2. Signaling Pathways
  3. Metabolic Enzyme/Protease
  4. Mitochondrial Metabolism

Mitochondrial Metabolism

Mitochondrial Metabolism

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Mitochondria use multiple carbon fuels to produce ATP and metabolites, including pyruvate, which is generated from glycolysis; amino acids such as glutamine; and fatty acids. These carbon fuels feed into the TCA cycle in the mitochondrial matrix to generate the reducing equivalents NADH and FADH2, which deliver their electrons to the electron transport chain. Mitochondria are complex organelles that play an important role in many facets of cellular function, from metabolism to immune regulation and cell death. Mitochondria are actively involved in a wide variety of cellular processes and molecular interactions, such as calcium buffering, lipid flux, and intracellular signaling. It is increasingly recognized that mitochondrial dysfunction is a hallmark of many diseases such as obesity/diabetes, cancer, cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases. Mitochondrial metabolism is a key determinant of tumor progression by impacting on functions such as epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. Mitochondrial metabolism and derived oncometabolites shape the epigenetic landscape to alter aggressiveness features of cancer cells. Changes in mitochondrial metabolism are relevant for the survival of tumors in response to therapy.

Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-122949
    Momordicine I
    		Inhibitor
    Momordicine I is a cucurbitane-type triterpenoids. Momordicine I suppresses glioma growth by promoting apoptosis and impairing mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation. Momordicine I inhibits glycolysis, lipid metabolism, induces autophagy in HNC cells to suppress head and neck cancer growth. Momordicine I alleviates isoproterenol-induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy through suppression of PLA2G6 and DGK-ζ. Momordicine I exerts its cardiovascular benefits by upregulating nitric oxide, inhibiting the activity of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), activating the PI3K/Akt pathway, reducing oxidative stress and inflammation. Momordicine I inhibits AKT1, IL-6, and SRC, suggesting its potential application in type 2 diabetes.
    Momordicine I
  • HY-100410R
    FCCP (Standard)
    FCCP (Standard) is the analytical standard of FCCP. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. FCCP is an uncoupler of oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) in mitochondria. FCCP induces activation of PINK1 leading to Parkin Ser65 phosphorylation.
    FCCP (Standard)
  • HY-15206S
    Glyburide-d11
    		99.39%
    Glyburide-d11 is the deuterium labeled Glibenclamide. Glibenclamide (Glyburide) is an orally active ATP-sensitive K+ channel (KATP) inhibitor and can be used for the research of diabetes and obesity. Glibenclamide inhibits P-glycoprotein. Glibenclamide directly binds and blocks the SUR1 subunits of KATP and inhibits the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator protein (CFTR). Glibenclamide interferes with mitochondrial bioenergetics by inducing changes on membrane ion permeability. Glibenclamide can induce autophagy.
    Glyburide-d<sub>11</sub>
  • HY-144906
    THP104c
    		Inhibitor 98.99%
    THP104c is a mitochondrial fission inhibitor.
    THP104c
  • HY-119979
    Cardanol monoene
    		99.51%
    Cardanol monoene (Cardanol C15:1) is a phenolic compound which can be found in cashew nut shell liquid. Cardanol monoene can inhibit cancer cells proliferation, migration, cause S phase arrest, induce apoptosis, ROS production and mitochondrial depolarization. Cardanol monoene downregulates MMP-2, MMP-9, cyclinA1 expression, regulates CDK2, p53, Bax, cytochrome c, cleaved caspase-3, cleaved PARP, Apaf-1 expression and Bax/Bcl-2 ratio. Cardanol monoene shows weak DPPH radical scavenging activity and AChE inhibition activity. Cardanol monoene is lethal to Artemia salina nauplii. Cardanol monoene. Cardanol monoene can be used for the research of cancer, infection and inflamation.
    Cardanol monoene
  • HY-E70121
    Succinyl-CoA synthetase
    Succinyl-CoA synthetase is a mitochondrial matrix enzyme and catalyst. Succinyl-CoA synthetase supports TCA, ketone and heme metabolism and is activated by mitochondrial phosphate. Succinyl-CoA synthetase distributes broadly across mammalian tissues with distinct substrate-related biochemical features. Succinyl-CoA synthetase gains structural stability after phosphorylation and relies on SUCLG1-encoded subunit for activity. Succinyl-CoA synthetase malfunction links to metabolic and neurological disorders. Succinyl-CoA synthetase serves as a research tool for mitochondrial hepatoencephalomyopathy.
    Succinyl-CoA synthetase
  • HY-U00159
    McN3716
    		Inhibitor 99.66%
    McN3716 is a carnitine palmitoyltransferase I (CPT-1) inhibitor.
    McN3716
  • HY-129605
    Ferulenol
    		Inhibitor 99.0%
    Ferulenol, a sesquiterpene prenylated coumarin derivative, specifically inhibits succinate ubiquinone reductase at the level of the ubiquinonecycle. Ferulenol shows good antimycobacterial activity and haemorrhagic action.
    Ferulenol
