2. Autophagy Neuronal Signaling Metabolic Enzyme/Protease
  3. PINK1/Parkin Mitochondrial Metabolism
  4. FB231

FB231 is a Parkin activator. FB231 can induce mild mitochondrial stress, resulting in impaired mitochondrial function and activation of the integrated stress response. FB231 can lower the threshold for mitochondrial toxins to induce PINK1/Parkin-mediated mitophagy. FB231 can cause activation of the integrated stress response (ISR) and perturbation to iron-dependent pathways. FB231 can be used for the research of neurological disease, such as Parkinson’s disease.

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FB231

FB231 Chemical Structure

CAS No. : 2166045-37-8

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FB231 Related Antibodies

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Description

FB231 is a Parkin activator. FB231 can induce mild mitochondrial stress, resulting in impaired mitochondrial function and activation of the integrated stress response. FB231 can lower the threshold for mitochondrial toxins to induce PINK1/Parkin-mediated mitophagy. FB231 can cause activation of the integrated stress response (ISR) and perturbation to iron-dependent pathways. FB231 can be used for the research of neurological disease, such as Parkinson’s disease[1].

In Vitro

FB231 activates Parkin and enhances Parkin-mediated mitophagy induced by low-dose Oligomycin (HY-N6782)/Antimycin (O/A) (EC50 = 0.67 μM)[1].
FB231 (0.3125-20 μM, 6-24 h) reduces the threshold of O/A-induced mitophagy in YFP-Parkin/mt-Keima-expressing HeLa cells and SH-SY5Y cells with endogenous Parkin[1].
FB231 effectively chelates Fe2+ with an EC50 of 23.2 μM[1].
FB231 (6 h) increases mitochondrial oxygen consumption rate (OCR) and reduces cell sensitivity to the complex V inhibitor Oligomycin in WT HeLa cells[1].
FB231 (3.125-20μM, 24 h) reduces cell viability in HeLa and SH-SY5Y cells[1].
FB231 (10 μM, 16 h) induces the expression of ISR markers ATF3, ATF4, and IFRD1 in WT HeLa, YFP-Parkin HeLa, and PINK1-knockout HeLa cells [1].
FB231 (40 μM) stabilizes the HECT domain E3 ligase HERC4 and destabilizes the iron-responsive protein IREB2[1].

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

FB231 Related Antibodies

Western Blot Analysis[1]

Cell Line: WT HeLa (no endogenous Parkin)
Concentration: 10 μM
Incubation Time: 16 h
Result: Increased ATF3, ATF4, and IFRD1 levels Promoted the accumulation of the full-length form of mitochondrial protein DELE1.
Activated the DELE1-HRI-EIF2α pathway.
Molecular Weight

411.46

Formula

C24H21N5O2
CAS No.
Appearance

Solid

SMILES

CC1=C(C=CC=C1)C(NC2=NN(C(NC(C3=C(C=CC=C3)C)=O)=N2)C4=CC=CC=C4)=O
Shipping

Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.
Storage
Powder -20°C 3 years
4°C 2 years
In solvent -80°C 6 months
-20°C 1 month
Solvent & Solubility
In Vitro: 

DMSO : 100 mg/mL (243.04 mM; Need ultrasonic; Hygroscopic DMSO has a significant impact on the solubility of product, please use newly opened DMSO)

Preparing
Stock Solutions
Concentration Solvent Mass 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg
1 mM 2.4304 mL 12.1518 mL 24.3037 mL
5 mM 0.4861 mL 2.4304 mL 4.8607 mL
View the Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

* Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.

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  • Dilution Calculator

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Concentration (start) × Volume (start) = Concentration (final) × Volume (final)

This equation is commonly abbreviated as: C1V1 = C2V2

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In Vivo:

Select the appropriate dissolution method based on your experimental animal and administration route.

For the following dissolution methods, please ensure to first prepare a clear stock solution using an In Vitro approach and then sequentially add co-solvents:
To ensure reliable experimental results, the clarified stock solution can be appropriately stored based on storage conditions. As for the working solution for in vivo experiments, it is recommended to prepare freshly and use it on the same day.
The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.

  • Protocol 1

    Add each solvent one by one:  10% DMSO    40% PEG300    5% Tween-80    45% Saline

    Solubility: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (6.08 mM); Clear solution

    This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (saturation unknown).

    Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (25.0 mg/mL) to 400 μL PEG300, and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 and mix evenly; then add 450 μL Saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL.

    Preparation of Saline: Dissolve 0.9 g sodium chloride in ddH₂O and dilute to 100 mL to obtain a clear Saline solution.
  • Protocol 2

    Add each solvent one by one:  10% DMSO    90% Corn Oil

    Solubility: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (6.08 mM); Clear solution

    This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (saturation unknown). If the continuous dosing period exceeds half a month, please choose this protocol carefully.

    Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (25.0 mg/mL) to 900 μL Corn oil, and mix evenly.

In Vivo Dissolution Calculator
Please enter the basic information of animal experiments:

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Recommended: Prepare an additional quantity of animals to account for potential losses during experiments.
Please enter your animal formula composition:
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Recommended: Keep the proportion of DMSO in working solution below 2% if your animal is weak.
The co-solvents required include: DMSO, . All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE). , Tween 80. All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE).
Calculation results:
Working solution concentration: mg/mL
Method for preparing stock solution: mg drug dissolved in μL  DMSO (Stock solution concentration: mg/mL).
The concentration of the stock solution you require exceeds the measured solubility. The following solution is for reference only. If necessary, please contact MedChemExpress (MCE).
Method for preparing in vivo working solution for animal experiments: Take μL DMSO stock solution, add μL . μL , mix evenly, next add μL Tween 80, mix evenly, then add μL Saline.
 If the continuous dosing period exceeds half a month, please choose this protocol carefully.
Please ensure that the stock solution in the first step is dissolved to a clear state, and add co-solvents in sequence. You can use ultrasonic heating (ultrasonic cleaner, recommended frequency 20-40 kHz), vortexing, etc. to assist dissolution.
Purity & Documentation
References

Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

* Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.

Optional Solvent Concentration Solvent Mass 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg 25 mg
DMSO 1 mM 2.4304 mL 12.1518 mL 24.3037 mL 60.7592 mL
5 mM 0.4861 mL 2.4304 mL 4.8607 mL 12.1518 mL
10 mM 0.2430 mL 1.2152 mL 2.4304 mL 6.0759 mL
15 mM 0.1620 mL 0.8101 mL 1.6202 mL 4.0506 mL
20 mM 0.1215 mL 0.6076 mL 1.2152 mL 3.0380 mL
25 mM 0.0972 mL 0.4861 mL 0.9721 mL 2.4304 mL
30 mM 0.0810 mL 0.4051 mL 0.8101 mL 2.0253 mL
40 mM 0.0608 mL 0.3038 mL 0.6076 mL 1.5190 mL
50 mM 0.0486 mL 0.2430 mL 0.4861 mL 1.2152 mL
60 mM 0.0405 mL 0.2025 mL 0.4051 mL 1.0127 mL
80 mM 0.0304 mL 0.1519 mL 0.3038 mL 0.7595 mL
100 mM 0.0243 mL 0.1215 mL 0.2430 mL 0.6076 mL
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FB231 Related Classifications

Help & FAQs
  • Do most proteins show cross-species activity?

    Species cross-reactivity must be investigated individually for each product. Many human cytokines will produce a nice response in mouse cell lines, and many mouse proteins will show activity on human cells. Other proteins may have a lower specific activity when used in the opposite species.

Keywords:

FB2312166045-37-8FB 231FB-231PINK1/ParkinMitochondrial MetabolismPTEN-induced kinase 1/ParkinParkinMitochondrial stressMitochondrial toxinsMitophagyISRParkinson’s diseaseOligomycinAntimycinHeLaSH-SY5YATF3ATF4IFRD1Inhibitorinhibitorinhibit

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