2. Metabolic Enzyme/Protease
  3. Aldehyde Dehydrogenase (ALDH) Endogenous Metabolite
  4. 4-Hydroxynonenal

4-Hydroxynonenal (4-HNE) is an α,β unsaturated hydroxyalkenal and an oxidative/nitrosative stress biomarker. 4-Hydroxynonenal is a substrate and an inhibitor of acetaldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2). 4-Hydroxynonenal can modulate a number of signaling processes mainly through forming covalent adducts with nucleophilic functional groups in proteins, nucleic acids, and membrane lipids. 4-Hydroxynonenal plays an important role in cancer through mitochondria.

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CAS No. : 75899-68-2

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10 mM * 1 mL in DMSO
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Customer Review

Based on 17 publication(s) in Google Scholar

Other Forms of 4-Hydroxynonenal:

4-Hydroxynonenal Related Antibodies

Top Publications Citing Use of Products

    4-Hydroxynonenal purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Clin Mol Hepatol. 2024 May 10.  [Abstract]

    Ifnb1 mRNA expression in LPS-primed WT macrophages treated with CM from PAOA-stimulated WT hepatocytes with or without 4-HNE and DMXAA.

    4-Hydroxynonenal purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Clin Mol Hepatol. 2024 May 10.  [Abstract]

    Immunoblot analysis of STING carbonylation by selective labeling with m-APA in WT BMDMs treated with 4-HNE (6.4 μM) or in activated Atg16l1fl/fl, Atg16l1ΔMϕ, and Atg16l1OE BMDMs.

    4-Hydroxynonenal purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Mol Cell. 2023 Dec 7;83(23):4352-4369.e8.  [Abstract]

    Cell viability of GSTP1-WT or GSTP1-Y7F overexpression HT 1080 cells in the presence of RSL3 (1 μM) and 4-HNE (5-20 μM; 1 h), with or without pretreatment with Lip-1 (0.3 μM, 12 h).

    4-Hydroxynonenal purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Mol Cell. 2023 Dec 7;83(23):4352-4369.e8.  [Abstract]

    ELISA analysis of 4-HNE level of GSTP1-WT or GSTP1-Y7F overexpression HT 1080 cells in the presence of RSL3 (1 μM) and 4-HNE (5-20 μM; 1 h), with or without pretreatment with Lip-1 (0.3 μM, 12 h).

    4-Hydroxynonenal purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Mol Cell. 2023 Dec 7;83(23):4352-4369.e8.  [Abstract]

    GST activity of purified GSTP1 protein, measured using 4-HNE as a substrate in the reactions.

    4-Hydroxynonenal purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Mol Cell. 2023 Dec 7;83(23):4352-4369.e8.  [Abstract]

    Lipid peroxidation detected in GSTP1-WT or GSTP1-Y7F overexpression HT 1080 cells in the presence or absence of RSL3 (1 μM) and increasing doses of 4-HNE (5-20 μM; 1h), with or without pretreatment with Lip-1 (0.3 μM, 12 h).

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    Human Endogenous Metabolite Microbial Metabolite

    • Biological Activity

    • Purity & Documentation

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    Description

    4-Hydroxynonenal (4-HNE) is an α,β unsaturated hydroxyalkenal and an oxidative/nitrosative stress biomarker. 4-Hydroxynonenal is a substrate and an inhibitor of acetaldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2). 4-Hydroxynonenal can modulate a number of signaling processes mainly through forming covalent adducts with nucleophilic functional groups in proteins, nucleic acids, and membrane lipids. 4-Hydroxynonenal plays an important role in cancer through mitochondria[1][2][3].

    IC50 & Target[1]

    ALDH2

     

    Human Endogenous Metabolite

     

    Cellular Effect
    Cell Line Type Value Description References
    HEK293 EC50
    27 μM
    Compound: 40
    Agonist activity at rat TRPA1 channel expressed in HEK293 cells assessed as increase in intracellular calcium influx
    Agonist activity at rat TRPA1 channel expressed in HEK293 cells assessed as increase in intracellular calcium influx
    		[PMID: 20356305]
    HEK293 EC50
    27 μM
    Compound: HNE
    Agonist activity at rat TRPA1 channel expressed in tetracycline induced HEK293 cells assessed as increase in intracellular calcium
    Agonist activity at rat TRPA1 channel expressed in tetracycline induced HEK293 cells assessed as increase in intracellular calcium
    		[PMID: 17684094]
    In Vitro

    4-Hydroxynonenal is both a substrate and an inhibitor of ALDH2; inhibition of ALDH2 by 4-Hydroxynonenal is reversible at low concentration and become irreversible when the concentration of 4-HNE reaches 10 μM[1].
    4-Hydroxynonenal can induce antioxidant defense mechanisms to restrain its own production and to enhance the cellular protection against oxidative stress[1].
    4-Hydroxynonenal, the product of lipid peroxidation, is mutagenic and genotoxic in viruses, bacteria and mammalian cells. It reacts with all four DNA bases but with different efficiency: G >C > A >T. 4-Hydroxynonenal-dG represents the best biomarker of the genotoxic effects of 4-Hydroxynonenal and these adducts are primarily found in nuclear DNA. A classic example of etiological relevance of 4-Hydroxynonenal-dG in human cancers is 4-Hydroxynonenal-dG induced p53 mutation. 4-Hydroxynonenal-dG adducts were preferentially formed at the third base of codon 249 in the p53 gene, causing gene mutation and affecting diverse biological processes including cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, DNA repair, and differentiation[1].

    MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

    4-Hydroxynonenal Related Antibodies
    In Vivo

    Following 24 h after fluid percussion injury (FPI), the mouse brain tissue is analyzed for the expression level of NADPH oxidase 1 (NOX1), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), 4-Hydroxynonenal (4-HNE. Both wild-type (Nrf2+/+) and Nrf2-deficient mice (Nrf2-/-) results in increased expression of 4-Hydroxynonenal following 15 psi injury (moderate injury) when compared to uninjured Nrf2+/+ and Nrf2-/- mice. Similar to iNOS result, in Nrf2-/- KO mice, the expression level of 4-Hydroxynonenal is significantly high when compared to corresponding injured and uninjured Nrf2+/+ WT animals[2].

    MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
    Molecular Weight

    156.22

    Formula

    C9H16O2
    CAS No.
    Appearance

    Liquid (Density: 0.941±0.06 g/cm3)

    Color

    Colorless to light yellow

    SMILES

    CCCCCC(O)/C=C/C=O
    Structure Classification
    Initial Source
    Shipping

    Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.
    Storage

    -20°C, sealed storage, away from moisture and light

    *In solvent : -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (sealed storage, away from moisture and light)

    Solvent & Solubility
    In Vitro: 

    Ethanol : 100 mg/mL (640.12 mM; Need ultrasonic)

    DMSO : 100 mg/mL (640.12 mM; Need ultrasonic; Hygroscopic DMSO has a significant impact on the solubility of product, please use newly opened DMSO)

    Preparing
    Stock Solutions
    Concentration Solvent Mass 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg
    1 mM 6.4012 mL 32.0061 mL 64.0123 mL
    5 mM 1.2802 mL 6.4012 mL 12.8025 mL
    View the Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

    * Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
    Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (sealed storage, away from moisture and light). When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.

    • Molarity Calculator

    • Dilution Calculator

    Mass (g) = Concentration (mol/L) × Volume (L) × Molecular Weight (g/mol)

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    Concentration (start) × Volume (start) = Concentration (final) × Volume (final)

    This equation is commonly abbreviated as: C1V1 = C2V2

    Concentration (start)

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    In Vivo:

    Select the appropriate dissolution method based on your experimental animal and administration route.

    For the following dissolution methods, please ensure to first prepare a clear stock solution using an In Vitro approach and then sequentially add co-solvents:
    To ensure reliable experimental results, the clarified stock solution can be appropriately stored based on storage conditions. As for the working solution for in vivo experiments, it is recommended to prepare freshly and use it on the same day.
    The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.

    • Protocol 1

      Add each solvent one by one:  10% DMSO    40% PEG300    5% Tween-80    45% Saline

      Solubility: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (16.00 mM); Clear solution

      This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (saturation unknown).

      Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (25.0 mg/mL) to 400 μL PEG300, and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 and mix evenly; then add 450 μL Saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL.

      Preparation of Saline: Dissolve 0.9 g sodium chloride in ddH₂O and dilute to 100 mL to obtain a clear Saline solution.
    • Protocol 2

      Add each solvent one by one:  10% DMSO    90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline)

      Solubility: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (16.00 mM); Clear solution

      This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (saturation unknown).

      Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (25.0 mg/mL) to 900 μL 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline, and mix evenly.

      Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C, storage for one week): 2 g SBE-β-CD powder is dissolved in 10 mL Saline, completely dissolve until clear.
    In Vivo Dissolution Calculator
    Please enter the basic information of animal experiments:

    Dosage

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    Dosing volume
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    Number of animals

    Recommended: Prepare an additional quantity of animals to account for potential losses during experiments.
    Please enter your animal formula composition:
    %
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    % 
    +
    %
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    Recommended: Keep the proportion of DMSO in working solution below 2% if your animal is weak.
    The co-solvents required include: DMSO, . All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE). , Tween 80. All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE).
    Calculation results:
    Working solution concentration: mg/mL
    Method for preparing stock solution: mg drug dissolved in μL  DMSO (Stock solution concentration: mg/mL).

    *In solvent : -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (sealed storage, away from moisture and light)

    The concentration of the stock solution you require exceeds the measured solubility. The following solution is for reference only. If necessary, please contact MedChemExpress (MCE).
    Method for preparing in vivo working solution for animal experiments: Take μL DMSO stock solution, add μL . μL , mix evenly, next add μL Tween 80, mix evenly, then add μL Saline.
     If the continuous dosing period exceeds half a month, please choose this protocol carefully.
    Please ensure that the stock solution in the first step is dissolved to a clear state, and add co-solvents in sequence. You can use ultrasonic heating (ultrasonic cleaner, recommended frequency 20-40 kHz), vortexing, etc. to assist dissolution.
    Purity & Documentation

    Purity: 99.73%

    SDS (393 KB)

    COA (241 KB) HNMR (331 KB) RP-HPLC (225 KB) LCMS (90 KB)

    Handling Instructions (2659 KB)
    References

    Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

    * Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
    Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (sealed storage, away from moisture and light). When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.

    Optional Solvent Concentration Solvent Mass 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg 25 mg
    Ethanol / DMSO 1 mM 6.4012 mL 32.0061 mL 64.0123 mL 160.0307 mL
    5 mM 1.2802 mL 6.4012 mL 12.8025 mL 32.0061 mL
    10 mM 0.6401 mL 3.2006 mL 6.4012 mL 16.0031 mL
    15 mM 0.4267 mL 2.1337 mL 4.2675 mL 10.6687 mL
    20 mM 0.3201 mL 1.6003 mL 3.2006 mL 8.0015 mL
    25 mM 0.2560 mL 1.2802 mL 2.5605 mL 6.4012 mL
    30 mM 0.2134 mL 1.0669 mL 2.1337 mL 5.3344 mL
    40 mM 0.1600 mL 0.8002 mL 1.6003 mL 4.0008 mL
    50 mM 0.1280 mL 0.6401 mL 1.2802 mL 3.2006 mL
    60 mM 0.1067 mL 0.5334 mL 1.0669 mL 2.6672 mL
    80 mM 0.0800 mL 0.4001 mL 0.8002 mL 2.0004 mL
    100 mM 0.0640 mL 0.3201 mL 0.6401 mL 1.6003 mL
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    4-Hydroxynonenal Related Classifications

    Help & FAQs
    • Do most proteins show cross-species activity?

      Species cross-reactivity must be investigated individually for each product. Many human cytokines will produce a nice response in mouse cell lines, and many mouse proteins will show activity on human cells. Other proteins may have a lower specific activity when used in the opposite species.

    Keywords:

    4-Hydroxynonenal75899-68-24-HNEAldehyde Dehydrogenase (ALDH)Endogenous MetaboliteCancermitochondriaoxidativenitrosativestressbiomarkergenotoxicInhibitorinhibitorinhibit

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