NF-κB

Nuclear factor-κB; Nuclear factor-kappaB

NF-κB

NF-κB Isoform Specific Products:

NF-κB Isoform Comparison

NF-κB Related Products (1743)
Antibodies (32)
NF-κB Signaling Pathway
NF-κB Isoform Comparison

By Effects:	Inhibitors (1428) Agonists (6) Degraders (3) Controls (7) Ligands (2) Antagonist (1) Activators (131) Modulators (33) Inducers (3)

Cat. No.	Product Name	Effect	Purity	Chemical Structure

HY-N9454

Garcinoic acid	Inhibitor
Garcinoic acid is an orally active anti-inflammatory agent that crosses the blood-brain barrier. Garcinoic acid also enhances efferocytosis and enzyme/receptor regulation, and selectively inhibits human COX-2, porcine α-amylase, Saccharomyces cerevisiae α-glucosidase and human DNA polymerase β (IC₅₀=11 μM), as well as activates human PXR. Garcinoic acid enhances macrophage efferocytosis via receptors such as MerTK and LRP-1, and promotes the production of pro-resolving lipid mediators. Garcinoic acid inhibits NF-κB activation and pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion, interferes with Aβ aggregation, downregulates NLRP3 inflammasome activity, and binds to targets including CD44 and EGFR to inhibit leukemia cell proliferation. The pharmacological activities of Garcinoic acid, such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and lipid metabolism-regulating effects, are widely used in studies related to various diseases including atherosclerosis, Alzheimer's disease, type 2 diabetes, inflammatory bowel disease and viral pneumonia.

HY-N0274R

Caffeic acid phenethyl ester (Standard)	Inhibitor
Caffeic acid phenethyl ester (Standard) is the analytical standard of Caffeic acid phenethyl ester. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Caffeic acid phenethyl ester is a NF-κB inhibitor.

HY-W478741

Pyrraline	Inhibitor	99.61%
Pyrraline is an Nrf2 pathway activator with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. Pyrraline upregulates antioxidant enzymes such as NAD(P)H dehydrogenase (NQO1) and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) via antioxidant response element (ARE) activation, while inhibiting NFκB-mediated inflammation. Pyrraline is promising for research of metabolic disorders (such as diabetic nephropathy) and cancers.

HY-N12087

8-Deoxylactucin	Inhibitor
8-Deoxylactucin is an orally active sesquiterpene lactone. 8-Deoxylactucin inhibits LPS (HY-D1056)-induced NO production in RAW264.7 macrophages with an IC₅₀ value of 4.35 μM. 8-Deoxylactucin exerts anti-inflammatory effects by blocking the NF-κB pathway. 8-Deoxylactucin demonstrates hepatoprotective efficacy in LPS/D-galactosamine-induced acute hepatitis model of mice. 8-Deoxylactucin can be used for the study of inflammatory diseases and inflammatory liver injuries.

HY-N2543R

Damascenone (Standard)	Inhibitor
Damascenone (Standard) is the analytical standard of Damascenone. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Damascenone ((E/Z)-Damascenone) is an active compound of Epipremnum pinnatum with anti-inflammatory activity. Damascenone is a mixture complex of E-isomer-Damascenone and Z-isomer Damascenone.

HY-N0334

(+)-Magnoflorine	Inhibitor
(+)-Magnoflorine (α-Magnoflorine) is an orally active aporphine alkaloid with multiple biological activities. (+)-Magnoflorine promotes Parkin/PINK1 -mediated mitochondrial autophagy, inhibits the activation of NLRP3/Caspase-1 pathway, regulates the intestinal microbiota, and exhibits significant anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory activities. (+)-Magnoflorine inhibits JNK and TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathways, activates Sirt1/AMPK pathway, alleviates neuronal oxidative stress and apoptosis. Magnoflorine upregulates miR-410-3p, inhibits HMGB1/NF-κB pathway, and has anti-tumor activity. (+)-Magnoflorine also has significant antifungal activity.

HY-B0190AR

Nafamostat mesylate (Standard)
Nafamostat (mesylate) (Standard) is the analytical standard of Nafamostat (mesylate). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Nafamostat mesylate (FUT-175), an anticoagulant, is a synthetic serine protease inhibitor. Nafamostat mesylate has anticancer and antivirus effect. Nafamostat mesylate induce apoptosis by up-regulating the expression of tumor necrosis factor receptor-1 (TNFR1). Nafamostat mesylate can be used in the development of the pathological thickening of the arterial wall.

HY-119459R

Fluopyram (Standard)	Activator
Fluopyram (Standard) is the analytical standard of Fluopyram (HY-119459). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Fluopyram is an orally active succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor, antifungal and nematicide. Fluopyram inhibits succinate dehydrogenase activity, activates CAR/PXR nuclear receptors, and increases caspase-3, TNF-α and NF-κB. Fluopyram inhibits the growth of F. virguliforme, Botrytis cinerea and Alternaria solani with EC₅₀ values of 3.35, 5.389 and 0.244 µg/mL, respectively. Fluopyram induces liver and thyroid tumor formation. Fluopyram is nephrotoxic and embryotoxic.

HY-152169

BIHC	Inhibitor	≥98.0%
BIHC is a TNF blocker with anti-inflammatory activity. BIHC can significantly inhibit the proliferation of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells and exhibits potent cytotoxicity against the HepG2 cell line, capable of inducing cell apoptosis , while demonstrating relatively low toxicity towards normal hepatocytes. Additionally, BIHC can be used for research on inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).

HY-W770410

9-PAHSA-¹³C₄	Inhibitor	99.9%
9-PAHSA-¹³C₄ is ¹³C-labeled 9-PAHSA. 9-PAHSAis an orally active endogenous GPR120 agonist (EC₅₀=18 μM). 9-PAHSAsignificantly inhibits LPS-induced inflammatory responses by blocking the NF-κB pathway. 9-PAHSAinduces adipocyte browning, enhances glucose uptake and reduces lipid accumulation, while improving mitochondrial function and the survival rate of steatotic hepatocytes. In terms of neuroprotection, 9-PAHSAregulates the expression of REST and BDNF in the prefrontal cortex of diabetic mice, and effectively prevents spatial working memory deficits and abnormal social behaviors. 9-PAHSAdoes not directly regulate insulin secretion or improve systemic insulin sensitivity, and possesses specific anti-inflammatory, metabolic regulatory and neuroprotective properties. 9-PAHSAcan be used in the research of diabetes-related cognitive impairment, obesity and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.

HY-B1773AS4

Sodium propionate-d₅	Inhibitor	99.91%
Sodium propionate-d₅ is the deuterium labeled Propionate sodium (HY-B1773A). Sodium propionate is an orally active short-chain fatty acid. Sodium propionate can be produced by intestinal bacteria from the metabolism of dietary fiber. Sodium propionate increases PPAR-γ, inhibits NF-κB activation, and reduces COX-2 expression and NO production. Sodium propionate also induces Apoptosis and Autophagy. Sodium propionate reduces HSV-1-induced keratitis. Sodium propionate has anticancer effects against glioblastoma. Sodium propionate exhibits neuroprotective, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory activities. Sodium propionate can be used in the research of spinal cord injury and Alzheimer's disease.

HY-154825

20-Hydroxyvitamin D3	Inhibitor	≥98.0%
20-Hydroxyvitamin D3 (20(OH)D3), a product of vitamin D3 hydroxylation, is a noncalcemic immunomodulator. 20-Hydroxyvitamin D3 binds to vitamin D receptor (VDR), activates VDR and aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) signaling, stimulates CYP24A1 expression, and drives VDR nuclear translocation. 20-Hydroxyvitamin D3 inhibits NF-κB activity via IκBα upregulation. 20-Hydroxyvitamin D3 acts as a substrate for CYP27B1 and rat CYP24A1, undergoing hydroxylation to form dihydroxy-derivatives. 20-Hydroxyvitamin D3 inhibits cell proliferation, colony formation, migration, and tumor growth, and induces cell differentiation in cancer cells. 20-Hydroxyvitamin D3 can be used for the research of inflammatory and autoimmune diseases, melanoma, breast carcinomas, and hepatocarcinoma.

HY-N0344R

Farrerol (Standard)	Inhibitor
Farrerol (Standard) is the analytical standard of Farrerol. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Farrerol is a bioactive constituent of Rhododendron, with broad activities such as anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, neuroprotective and hepatoprotective effects.

HY-B0190B

Nafamostat hydrochloride
Nafamostat hydrochloride, an anticoagulant, is a synthetic serine protease inhibitor. Nafamostat hydrochloride has anticancer and antivirus effect. Nafamostat hydrochloride induces apoptosis by up-regulating the expression of tumor necrosis factor receptor-1 (TNFR1). Nafamostat hydrochloride can be used in the development of the pathological thickening of the arterial wall.

HY-143704S

5-Aminosalicylic acid-¹³C₆ hydrochloride	Inhibitor	99.53%
5-Aminosalicylic acid-13C6 hydrochloride?(Mesalamine-13C6 hydrochloride; 5-ASA-13C6 hydrochloride; Mesalazine-13C6 hydrochloride) is the 13C labeled 5-Aminosalicylic Acidhydrochloride. 5-Aminosalicylic acid-13C6 hydrochloride?acts as a PPARγ agonist, and also inhibits p21-activated kinase 1 (PAK1) and NF-κB.

HY-N19791

6-Methoxymellein	Inhibitor
6-Methoxymellein, a phytoalexin, is a NF-κB inhibitor. 6-Methoxymellein reduces nuclear localization and DNA binding activity of NF-κB p65 and p50 subunits. 6-Methoxymellein decreases mRNA transcription and secretion of IL-6 and IL-8. 6-Methoxymellein reduces the proportion of CD44⁺/CD24⁻ breast cancer cells, decreases expression of c-Myc, Sox-2 and Oct4, inhibits proliferation and migration of breast cancer cells, and reduces mammosphere growth. 6-Methoxymellein inhibits fungal growth of Trichophyton rubrum and Botrytis cinerea, and inhibits Trichophyton rubrum biofilm formation via hyphal disintegration. 6-Methoxymellein can be used for the research of breast cancer, tinea corporis, and carrot post-harvest storage rot.

HY-W265314

Arvelexin	Inhibitor
Arvelexin is a biologically active compound. Arvelexin can be found in Brassica rapa L. (Brassicaceae). Arvelexin inhibits NF-κB activation and the expressions of IL-8. Arvelexin inhibits colonic inflammation.

HY-N8407R

Carminic acid (Standard)	Inhibitor
Carminic acid (Standard) is the analytical standard of Carminic acid (HY-N8407). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Carminic acid is a widely used and orally active natural red pigment that can be used in industries such as food, cosmetics, and pharmaceuticals. In addition, carminic acid has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities.

HY-N8707

Homobutein	Inhibitor	98.35%
Homobutein a natural chalcones (can be found in many medicinal plants, fruits, vegetables, spices and nuts), is a potent HDACs/NF-κB dual inhibitor with IC₅₀s of 190 and 38 μM, respectively. Homobutein also a chelator of iron (II and III) cations, shows various activities, including anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antiparasite and antioxidation.

HY-W010253

Benzylurea	Modulator	99.94%
Benzylurea is an anti-inflammatory agent. Benzylurea inhibits LPS (HY-D1056)-induced upregulation of MTCH2 expression and regulates pathways associated with mitochondrial function, inflammation and cell survival. Benzylurea alleviates LPS-induced proliferation inhibition and apoptosis of periodontal ligament fibroblasts, as well as the release of proinflammatory cytokines. Benzylurea can be used in studies related to periodontitis.

LAT TCR CD3 BCR PLCγ1 ZAP70 PKC ELKs NEMO ATM NEMO PIASy PIDD RIP1 PARP1 NEMO ATM cIAP1 NEMO ATM c-IAP1/2, c-FLIP, XIAP, Bcl-XL, Bcl-2, gadd45β,
TRAF1/2, A1/Bfl-1, p100, IL-1, IL-6, IL8, IL-1β, TNF-α, A20,
IκBα, COX2, MIP-1β, MIP-2, VCAM-1,GM-CSF, CCL2, etc. IκBα TRAF6 ATM Tyr kinase LYN SYK BLK BLNK PLCγ2 BTK CARMA1 MALT1 BCL-10 IκBα CK2 p50 RELA IL-1 IL-1R MyD88 IRAK1 IRAK4 TRAF6 TNF TNFR1 TRADD RIPK1 TRAF2/5 cIAP1/2 TAB2 or
TAB3 TAK1 NEMO IKKα IKKβ p105 p50 p105 REL p50 p50 p50 REL p50 RELA p50 c-REL p50 p50 IκBα REL p50 REL p50 CREB TRIM25 RNF135 IPS1 TRAF3 TRAF2/6 Virus MKK3 or
MKK6 MKK4 or
MKK7 p38 JNK CREB AP1 AP1 LPS LBP CD14 TLR4 MD2 MD2 MD2 TLR4 MyD88 TIRAP TRAM TRIF IRAK1 IRAK4 TRAF6 RIP1 TRAF3 CD40L, RANKL CD40,
RANK LTα1β2, LIGHT,
BAFF LTβR,
BAFFR TRAF6 IKKε TBK1 IRF7 IRF3 IRF3 IRF7 BLC, ELC, SLC, SDF-1α, BAFF,
ICAM, CXCL12, CXCL13, CCL19, CCL21, etc. TRAF3 TRAF2 cIAP1/2 NIK TBK1 IKKα p100 RELB p52 RELB p52 RELB

Download NF-κB Signaling Pathway Map.

NF-κB transcription factors are critical regulators of immunity, stress responses, apoptosis and differentiation. In mammals, there are five members of the transcription factor NF-κB family: RELA (p65), RELB and c-REL, and the precursor proteins NF-κB1 (p105) and NF-κB2 (p100), which are processed into p50 and p52, respectively. NF-κB transcription factors bind as dimers to κB sites in promoters and enhancers of a variety of genes and induce or repress transcription. NF-κB activation occurs via two major signaling pathways: the canonical and the non-canonical NF-κB signaling pathways^[1].

The canonical NF-κB pathway is triggered by signals from a large variety of immune receptors, such as TNFR, TLR, and IL-1R, which activate TAK1. TAK1 then activates IκB kinase (IKK) complex, composed of catalytic (IKKα and IKKβ) and regulatory (NEMO) subunits, via phosphorylation of IKKβ. Upon stimulation, the IKK complex, largely through IKKβ, phosphorylates members of the inhibitor of κB (IκB) family, such as IκBα and the IκB-like molecule p105, which sequester NF-κB members in the cytoplasm. IκBα associates with dimers of p50 and members of the REL family (RELA or c-REL), whereas p105 associates with p50 or REL (RELA or c-REL). Upon phosphorylation by IKK, IκBα and p105 are degradated in the proteasome, resulting in the nuclear translocation of canonical NF-κB family members, which bind to specific DNA elements, in the form of various dimeric complexes, including RELA-p50, c-REL-p50, and p50-p50. Atypical, IKK-independent pathways of NF-κB induction also provide mechanisms to integrate parallel signaling pathways to increase NF-κB activity, such as hypoxia, UV and genotoxic stress.

The non-canonical NF-κB pathway is induced by certain TNF superfamily members, such as CD40L, BAFF and lymphotoxin-β (LT-β), which stimulates the recruitment of TRAF2, TRAF3, cIAP1/2 to the receptor complex. Activated cIAP mediates K48 ubiquitylation and proteasomal degradation of TRAF3, resulting in stabilization and accumulation of the NFκB-inducing kinase (NIK). NIK phosphorylates and activates IKKα, which in turn phosphorylates p100, triggering p100 processing, and leading to the generation of p52 and the nuclear translocation of p52 and RELB^[2][3].

Reference:

[1]. Oeckinghaus A, et al. The NF-kappaB family of transcription factors and its regulation.Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol. 2009 Oct;1(4):a000034.
[2]. Taniguchi K, et al. NF-κB, inflammation, immunity and cancer: coming of age. Nat Rev Immunol. 2018 May;18(5):309-324.
[3]. Perkins ND,et al. Integrating cell-signalling pathways with NF-kappaB and IKK function. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol. 2007 Jan;8(1):49-62.

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NF-κB

NF-κB

NF-κB Isoform Specific Products:

NF-κB Isoform Specific Products:

NF-κB Related Products (1743)

Antibodies (32)

NF-κB Signaling Pathway

NF-κB Isoform Comparison

NF-κB Related Products (1743):