NF-κB

Nuclear factor-κB; Nuclear factor-kappaB

NF-κB

NF-κB Isoform Specific Products:

NF-κB Isoform Comparison

NF-κB Related Products (1743)
Antibodies (32)
NF-κB Signaling Pathway
NF-κB Isoform Comparison

By Effects:	Inhibitors (1428) Agonists (6) Degraders (3) Controls (7) Ligands (2) Antagonist (1) Activators (131) Modulators (33) Inducers (3)

Cat. No.	Product Name	Effect	Purity	Chemical Structure

HY-N8593

Undecane	Inhibitor	99.66%
Undecane is a potent cAMP agonist with anti-allergic and anti-inflammatory activities. Undecane inhibits degranulation and the secretion of histamine and TNF-α. Undecane reverses the increased levels of p38 phosphorylation, NF-κB transcriptional activity and target cytokine/chemokine genes, including thymus and activation-regulated chemokine (TARC), macrophage-derived chemokine (MDC) and interleukin-8 (IL-8). Undecane can be used for the study of skin inflammatory disorders, such as atopic dermatitis.

HY-N0440R

Germacrone (Standard)	Inhibitor
Germacrone (Standard) is an analytical standard of Gemmacrone (HY-N0440). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Germacrone (Standard) is a sesquiterpene compound with multiple biological activities. Germacrone (Standard) inhibits the H1N1 and H3N2 inﬂuenza A viruses and the inﬂuenza B virus. Germacrone (Standard) blocks the progressionof arthritis by regulating Th1/Th2 balance and inhibiting NF-κB signaling. Germacrone (Standard) can arrest the cell cycle at G0/G1 and G2/M phases and induce apoptosis in breast cancer cells. Germacrone (Standard) inhibits 5α-reductase and has anti-androgenic effect. Germacrone (Standard) has neuroprotective functions and can be used for the study of traumatic brain injury (TBI). Germacrone (Standard) also has antioxidant activity.

HY-P990124

Anti-Mouse GITR Antibody (DTA-1)	Activator	98.47%
Anti-Mouse GITR Antibody (DTA-1) is a rat derived IgG2b monoclonal agonist antibody targeting mouse GITR. Anti-Mouse GITR Antibody (DTA-1) can activate T cells and B cells to enhance immune response. Anti-Mouse GITR Antibody (DTA-1) selectively enhances Th2 cell effector function through GITR signaling. Anti-Mouse GITR Antibody (DTA-1) may exacerbate allergic reactions. Anti-Mouse GITR Antibody (DTA-1) can be used for researches on cancer and allergic conditions such as colon cancer and allergic asthma. The recommed isotype control of Anti-Mouse GITR Antibody (DTA-1) is Rat IgG2b kappa, Isotype Control (HY-P990682).

HY-113416R

Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (Standard)	Inhibitor
Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA sulfate; Prasterone sulfate) (Standard) is the analytical standard of Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (HY-113416). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA sulfate; Prasterone sulfate) is a neurosteroid and the main secretion product of the adrenal gland. Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate has both non-competitive antagonist activity of GABA_A receptor and agonist activity of σ₁ receptor. Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate can partially penetrate the blood-brain barrier, inhibit GABA_A receptor-mediated chloride influx, enhance NMDA receptor activity through σ₁ receptors, exert anti-inflammatory, anti-glucocorticoid and antidepressant effects, and increase convulsive sensitivity. Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate participates in neuroprotection, neurite growth regulation and catecholamine secretion regulation, and can be used in the study of depression, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), Alzheimer's disease, etc. Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate may also be a biomarker for cardiovascular disease mortality, and its concentration is independently and negatively correlated with mortality.

HY-N0854

Alisol F	Inhibitor	99.89%
Alisol F is a protostane-type triterpenoid with anti-inflammatory and anti-hepatitis B virus activities. Alisol F inhibits LPS (HY-D1056)-induced phosphorylation of ERK, JNK, p38, STAT3 and NF-κB (p65), suppresses the production of NO, IL-6, TNF-α and IL-1β, and also downregulates the levels of iNOS and COX-2. Alisol F reduces the serum alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase levels in mice with acute liver injury and ameliorates their liver pathological damage.

HY-15027R

5-Aminosalicylic Acid (Standard)	Inhibitor
5-Aminosalicylic Acid (Standard) is the analytical standard of 5-Aminosalicylic Acid. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. 5-Aminosalicylic acid (Mesalamine) acts as a specific PPARγ agonist and also inhibits p21-activated kinase 1 (PAK1) and NF-κB. 5-Aminosalicylic acid can inhibit the activity of osteopontin (OPN).

HY-W011398

Linoleate sodium		99.88%
Linoleate sodium is an orally active IL8 regulator via the JNK and NF-κB pathway. Linoleate sodium can change the composition of fatty acids and the production of metabolites in cells. Linoleate sodium has anti-inflammatory, immune-regulating, and tumor cell growth-affecting activities.

HY-12286

PI-1840	Inhibitor	98.78%
PI-1840 is a potent and selective chymotrypsin-like (CT-L) inhibitor for with an IC₅₀ value of 27 nM. PI-1840 inhibits cell proliferation and arrest cell cycle at G2/M phase. PI-1840 induces apoptosis and induces autophagy. PI-1840 induces the accumulation of proteasome substrates p27, Bax, and IκB-α.

HY-122808

(-)-Camphoric acid	Inducer	99.91%
(-)-Camphoric acid is the less active enantiomer of Camphoric acid. Camphoric acid induces glutamate receptor expression. Camphoric acid also significantly induces the activation of NF-κB and AP-1. Camphoric acid significantly stimulates the differentiation of mouse osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 subclone 4 cells. Camphoric acid has weak regulatory function towards glutamate receptors. Camphoric acid can induce mRNA expression of glutamate signaling molecules and activate transcription factors, thereby stimulating osteoblast differentiation.

HY-P990018

Boserolimab	Activator	99.00%
Boserolimab (MK-5890) is a humanized agonist monoclonal antibody that binds to CD27 to provide a costimulatory signal that enhances T-cell–mediated responses.

HY-N4327

Eurycomalactone	Inhibitor	99.74%
Eurycomalactone is an active quassinoid could be isolated from Eurycoma longifolia Jack. Eurycomalactone is a potent NF-κB inhibitor with an IC₅₀ value of 0.5 μM. Eurycomalactone inhibits protein synthesis and depletes cyclin D1. Eurycomalactone enhances radiosensitivity through arrest cell cycle at G2/M phase and delayed DNA double-strand break repair. Eurycomalactone inhibits the activation of AKT/NF-κB signaling, induces apoptosis and enhances chemosensitivity to Cisplatin (HY-17394).

HY-121955

FW1256	Inhibitor
FW1256 is a phenyl analogue and a slow-releasing hydrogen sulfide (H₂S) donor. FW1256 inhibits NF-κB activity and induces cell apoptosis. FW1256 exerts potent anti-inflammatory effects and has the potential for cancer and cardiovascular disease treatment.

HY-N2439

Methyl isoeugenol	Inhibitor	98.11%
Methyl isoeugenol is an orally active, blood-brain barrier-permeable isoeugenol-type eugenol analog. Methyl isoeugenol promotes the nuclear translocation of Nrf2, upregulates the expressions of HO-1, NQO1 and SOD, and reduces the expression level of MDA. Methyl isoeugenol decreases the nuclear translocation of NF-κB. Methyl isoeugenol inhibits NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated pyroptosis. Methyl isoeugenol reduces cerebral infarction volume and regulates the M1/M2 phenotypic balance of microglia. Methyl isoeugenol can be used for the research of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury.

HY-N4231

Lucyoside B	Inhibitor	99.21%
Lucyoside B inhibits the production of inflammatory mediators via both NF-κB and activator protein-1 pathways in activated macrophages.

HY-B0516

Articaine hydrochloride	Inhibitor	99.38%
Articaine (Hoe-045) hydrochloride is a selective inhibitor of voltage-gated sodium channels (such as rNav1.4, hNav1.7, and rNav1.8), with an IC₅₀ of 15.8 μM for open-state Na⁺ channels, and IC₅₀ of 40.6 μM and 378 μM for inactivated and resting-state Na⁺ channels, respectively. Articaine hydrochloride exerts local anesthetic activity by inhibiting Na⁺ influx to block nerve impulse conduction, and can also inhibit NF-κB activation and NLRP3 inflammasome pathways, exhibiting anti-inflammatory function. Articaine hydrochloride can be used in the study of dental local anesthesia and inflammatory-related diseases (such as acute kidney injury).

HY-N4314

Scutellarein tetramethyl ether	Inhibitor	99.93%
Scutellarein tetramethyl ether (4',5,6,7-Tetramethoxyflavone) is a bioactive compound extracted from Eupatorium odoratum. Scutellarein tetramethyl ether exhibits anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, pro-coagulant, and anti-tumor activities. Scutellarein tetramethyl ether exerts its anti-inflammatory effects by modulating the NF-κB pathway and regulates bacterial resistance through the inhibition of efflux pumps. Additionally, Scutellarein tetramethyl ether accelerates coagulation time via the endogenous coagulation pathway. Studies have shown that Scutellarein tetramethyl ether can effectively inhibit the growth of the liver cancer cell line HepG2 (IC₅₀= 20.08 μg/mL).

HY-N0143A

Phlorizin dihydrate	Inhibitor	99.51%
Phlorizin (Floridzin) dihydrate is an orally active non-selective sodium-glucose cotransporter (SGLT) inhibitor, with an IC₅₀ of 0.04 μM and a K_i of 39 nM against hSGLT2, and an IC₅₀ of 0.17 μM and a K_i of 0.31 μM against hSGLT1. Phlorizin dihydrate promotes GLUT4 translocation, inhibits gluconeogenesis and promotes glycogen synthesis by activating the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway. Phlorizin dihydrate reduces DNA damage and apoptosis (apoptosis) by inhibiting the NF-κB inflammatory pathway. Phlorizin dihydrate induces apoptosis via activating the Caspase pathway by antagonizing the JAK/STAT3 and PCK pathways. Phlorizin dihydrate also exhibits antibacterial, anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective activities.

HY-B1026

Adelmidrol	Inhibitor	98.0%
Adelmidrol exerts important anti-inflammatory effects that are partly dependent on PPARγ. Adelmidrol reduces NF-κB translocation, and COX-2 expression.

HY-P10030

DPLG3	Inhibitor	99.18%
DPLG3 is a specific chymotryptic-like β5i subunits inhibitor, with an IC₅₀ of 4.5 nM. DPLG3 inhibits mouse i-20S with IC₅₀ of 9.4 nM. DPLG3 downregulates the protein levels of NF-κB p50 and p65. DPLG3 can be used for immune disease research.

HY-N0390S3

L-Glutamine-¹³C₅,¹⁵N₂,d₅	Inhibitor	99.91%
L-Glutamine-¹³C₅,¹⁵N₂,d₅ is the deuterium, ¹³C-, and ¹⁵N-labeled L-Glutamine (HY-N0390). L-Glutamine is an orally active nutritional agent and cellular metabolism regulator. L-Glutamine is taken up in a Na⁺-dependent manner and targets multiple key molecules including glutaminase, mTORC1, NF-κB, STAT-3 and HIF-1α. L-Glutamine enhances glutaminolytic catabolism, drives the conversion of glutamate to α-ketoglutarate, thereby regulating gene expression, integrating metabolic signals, mediating glutamine flux and maintaining redox homeostasis. L-Glutamine also promotes cell proliferation, osteogenic differentiation and fracture healing, exerts neuroprotective and cardioprotective effects, and inhibits osteoarthritis. L-Glutamine can be applied to research related to osteoporosis, osteoarthritis, ischemic stroke and acute cantharidin-induced cardiotoxicity.

LAT TCR CD3 BCR PLCγ1 ZAP70 PKC ELKs NEMO ATM NEMO PIASy PIDD RIP1 PARP1 NEMO ATM cIAP1 NEMO ATM c-IAP1/2, c-FLIP, XIAP, Bcl-XL, Bcl-2, gadd45β,
TRAF1/2, A1/Bfl-1, p100, IL-1, IL-6, IL8, IL-1β, TNF-α, A20,
IκBα, COX2, MIP-1β, MIP-2, VCAM-1,GM-CSF, CCL2, etc. IκBα TRAF6 ATM Tyr kinase LYN SYK BLK BLNK PLCγ2 BTK CARMA1 MALT1 BCL-10 IκBα CK2 p50 RELA IL-1 IL-1R MyD88 IRAK1 IRAK4 TRAF6 TNF TNFR1 TRADD RIPK1 TRAF2/5 cIAP1/2 TAB2 or
TAB3 TAK1 NEMO IKKα IKKβ p105 p50 p105 REL p50 p50 p50 REL p50 RELA p50 c-REL p50 p50 IκBα REL p50 REL p50 CREB TRIM25 RNF135 IPS1 TRAF3 TRAF2/6 Virus MKK3 or
MKK6 MKK4 or
MKK7 p38 JNK CREB AP1 AP1 LPS LBP CD14 TLR4 MD2 MD2 MD2 TLR4 MyD88 TIRAP TRAM TRIF IRAK1 IRAK4 TRAF6 RIP1 TRAF3 CD40L, RANKL CD40,
RANK LTα1β2, LIGHT,
BAFF LTβR,
BAFFR TRAF6 IKKε TBK1 IRF7 IRF3 IRF3 IRF7 BLC, ELC, SLC, SDF-1α, BAFF,
ICAM, CXCL12, CXCL13, CCL19, CCL21, etc. TRAF3 TRAF2 cIAP1/2 NIK TBK1 IKKα p100 RELB p52 RELB p52 RELB

Download NF-κB Signaling Pathway Map.

NF-κB transcription factors are critical regulators of immunity, stress responses, apoptosis and differentiation. In mammals, there are five members of the transcription factor NF-κB family: RELA (p65), RELB and c-REL, and the precursor proteins NF-κB1 (p105) and NF-κB2 (p100), which are processed into p50 and p52, respectively. NF-κB transcription factors bind as dimers to κB sites in promoters and enhancers of a variety of genes and induce or repress transcription. NF-κB activation occurs via two major signaling pathways: the canonical and the non-canonical NF-κB signaling pathways^[1].

The canonical NF-κB pathway is triggered by signals from a large variety of immune receptors, such as TNFR, TLR, and IL-1R, which activate TAK1. TAK1 then activates IκB kinase (IKK) complex, composed of catalytic (IKKα and IKKβ) and regulatory (NEMO) subunits, via phosphorylation of IKKβ. Upon stimulation, the IKK complex, largely through IKKβ, phosphorylates members of the inhibitor of κB (IκB) family, such as IκBα and the IκB-like molecule p105, which sequester NF-κB members in the cytoplasm. IκBα associates with dimers of p50 and members of the REL family (RELA or c-REL), whereas p105 associates with p50 or REL (RELA or c-REL). Upon phosphorylation by IKK, IκBα and p105 are degradated in the proteasome, resulting in the nuclear translocation of canonical NF-κB family members, which bind to specific DNA elements, in the form of various dimeric complexes, including RELA-p50, c-REL-p50, and p50-p50. Atypical, IKK-independent pathways of NF-κB induction also provide mechanisms to integrate parallel signaling pathways to increase NF-κB activity, such as hypoxia, UV and genotoxic stress.

The non-canonical NF-κB pathway is induced by certain TNF superfamily members, such as CD40L, BAFF and lymphotoxin-β (LT-β), which stimulates the recruitment of TRAF2, TRAF3, cIAP1/2 to the receptor complex. Activated cIAP mediates K48 ubiquitylation and proteasomal degradation of TRAF3, resulting in stabilization and accumulation of the NFκB-inducing kinase (NIK). NIK phosphorylates and activates IKKα, which in turn phosphorylates p100, triggering p100 processing, and leading to the generation of p52 and the nuclear translocation of p52 and RELB^[2][3].

Reference:

[1]. Oeckinghaus A, et al. The NF-kappaB family of transcription factors and its regulation.Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol. 2009 Oct;1(4):a000034.
[2]. Taniguchi K, et al. NF-κB, inflammation, immunity and cancer: coming of age. Nat Rev Immunol. 2018 May;18(5):309-324.
[3]. Perkins ND,et al. Integrating cell-signalling pathways with NF-kappaB and IKK function. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol. 2007 Jan;8(1):49-62.

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NF-κB

NF-κB

NF-κB Isoform Specific Products:

NF-κB Isoform Specific Products:

NF-κB Related Products (1743)

Antibodies (32)

NF-κB Signaling Pathway

NF-κB Isoform Comparison

NF-κB Related Products (1743):