2. Signaling Pathways
  3. Immunology/Inflammation
    Metabolic Enzyme/Protease
    NF-κB
  4. Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)

Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)

Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)

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Reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as superoxide anion (O2-), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and hydroxyl radical (HO•), consist of radical and non-radical oxygen species formed by the partial reduction of oxygen. Cellular ROS are generated endogenously during mitochondrial oxidative metabolism as well as in cellular response to xenobiotics, cytokines, and bacterial invasion.

ROS also activates MAPK pathways by the direct inhibition of MAPK phosphatases. Through PTEN, the PI3K pathway is subject to reversible redox regulation by ROS generated by growth factor stimulation. The activation of autophagy may be a cellular defense mechanism in response to ROS.

Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-100642S
    3-O-Methyltolcapone-d7
    		Inducer 99.0%
    3-O-Methyltolcapone-d7 (Ro 40-7591 d7) is a deuterium labeled 3-O-Methyltolcapone (HY-174062). 3-O-Methyltolcapone (Ro 40-7591) is a metabolite of Tolcapone (HY-17406). Tolcapone (Ro 40-7592) is a selective, potent and orally active COMT inhibitor with an IC50of 773 nM. Tolcapone can inhibits α-syn and Aβ42 oligomerization and fibrillogenesis. Tolcapone can cause oxidative stress and induce cancer cells apoptosis and ROS production. Tolcapone can be used for the researches of cancer and neurological disease, such as Parkinson disease and neuroblastoma.
    3-O-Methyltolcapone-d<sub>7</sub>
  • HY-17655
    TBE56
    		Inhibitor
    TBE56, a molecular glue, is a BACH1 degrader, with an EC50 of 44 nM. TBE56 is a weak NRF2 inducer and the biotinylated TBE31. TBE56 interacts and promotes the degradation of BACH1 via a mechanism involving the E3 ligase FBX022. TBE56 reduces intracellular Fe2+ accumulation, ROS generation, and malondialdehyde (MDA) content, while increasing GSH/GSSG ratio and upregulating GPX4 in Prominin-2-overexpressed BMSCs. TBE56 significantly ameliorates intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD) in puncture-induced SD rat IVDD model. TBE56 can be used for the study of intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD).
    TBE56
  • HY-N9097
    Niazirin
    		Inhibitor 99.9%
    Niazirin is an orally active antioxidant. Niazirin can be isolated from Moringa oleifera Lam. Niazirin reduces the production levels of ROS and MDA, while increasing the levels of superoxide dismutase SOD and glutathione peroxidase GPx. Niazirin also abolishes high glucose-induced PKCζ activation and inhibits Nox4 protein expression. Niazirin exhibits excellent free radical scavenging activity. Niazirin significantly inhibits high glucose-induced proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells. Niazirin can be used in the research of diabetic atherosclerosis.
    Niazirin
  • HY-183353
    Nrf2 activator-25
    		Inhibitor
    Nrf2 activator-25 is a Nrf2 activator. Nrf2 activator-25 promotes the dissociation of Nrf2 from Keap1 (with a Kd of 21.3 μM for Keap1), drives Nrf2 nuclear translocation, and increases the production of downstream antioxidant enzymes. Nrf2 activator-25 inhibits apoptosis, ferroptosis and vascular fibrosis, and protects vascular endothelial cells from damage. Nrf2 activator-25 can be used in the research of diabetic vascular diseases.
    Nrf2 activator-25
  • HY-172604
    Neuroprotective agent 10
    		Inhibitor
    Neuroprotective agent 10 (Compound 11c) is a brain-penetrant neuroprotective agent. Neuroprotective agent 10 scavenges ABTS radicals (scavenging IC50: 9.20 μM), DPPH radicals (scavenging IC50: 7.09 μM) and superoxide anion radicals (inhibition percentage: 48.4%). Neuroprotective agent 10 also alleviates H2O2-induced oxidative damage and LPS-induced neuroinflammation with antiepileptic activity. Neuroprotective agent 10 is promising for research of epilepsy and neuroprotection.