  • HY-172959
    mPTP-IN-1
    		99.33%
    mPTP-IN-1 (Compound 14e) is a mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) inhibitor. mPTP-IN-1 blocks calcium-induced mPTP opening by targeting the C subunit of ATP synthase. mPTP-IN-1 can be used to study myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury (IRI).
    mPTP-IN-1
  • HY-178154
    FB231
    		Inducer
    FB231 is a Parkin activator. FB231 can induce mild mitochondrial stress, resulting in impaired mitochondrial function and activation of the integrated stress response. FB231 can lower the threshold for mitochondrial toxins to induce PINK1/Parkin-mediated mitophagy. FB231 can cause activation of the integrated stress response (ISR) and perturbation to iron-dependent pathways. FB231 can be used for the research of neurological disease, such as Parkinson’s disease.
    FB231
  • HY-16386A
    PENAO TFA
    PENAO TFA is the trifluoroacetic acid of PENAO (HY-16386). PENAO is a potent tumour cell mitochondrial toxin. PENAO inactivates tumor cell mitochondria by targeting inner-membrane adenine nucleotide transferase.
    PENAO TFA
  • HY-147108
    Mitochondria degrader-1
    		Inducer
    Mitochondria degrader-1 (example 5) is a potent mitochondria degrader. Mitochondria degrader-1 induces the degradation of the injured mitochondria by the autophagy mechanism. Mitochondria degrader-1 can be used for the research of neurodegenerative disease, cancer, inflammatory disease, age-related disease, metabolic disease, mitochondrial disease or Down's disease.
    Mitochondria degrader-1
  • HY-135868
    Mito-apocynin (C2)
    		Inhibitor 98.38%
    Mito-apocynin (C2), an orally active mitochondria-targeted triphenylphosphonium (TPP)-based compound, is synthesized by conjugating the Apocynin moiety with a TPP + cation. Mito-apocynin (C2) exhibits antineuroinflammatory effect.
    Mito-apocynin (C2)
  • HY-W014684R
    Lilial (Standard)
    Lilial (Standard) is the analytical standard of Lilial. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Lilial is a widely used synthetic fragrance and ester in consumer products. Lilial possesses estrogenic activity in vitro. Lilial can induce a toxic effect on mitochondria that causes a decrease in the viability of HaCaT cells. Lilial can increase NRF2 protein level in vitro. Lilial is able to target respiratory chain complexes, inhibit complexes I and II of the electron transport chain, increase the generation of reactive oxygen species, and decrease the level of intracellular ATP. Lilial can induce systemic toxicity in vivo. Lilial induces significant DNA strand breaks.
    Lilial (Standard)
  • HY-W032022S
    1-Hexanol-d13
    		Inhibitor 99.47%
    1-Hexanol-d13 is the deuterium labeled 1-Hexanol. 1-Hexanol, a primary alcohol, is a surfactant that can be employed in industrial processes to enhance interfacial properties. 1-Hexanol uncouples mitochondrial respiration by a non-protonophoric mechanism.
    1-Hexanol-d<sub>13</sub>
  • HY-N16129
    Diplacone
    		98.38%
    Diplacone is an orally active geranyl flavanone. It is isolated from the fruits of Paulownia tomentosa. Diplacone reduces COX-2 levels and increases the pro-MMP2/MMP2 ratio. It induces ferroptosis-mediated cell death. Diplacone enhances mitochondrial Ca2+ influx and ROS production. It possesses anti-inflammatory and free radical-scavenging activities. Diplacone can be used in research related to ulcerative colitis and non-small cell lung cancer.
    Diplacone
  • HY-W032022S1
    1-Hexanol-d11
    		Inhibitor 99.33%
    1-Hexanol-d11 is the deuterium labeled 1-Hexanol. 1-Hexanol, a primary alcohol, is a surfactant that can be employed in industrial processes to enhance interfacial properties. 1-Hexanol uncouples mitochondrial respiration by a non-protonophoric mechanism.
    1-Hexanol-d<sub>11</sub>
  • HY-B1836R
    Meldonium (Standard)
    		Activator
    Meldonium (Standard) is the analytical standard of Meldonium. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Meldonium (MET-88) functions as a cardioprotective agent by cpmpetetively inhibiting γ-butyrobetaine hydroxylase (BBOX) and carnitine/organic cation transporter type 2 (OCTN2). Mildronate (Meldonium) exhibits IC50 values of 34-62 μM for human recombinant BBOX and an EC50 of 21 μM for human OCTN2. Meldonium is a fatty acid oxidation inhibitor.
    Meldonium (Standard)
  • HY-W040305
    2,6-Dichloro-4-nitroaniline
    		Inhibitor ≥99.0%
    2,6-Dichloro-4-nitroaniline is an orally active Herbicide, Fungicide and uncoupler. 2,6-Dichloro-4-nitroaniline uncouples oxidative phosphorylation and inhibits electron transport. 2,6-Dichloro-4-nitroaniline induces biphenyl hydroxylase activity in rat liver. 2,6-Dichloro-4-nitroaniline increases the relative liver weight of rats via hepatomegaly without altering their body weight.
    2,6-Dichloro-4-nitroaniline
  • HY-W973644
    LY-266500
    		Inhibitor 99.72%
    LY-266500 is a succinyl CoA synthetase (SCS) specific inhibitor. LY-266500 has inhibitory effects on various parasites, such as Trypanosoma brucei brucei (IC50 =0.6 μM) and Leishmania donovani (IC50 =2.86 μM). LY-266500 can be used for research on parasitic infections.
    LY-266500
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity