thioesterification reaction to produce acyl coenzyme A, and then participate in a variety of anabolic and catabolic lipid metabolism pathways, and participate in the TCA cycle in aerobic respiration.
    Acyl coenzyme A synthetase
  • HY-14608S7
    L-Glutamic acid-d5
    		99.84%
    L-Glutamic acid-d5 is the deuterium labeled L-Glutamic acid. L-Glutamic acid acts as an excitatory transmitter and an agonist at all subtypes of glutamate receptors (metabotropic, kainate, NMDA, and AMPA). L-Glutamic acid shows a direct activating effect on the release of DA from dopaminergic terminals.
    L-Glutamic acid-d<sub>5</sub>
  • HY-B1189
    Meglutol
    		99.95%
    Meglutol is a lipid-lowering agent. Meglutol can reduces cholesterol, triglycerides, serum β-lipoprotein, and phospholipids, and inhibits the activity of HMG-CoA reductase (a rate-limiting enzyme in cholesterol biosynthesis). Meglutol can induce significant lipid oxidative damage in brain tissue. It is promising for research in the field of cardiovascular diseases and metabolic diseases.
    Meglutol
  • HY-N0326S2
    L-Methionine-13C,d3
    		99.9%
    L-Methionine-13C,d3 is the 13C- and deuterium labeled L-Methionine. L-Methionine is the L-isomer of Methionine, an essential amino acid for human development. Methionine acts as a hepatoprotectant.
    L-Methionine-<sup>13</sup>C,d<sub>3</sub>
  • HY-N7122
    Thymopentin
    		99.94%
    Thymopentin is a biologically active peptide secreted mainly by the epithelial cells of thymic cortex and medulla. Thymopentin is an effective immunomodulatory agent with a short plasma half-life of 30 seconds. Thymopentin enhances the generation of T-cell lineage derived from human embryonic stem cells (hESCs).
    Thymopentin
  • HY-N1446S1
    Oleic acid-d2
    		99.8%
    Oleic acid-d2) is the deuterium labeled Oleic acid (HY-N1446). Oleic acid (9-cis-Octadecenoic acid) is an abundant monounsaturated fatty acid]. Oleic acid is a Na+/K+ ATPase activator.
    Oleic acid-d<sub>2</sub>
  • HY-113205
    15-keto-Prostaglandin E2
    		≥99.0%
    15-keto-Prostaglandin E2 (15-keto-PGE2) is an endogenous PGE2 metabolite. 15-keto-Prostaglandin E2 inhibits STAT3 activation by binding to the Cys259 residue of STAT3. 15-keto-Prostaglandin E2 binds to and stabilizes EP2 and EP4 receptors. 15-keto-Prostaglandin E2 inhibits the growth and progression of breast cancer cells. 15-keto-Prostaglandin E2 activates PPAR-γ and promotes fungal growth. 15-keto-Prostaglandin E2 disrupts glomerular vascularization during zebrafish development and reduces the surface area of the glomerular filtration barrier.
    15-keto-Prostaglandin E2
  • HY-W012814
    4-Methylcatechol
    		99.52%
    4-Methylcatechol is an intermediate in the degradation of some alkylbenzenes and an orally active suicide inhibitor of catechol 2,3-dioxygenase (C23O). 4-Methylcatechol induces apoptosis in melanoma cells through oxidative stress, but some studies have also shown that 4-Methylcatechol is carcinogenic. In addition, 4-Methylcatechol has antiplatelet and blood pressure-lowering activities. 4-Methylcatechol can also inhibit protein oxidation in beef but does not disulfide formation.
    4-Methylcatechol
  • HY-N0486S8
    L-Leucine-13C6,15N
    		99.90%
    L-Leucine-13C6,15N is the 13C- and 15N-labeled L-Leucine. L-Leucine is an essential branched-chain amino acid (BCAA), which activates the mTOR signaling pathway.
    L-Leucine-<sup>13</sup>C<sub>6</sub>,<sup>15</sup>N
  • HY-113100
    N-Acetylputrescine hydrochloride
    		≥99.0%
    N-Acetylputrescine hydrochloride is a polyamine metabolite that regulates cell proliferation and signal transduction mainly by participating in polyamine acetylation modification. N-Acetylputrescine hydrochloride may reduce the positive charge of polyamines, affect protein-nucleic acid interactions, and promote cell growth. The concentration changes of N-Acetylputrescine hydrochloride can help disease diagnosis (such as early screening and efficacy evaluation of lung cancer) and microbial cell wall structure research. N-Acetylputrescine hydrochloride can be used as a potential biomarker for the progression of squamous cell carcinoma of the lung (SCCL) and Parkinson's disease (PD).
    N-Acetylputrescine hydrochloride
  • HY-NP006
    Protein A
    Protein A (SPA) is an immunoglobulin (Ig)-binding protein that exists on the bacterial surface and can be freely secreted into the extracellular environment. Protein A blocks opsonophagocytosis and induces B cell apoptosis in vitro by binding to the Fc region of antibodies and the Fab region of B cell receptors. Protein A can form toxic immune complexes with IgG, thereby inducing leukocyte necrosis. Protein A contributes to the virulence expression of Staphylococcus aureus. Protein A triggers allergic reactions in IgG-pretreated mouse models. Protein A can be used in studies related to immune system diseases.
    Protein A
  • HY-W011417
    Cinnabarinic acid
    		99.86%
    Cinnabarinic acid is a specific orthosteric agonist of mGlu4 by interacting with residues of the glutamate binding pocket of mGlu4, has no activity at other mGlu receptors. Cinnabarinic acid is an endogenous metabolite of the kynurenine pathway of tryptophan. Cinnabarinic acid induces cell apoptosis.
    Cinnabarinic acid
  • HY-101407
    Nicotinamide N-oxide
    		99.85%
    Nicotinamide N-oxide, an in vivo nicotinamide metabolite, is a potent, and selective antagonist of the CXCR2 receptor.
    Nicotinamide N-oxide
  • HY-128736C
    L-2-Phosphoglyceric acid sodium hydrate
    L-2-Phosphoglyceric acid sodium hydrate is an endogenous metabolite.
    L-2-Phosphoglyceric acid sodium hydrate
  • HY-A0181R
    Adenosine monophosphate (Standard)
    Adenosine monophosphate (Standard) is the analytical standard of Adenosine monophosphate (HY-A0181). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Adenosine monophosphate is an adenosine A1 receptor agonist. Adenosine monophosphate has significant antiviral activity against HSV-1 and HSV-2. Adenosine monophosphate is a key cellular metabolite regulating energy homeostasis and signal transduction.
    Adenosine monophosphate (Standard)
  • HY-F0001R
    NADH disodium salt (Standard)
    NADH (disodium salt) (Standard) is the analytical standard of NADH (disodium salt). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. NADH disodium salt (Disodium NADH) is an orally active reduced coenzyme. NADH disodium salt is a donor of ADP-ribose units in ADP-ribosylaton reactions and a precursor of cyclic ADP-ribose. NADH disodium salt plays a role as a regenerative electron donor in cellular energy metabolism, including glycolysis, β-oxidation and the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle.
    NADH disodium salt (Standard)
  • HY-113511
    Glycogen, Mussel
    		99.3%
    Glycogen, Mussel is a glycolytic intermediates and high-energy phosphates that can serve as a form of energy storage in humans, animals, fungi, and bacteria.
    Glycogen, Mussel
  • HY-A0070B
    Liothyronine sodium hydrate
    		98.24%
    Liothyronine sodium hydrate is an active form of thyroid hormone. Liothyronine sodium hydrate is a potent thyroid hormone receptors TRα and TRβ agonist with Kis of 2.33 nM for hTRα and hTRβ, respectively.
    Liothyronine sodium hydrate
  • HY-113293A
    Estrone sulfate potassium
    		99.94%
    Estrone sulfate potassium is an inactive endogenous estrogen that can be converted into Estrone (HY-B0234) and Estradiol (HY-B0141). Estrone sulfate potassium is also a substrate of the OATP1B3 transporter. Estrone sulfate potassium can be converted into Estrone and Estradiol in normal mammary parenchymal cells. Estrone sulfate potassium stimulates the growth of nitrosomethylurea-induced mammary tumors in ovariectomized rats and the colony formation of dispersed nitrosomethylurea mammary cells, with conversion into Estrone and Estradiol occurring both in vivo and in vitro during this process. Estrone sulfate potassium is applicable to breast cancer-related research.
    Estrone sulfate potassium
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity
Endogenous Metabolite Isoform Comparison

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