    Neuroprotective agent 10
  • HY-178163
    Zharp1-163
    		Inhibitor
    Zharp1-163 is a dual inhibitor of ferroptosis and necroptosis. Zharp1-163 effectively blocks ferroptosis by reducing reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and inhibits necroptosis by potently and selectively targeting RIPK1 kinase activity (KD = 240 nM; IC50 = 406.1 nM). Zharp1-163 inhibits the cellular activation of RIPK1, RIPK3 and MLKL in response to necroptotic stimulation. Zharp1-163 markedly attenuates TNF-α (HY-P1875)-induced systemic inflammatory syndrome, including the prevention of TNF-α-induced mortality and hypothermia in mice. Zharp1-163 significantly alleviates acute kidney injury associated with both necroptosis and ferroptosis in models induced by Cisplatin (HY-17394) and ischemia-reperfusion. Zharp1-163 can be used for the study of diseases associated with cell death pathways, such as kidney disease.
    Zharp1-163
  • HY-178032
    PARP1-IN-44
    		Activator
    PARP1-IN-44, an Olaparib (HY-10162) derivative, is an orally active PARP1 inhibitor (IC50 = 0.6 nM), and also inhibits PARP2 (IC50 = 1.0 nM) and PARP7 (IC50 = 7.5 nM). PARP1-IN-44 has selective antiproliferative activity against BRCA-deficient cancer cells with minimal toxicity to normal cells. PARP1-IN-44 induces G2/M phase arrest, promotes apoptosis, elevates ROS levels, disrupts mitochondrial membrane potential. PARP1-IN-44 suppresses PARylation while increasing γH2AX accumulation. PARP1-IN-44 activates the cGAS-STING pathway, upregulating IFN-β and CXCL10 expression. PARP1-IN-44 enhancing CD8+ T cell infiltration in a CT26 tumor mouse model, demonstrating robust in vivo antitumor efficacy.
    PARP1-IN-44
  • HY-181087
    Anticancer agent 296
    		Activator
    Anticancer agent 296 is a potent anticancer agent that activates the PERK-eIF2α-CHOP signaling pathway to induce endoplasmic reticulum stress, thereby regulating caspase and Bcl-2 family proteins, ultimately leading to apoptosis. Anticancer agent 296 increases intracellular levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), reduces mitochondrial membrane potential, and promotes Ca2+ release. Anticancer agent 296 suppresses cell colony formation and S-phase cell proliferation, and induces autophagy. Anticancer agent 296 is applicable for research on non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).
    Anticancer agent 296
  • HY-168877
    FMP
    		Activator
    FMP is a Platinum(IV) complexe. FMP significantly upregulates the expression of γ-H2AX and p53. FMP increases the production of ROS. FMP markedly upregulates the expressions of Apoptosis-related proteins (DR5, Fas, caspase-8, Cyt-c, caspase-3, cleaved-PARP1, Bax). FMP shows antiproliferative activity against breast cancer.
    FMP
  • HY-180821
    FBIN-11
    		Activator
    FBIN-11 (Compound 9k) is an anticancer agent. FBIN-11 induces Apoptosis mainly by increasing ROS. FBIN-11 decreases MMP. FBIN-11 exhibits anticancer effects against non-small cell lung cancer, liver cancer, and triple-negative breast cancer.
    FBIN-11
  • HY-N1994
    Swertianine
    		Inhibitor
    Swertianine is a hydroxyexanthone that can be isolated from Swertia decussata. Swertianine has antioxidant activity by inhibiting lipid peroxidation, scavenging DPPH and superoxide free radicals. Swertianine also inhibits γ-ray induced DNA damage of pBR322 with protective effect.
    Swertianine
  • HY-B0277AR
    Vidarabine phosphate (Standard)
    		Activator
    Vidarabine phosphate (ara-AMP; ara-A 5'-monophosphate) (Standard) is the analytical standard of Vidarabine phosphate. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Vidarabine phosphate is a purine nucleoside antiviral agent and a prodrug of Vidarabine (HY-B0277). Vidarabine phosphate is rapidly converted into the antiviral active Vidarabine in vivo, which selectively inhibits viral DNA polymerase and cellular ribonucleotide reductase, thereby blocking viral replication. Vidarabine phosphate also exhibits antifungal activity, induces late-stage cellular apoptosis, and causes cell cycle arrest. Vidarabine phosphate can be used in research related to severe chronic active Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection, herpes infection, and candidiasis.
    Vidarabine phosphate (Standard)
  • HY-114659
    AM-36
    		Inhibitor
    AM-36 is a neuroprotective agent with combined antioxidant and sodium channel blocking actions. AM-36 can inhibit cell apoptosis and ROS prodiction. AM-36 can reduce neuronal damage and DA release after middle cerebral artery occlusion in rats. AM-36 can be used for the researches of inflammation and neurological disease, such as stroke.
    AM-36
  • HY-180825
    Anticancer agent 292
    		Activator
    Anticancer agent 292 (Compound P4) is a photosensitizer for anti-melanoma. Anticancer agent 292 shows good biocompatibility under dark conditions and, upon illumination, induces apoptosis and partial necrosis in B16-F10 cells by disrupting the lysosomal membrane. Anticancer agent 292 not only directly kills tumor cells through the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), but also induces immune-prone cell death (ICD), thereby generating anti-tumor immune effects. Anticancer agent 292 can be used in the research of photodynamic therapy for melanoma.
    Anticancer agent 292
  • HY-B1199A
    Nialamide hydrochloride
    		Modulator
    Nialamide hydrochloride is a non-selective monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitor. Nialamide hydrochloride inhibits MAO and regulates ROS production. Nialamide hydrochloride induces hyperkinesis in animals, enhances the anticonvulsant effect of Diphenylhydantoin in mice, increases rectal temperature, and enhances the pressor effect of Norepinephrine. Nialamide hydrochloride can be used in the research of depression, inflammatory diseases, neurodegenerative diseases, and hypertension.
    Nialamide hydrochloride
  • HY-D1293
    Photosensitizer-1
    Photosensitizer-1 (Compound CLB-13) is a photosensitizer.
    Photosensitizer-1
  • HY-147772
    ZC0101
    		Inducer
    ZC0101 is a potent, orally active IDO1 and TrxR dual inhibitor with IC50 values of 0.084 μM and 7.98 μM, respectively. ZC0101 effectively induces apoptosis and ROS accumulation in cancer cells.
    ZC0101
  • HY-W014423S8
    L-Histidine-15N3,d5 hydrochloride hydrate
    		Inhibitor
    L-Histidine-15N3,d5 hydrochloride hydrate is the deuterium and 15N labeled L-Histidine hydrochloride hydrate (HY-W014423). L-Histidine hydrochloride hydrate is an endogenous metabolite. L-Histidine hydrochloride hydrate scavenges hydroxyl radicals and singlet oxygen, regulate the absorption of zinc, copper and iron, exhibits anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities. L-Histidine hydrochloride hydrate is blood brain barrier penetrable.
    L-Histidine-<sup>15</sup>N<sub>3</sub>,d<sub>5</sub> hydrochloride hydrate
  • HY-159149
    Antitumor agent-182
    		Inducer
    Antitumor agent-182 (Compound 12a) decreases mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and enhances ROS levels. Antitumor agent-182 arrests the cell cycle at G0/G1 phase, induces apoptosis in HeLa. Antitumor agent-182 inhibits the proliferation of HeLa, PC-3 and HCT-15 with IC50s of 8.83, 10.07 and 7.84 μM, respectively.
    Antitumor agent-182
  • HY-162402
    NLRP3-IN-33
    		Inhibitor
    NLRP3-IN-33 (Compound 12o) is a blood-brain barrier permeable inhibitor of AChE and BChE, with IC50 values of 1.02 μM and 7.03 μM against hAChE and hBChE respectively. NLRP3-IN-33 possesses antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and metal chelating activities, making it a potential candidate for research in Alzheimer's disease (AD).
    NLRP3-IN-33
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity