2. Signaling Pathways
  3. Immunology/Inflammation
    Metabolic Enzyme/Protease
    NF-κB
  4. Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)

Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)

Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)

Related Products

PDF 4.04 MB

Reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as superoxide anion (O2-), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and hydroxyl radical (HO•), consist of radical and non-radical oxygen species formed by the partial reduction of oxygen. Cellular ROS are generated endogenously during mitochondrial oxidative metabolism as well as in cellular response to xenobiotics, cytokines, and bacterial invasion.

ROS also activates MAPK pathways by the direct inhibition of MAPK phosphatases. Through PTEN, the PI3K pathway is subject to reversible redox regulation by ROS generated by growth factor stimulation. The activation of autophagy may be a cellular defense mechanism in response to ROS.

Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-W728085
    CPPD-Q
    		Inducer 98.25%
    CPPD-Q is an antimicrobial agent and insecticide. CPPD-Q has an EC50 of 6.98 mg/L against Vibrio fischeri. At doses of 1 or 10 µg/mL, CPPD-Q exerts its insecticidal effect by inducing the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the intestines of Caenorhabditis elegans.
    CPPD-Q
  • HY-B2035
    Pretilachlor
    		Inducer 99.25%
    Pretilachlor is a chloroacetamide herbicide with biological activities including endocrine disruption, oxidative stress induction, apoptosis induction, and immunotoxicity. Pretilachlor exerts its effects by interfering with hormone metabolism, inducing oxidative stress, activating apoptotic pathways, and inhibiting immune functions. Pretilachlor upregulates the transcription of P53, Mdm2, and Bbc3, and increases the activities of Caspase3 and Caspase9; it upregulates the transcription of genes in the HPG/HPT axis and the activity of aromatase; it induces oxidative stress, elevates ROS levels, and upregulates CAT, SOD, and GPX. Pretilachlor downregulates the transcription of CXCL-C1C, IL-1β, and IL-8. Pretilachlor disrupts the normal physiological processes and embryonic development of fish, exhibiting significant toxicity. Pretilachlor can be used in studies related to weeding, environmental pollution, and behavioral toxicity in fish.
    Pretilachlor
  • HY-15337R
    Hesperidin (Standard)
    Hesperidin (Standard) is the analytical standard of Hesperidin. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Hesperidin (Hesperetin 7-rutinoside), a flavanone glycoside, is isolated from citrus fruits. Hesperidin has numerous biological properties, such as decreasing inflammatory mediators and exerting significant antioxidant effects. Hesperidin also exhibits antitumor and antiallergic activities.
    Hesperidin (Standard)
  • HY-B0860S
    Diuron-d6
    		Activator 99.50%
    Diuron-d6 is the deuterium labeled Diuron (HY-B0860). Diuron is an orally active phenylurea herbicide. Diuron inhibits photosynthesis in plants by blocking the formation of ATP and NADH. Diuron increases the production of ROS. Diuron increases expression of p53 in certain cell lines. Diuron has herbicidal activity against annual and perennial broadleaf weeds and grass weeds. Diuron promotes DMBA/BBN-induced bladder cancer. Diuron can be used in breast cancer research.
    Diuron-d<sub>6</sub>
  • HY-B0455A
    Lomefloxacin
    		Inducer 99.99%
    Lomefloxacin (SC47111A) is an orally active difluoroquinolone antibiotic. Lomefloxacin prevents DNA supercoiling and replication by inhibiting bacterial topoisomerase II. Lomefloxacin induces ROS production and Apoptosis. Lomefloxacin has broad-spectrum bactericidal activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Lomefloxacin has anticancer effects against melanoma. Lomefloxacin can be used in the study of systemic bacterial infections (such as Salmonella typhimurium infections), skin and melanoma .
    Lomefloxacin
  • HY-133966
    6α-Hydroxy-5α-cholestane
    		Activator
    6α-Hydroxy-5α-cholestane (5α-Cholestane-3β,6α-diol) is an oxysterol that promotes the production of superoxide anions in SK-N-BE cells at concentrations of 50 μM and 100 μM.
    6α-Hydroxy-5α-cholestane
  • HY-N12545
    Magnoloside F
    		Inhibitor 98.73%
    Magnoloside F is a natural compound that can be isolated from the Magnolia officinalis, and has antioxidant activity.
    Magnoloside F
  • HY-125677
    SHetA2
    		Activator 99.70%
    SHetA2 is a derivative of heteroarotinoid, that exhibits cytotoxicity in cancer cells with IC50 of 0.37–4.6 μM. SHetA2 regulates cancer cells differentiation, induces apoptosis through the intrinsic mitochondrial pathway, and arrest cell cycle at G2 phase. SHetA2 exhibits good pharmacokinetic characteristics and antitumor efficacy in mice. SHetA2 is orally active.
    SHetA2
  • HY-N0733R
    Glucosamine hydrochloride (Standard)
    Glucosamine (hydrochloride) (Standard) is the analytical standard of Glucosamine (hydrochloride). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Glucosamine hydrochloride (D-Glucosamine hydrochloride) is an amino sugar and a prominent precursor in the biochemical synthesis of glycosylated proteins and lipids, is used as a dietary supplement. Glucosamine hydrochloride also is a natural constituent of glycosaminoglycans in the cartilage matrix and synovial fluid, which when administered exogenously, exerts pharmacological effects on osteoarthritic cartilage and chondrocytes.
    Glucosamine hydrochloride (Standard)
  • HY-111226A
    (E/Z)-GSK5182
    		Activator 98.90%
    (E/Z)-GSK5182 is a racemic compound of (E)-GSK5182 and (Z)-GSK5182 isomers. GSK5182 is a highly selective and orally active inverse agonist of estrogen-related receptor γ (ERRγ) with an IC50 of 79 nM. GSK5182 also induces reactive oxyen species (ROS) generation in hepatocellular carcinoma.
    (E/Z)-GSK5182
  • HY-15930C
    TMB monosulfate
    		99.88%
    TMB monosulfate is the monosulfate form of TMB (HY-15930). TMB monosulfate is a non-toxic, non-mutagenic, colorless dye that is also used as a chromogenic agent in enzyme detection systems based on horseradish peroxidase (HRP). TMB monosulfate can function as a photoacoustic probe for reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS/RNS), reacting with hypochlorite, hydrogen peroxide, singlet oxygen, and nitrogen dioxide to produce blue oxidation products. TMB monosulfate can detect the singlet oxygen produced by the outer membrane of Escherichia coli ATCC 25922.
    TMB monosulfate
  • HY-W015913S3
    Pyruvic acid-13C-1 sodium
    		98.90%
    Sodium 2-oxopropanoate-13C is the 13C labeled Sodium 2-oxopropanoate. Sodium 2-oxopropanoate (Sodium pyruvate), a three-carbon metabolite of Glucose, is a compound produced in the glycolytic pathway. Sodium 2-oxopropanoate is a free radical scavenger that can scavenge ROS.
    Pyruvic acid-<sup>13</sup>C-1 sodium
  • HY-B0464S1
    Hydralazine-d5 (hydrochloride)
    		Inhibitor 99.9%
    Hydralazine-d5 (hydrochloride) is deuterium-labeled Hydralazine (hydrochloride) (HY-B0464). Hydralazine hydrochloride is an orally active, blood-brain barrier-permeable DNA methyltransferase inhibitor with vasodilatory, arterial smooth muscle relaxant and hypotensive activities. Hydralazine hydrochloride reactivates silenced tumor suppressor genes via mediating DNA demethylation, while exerting neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory properties. Hydralazine hydrochloride inhibits NOS-2 (iNOS) and COX-2, and reduces the production of NO and PGEE2; meanwhile, Hydralazine hydrochloride scavenges reactive oxygen species and inhibits macrophage activation. Hydralazine hydrochloride alleviates motor dysfunction, neuropathic inflammatory pain, and formalin-induced somatic and emotional pain responses. In addition, Hydralazine hydrochloride directly induces DNA strand breaks and sister chromatid exchange, exhibiting certain mutagenic characteristics. Hydralazine hydrochloride has been widely used in studies on hypertension, various cancers (such as cervical cancer, leukemia), spinal cord injury and the mechanisms of inflammatory pain.
    Hydralazine-d<sub>5</sub> (hydrochloride)
  • HY-P3491
    Pegloxenatide
    		Inhibitor
    Pegloxenatide (Polyethylene glycol loxenatide) is a long-acting glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1RA) agonist. Pegloxenatide has various activities such as lowering blood glucose, lowering blood lipids, improving body weight, anti-inflammation, promoting wound healing, protecting the liver, and protecting the heart. Pegloxenatide can be used in the research of type 2 diabetes and its multiple complications.
    Pegloxenatide
  • HY-N0111S2
    Coenzyme Q10-d9
    		98.52%
    Coenzyme Q10-d9 is the deuterium labeled Coenzyme Q10. Coenzyme Q10 is an essential cofactor of the electron transport chain and a potent antioxidant agent.
    Coenzyme Q10-d<sub>9</sub>
  • HY-119358R
    Traumatic Acid (Standard)
    		Activator
    Traumatic Acid (Standard) is the analytical standard of Traumatic Acid. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Traumatic Acid is a wound healing agent and a cytokinin (phytohormone). Traumatic Acid enhances the biosynthesis of collagen in cultured human skin fibroblasts. Traumatic Acid inhibits MCF-7 breast cancer cells viability and enhances apoptosis and oxidative stress. Traumatic Acid can be used in studies of cancer, circulatory disorders (including arterial hypertension), and skin diseases associated with oxidative stress and impaired collagen biosynthesis[1][2].
    Traumatic Acid (Standard)
  • HY-119979
    Cardanol monoene
    		Inducer 99.51%
    Cardanol monoene (Cardanol C15:1) is a phenolic compound which can be found in cashew nut shell liquid. Cardanol monoene can inhibit cancer cells proliferation, migration, cause S phase arrest, induce apoptosis, ROS production and mitochondrial depolarization. Cardanol monoene downregulates MMP-2, MMP-9, cyclinA1 expression, regulates CDK2, p53, Bax, cytochrome c, cleaved caspase-3, cleaved PARP, Apaf-1 expression and Bax/Bcl-2 ratio. Cardanol monoene shows weak DPPH radical scavenging activity and AChE inhibition activity. Cardanol monoene is lethal to Artemia salina nauplii. Cardanol monoene. Cardanol monoene can be used for the research of cancer, infection and inflamation.
    Cardanol monoene
  • HY-N7912
    Pterosin A
    		Inhibitor
    Pterosin A ((2S)-Pterosin A) is a sesquiterpene compound. Pterosin A is an orally active AMPK activator with anti-diabetic effect. Pterosin A can promote glucose uptake, increase serum insulin, and improve hyperglycemia and glucose intolerance. Pterosin A can prevent insulin-secreting cells death and reduce ROS production. Pterosin A can be used for the research of metabolic disease, such as diabetes.
    Pterosin A
  • HY-B2130S
    Uric acid-13C,15N3
    		99.20%
    Uric acid-13C,15N3 is the 13C-labeled and 15N-labeled Uric acid. Uric acid, scavenger of oxygen radical, is a very important antioxidant that help maintains the stability of blood pressure and antioxidant stress. Uric acid can remove reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as singlet oxygen and peroxynitrite, inhibiting lipid peroxidation.
    Uric acid-<sup>13</sup>C,<sup>15</sup>N<sub>3</sub>
  • HY-N6865
    Groenlandicine
    		Inhibitor 99.72%
    Groenlandicine, a protoberberine alkaloid, is a cholinesterase inhibitor (AChE (IC50 = 0.54 μM), BChE (IC50 = 3.32 μM)). Groenlandicine non-competitively inhibits BACE1 (IC50 = 19.68 μM, Ki = 21.2) and inhibits RLAR (IC50 = 140.1 μM), HRAR (IC50 = 154.2 μM), and total ROS generation (IC50 = 51.78 μM) in vitro. Groenlandicine suppresses osteosarcoma cell proliferation while promoting apoptosis. Groenlandicine inhibits the tumor growth when combined with Cisplatin (HY-17394). Groenlandicine can be used for the study on osteosarcoma, Alzheimer's disease and diabetes mellitus .
    Groenlandicine
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity