Cat. No.: HY-113466

4-Hydroxynonenal

(Synonyms: 4-HNE)

18 Cited Publications

Customer Review

Based on 18 publication(s) in Google Scholar

4-Hydroxynonenal (4-HNE) is an α,β unsaturated hydroxyalkenal and an oxidative/nitrosative stress biomarker. 4-Hydroxynonenal is a substrate and an inhibitor of acetaldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2). 4-Hydroxynonenal can modulate a number of signaling processes mainly through forming covalent adducts with nucleophilic functional groups in proteins, nucleic acids, and membrane lipids. 4-Hydroxynonenal plays an important role in cancer through mitochondria.

For research use only. We do not sell to patients.

Purity: 99.75%
CAS No.: 75899-68-2
Formula: C₉H₁₆O₂
Molecular Weight:156.22

Storage:

-20°C, sealed storage, away from moisture and light

* In solvent : -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (sealed storage, away from moisture and light)

4-Hydroxynonenal Chemical Structure

CAS No.: 75899-68-2

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Strong Fluorescence Signal / Multi-Disciplinary Applications / High Fluorescence Specificity

Biological Activity
- Description
- IC₅₀ & Target
- Cellular Effect
- In Vitro
- In Vivo
Chemical Information
Publications (18)
Solvent & Solubility
- In Vitro
- In Vivo
Purity & Documentation
References
Help & FAQs
Classifications
Bioz

Biological Activity

Description

IC₅₀ & Target^[1]

ALDH2

Human Endogenous Metabolite

All Aldehyde Dehydrogenase (ALDH) Isoforms :

All Endogenous Metabolite Isoforms :

Cellular Effect

Cell Line	Type	Value	Description	References
HEK293	EC₅₀	27 μM Compound: 40	Agonist activity at rat TRPA1 channel expressed in HEK293 cells assessed as increase in intracellular calcium influx Agonist activity at rat TRPA1 channel expressed in HEK293 cells assessed as increase in intracellular calcium influx	[PMID: 20356305]
HEK293	EC₅₀	27 μM Compound: HNE	Agonist activity at rat TRPA1 channel expressed in tetracycline induced HEK293 cells assessed as increase in intracellular calcium Agonist activity at rat TRPA1 channel expressed in tetracycline induced HEK293 cells assessed as increase in intracellular calcium	[PMID: 17684094]

In Vitro

4-Hydroxynonenal is both a substrate and an inhibitor of ALDH2; inhibition of ALDH2 by 4-Hydroxynonenal is reversible at low concentration and become irreversible when the concentration of 4-HNE reaches 10 μM^[1].
4-Hydroxynonenal can induce antioxidant defense mechanisms to restrain its own production and to enhance the cellular protection against oxidative stress^[1].
4-Hydroxynonenal, the product of lipid peroxidation, is mutagenic and genotoxic in viruses, bacteria and mammalian cells. It reacts with all four DNA bases but with different efficiency: G >C > A >T. 4-Hydroxynonenal-dG represents the best biomarker of the genotoxic effects of 4-Hydroxynonenal and these adducts are primarily found in nuclear DNA. A classic example of etiological relevance of 4-Hydroxynonenal-dG in human cancers is 4-Hydroxynonenal-dG induced p53 mutation. 4-Hydroxynonenal-dG adducts were preferentially formed at the third base of codon 249 in the p53 gene, causing gene mutation and affecting diverse biological processes including cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, DNA repair, and differentiation^[1].

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

In Vivo

Following 24 h after fluid percussion injury (FPI), the mouse brain tissue is analyzed for the expression level of NADPH oxidase 1 (NOX1), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), 4-Hydroxynonenal (4-HNE. Both wild-type (Nrf2^+/+) and Nrf2-deficient mice (Nrf2^-/-) results in increased expression of 4-Hydroxynonenal following 15 psi injury (moderate injury) when compared to uninjured Nrf2^+/+ and Nrf2^-/- mice. Similar to iNOS result, in Nrf2^-/- KO mice, the expression level of 4-Hydroxynonenal is significantly high when compared to corresponding injured and uninjured Nrf2^+/+ WT animals^[2].

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

Chemical Information

CAS No. 75899-68-2
Appearance Liquid (Density: 0.941±0.06 g/cm³)
Molecular Weight 156.22
Formula C₉H₁₆O₂
Color Colorless to light yellow
SMILES

CCCCCC(O)/C=C/C=O
Synonyms

4-HNE
Structure Classification
- Ketones, Aldehydes, Acids
Initial Source
Shipping

Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.
Storage

-20°C, sealed storage, away from moisture and light

* In solvent : -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (sealed storage, away from moisture and light)

Publications (18)

All RT-PCRWBCell Proliferation/Viability AssayELISABio/Physico-chemical AssayCell Imaging/Staining

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Journal Impact Factor

Clin Mol Hepatol

Macrophage ATG16L1 expression suppresses MASH progression by promoting lipophagy. [Abstract]

2024 May 10. PMID: 38726504

4-Hydroxynonenal purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Clin Mol Hepatol. 2024 May 10. [Abstract]

Ifnb1 mRNA expression in LPS-primed WT macrophages treated with CM from PAOA-stimulated WT hepatocytes with or without 4-HNE and DMXAA.

4-Hydroxynonenal purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Clin Mol Hepatol. 2024 May 10. [Abstract]

Immunoblot analysis of STING carbonylation by selective labeling with m-APA in WT BMDMs treated with 4-HNE (6.4 μM) or in activated Atg16l1^fl/fl, Atg16l1^ΔMϕ, and Atg16l1^OE BMDMs.
Mol Cell

A regulator of amino acid sensing links lipid peroxidation and lipid droplet-dependent antioxidant response. [Abstract]

2025 Sep 4;85(17):3225-3240.e10. PMID: 40865521
Mol Cell

SMURF2 predisposes cancer cell toward ferroptosis in GPX4-independent manners by promoting GSTP1 degradation. [Abstract]

2023 Dec 7;83(23):4352-4369.e8. PMID: 38016474

4-Hydroxynonenal purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Mol Cell. 2023 Dec 7;83(23):4352-4369.e8. [Abstract]

Cell viability of GSTP1-WT or GSTP1-Y7F overexpression HT 1080 cells in the presence of RSL3 (1 μM) and 4-HNE (5-20 μM; 1 h), with or without pretreatment with Lip-1 (0.3 μM, 12 h).

4-Hydroxynonenal purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Mol Cell. 2023 Dec 7;83(23):4352-4369.e8. [Abstract]

ELISA analysis of 4-HNE level of GSTP1-WT or GSTP1-Y7F overexpression HT 1080 cells in the presence of RSL3 (1 μM) and 4-HNE (5-20 μM; 1 h), with or without pretreatment with Lip-1 (0.3 μM, 12 h).

4-Hydroxynonenal purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Mol Cell. 2023 Dec 7;83(23):4352-4369.e8. [Abstract]

GST activity of purified GSTP1 protein, measured using 4-HNE as a substrate in the reactions.

4-Hydroxynonenal purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Mol Cell. 2023 Dec 7;83(23):4352-4369.e8. [Abstract]

Lipid peroxidation detected in GSTP1-WT or GSTP1-Y7F overexpression HT 1080 cells in the presence or absence of RSL3 (1 μM) and increasing doses of 4-HNE (5-20 μM; 1h), with or without pretreatment with Lip-1 (0.3 μM, 12 h).
Acta Pharm Sin B

THBru ameliorates atherosclerosis by inhibiting endothelial ferroptosis via regulation of the super-enhancer-associated ABCC1. [Abstract]

2025 Dec;15(12):6461-6477. PMID: 41477343
Redox Biol

Phospholipid peroxidation-driven modification of chondrogenic transcription factor mediates alkoxyl radicals-induced impairment of embryonic bone development. [Abstract]

2022 Oct:56:102437. PMID: 36037588
Cell Death Dis

Downregulation of 4-HNE and FOXO4 collaboratively promotes NSCLC cell migration and tumor growth. [Abstract]

2024 Jul 31;15(7):546. PMID: 39085238
Free Radic Biol Med

Nicotinamide mononucleotide mitigates hyperoxia-aggravated septic lung injury via the GPx4-mediated anti-ferroptosis signaling pathway in alveolar epithelial cells. [Abstract]

2025 Apr 15:S0891-5849(25)00231-X. PMID: 40246251
Free Radic Biol Med

α-tocopherol deficiency in follicular ovarian cyst (FOCs) follicular fluid (FF) elevates oxidative stress and impairs oocyte maturation. [Abstract]

2025 Mar 1:229:415-426. PMID: 39870224
Antioxidants (Basel)

Hydroxysafflor Yellow A Blocks HIF-1 α Induction of NOX2 and Protects ZO-1 Protein in Cerebral Microvascular Endothelium. [Abstract]

2022 Apr 7;11(4):728. PMID: 35453413
J Agric Food Chem

Bromelain Alleviates Sleep Deprivation-Induced Intestinal Injury via TRPA1/5-HT Axis. [Abstract]

2025 Jul 23;73(29):18153-18164. PMID: 40662381
Eur J Med Chem

Praeruptorin A screened by a ferrous ion probe inhibited DMT1 and ferroptosis to attenuate Doxorubicin-induced cardiomyopathy. [Abstract]

2024 Nov 26:283:117108. PMID: 39615370
Mol Cell Proteomics

4-Oxo-2-Nonenal Crosslinks Vicinal Cysteine-Lysine Pairs in Cellular Proteins. [Abstract]

2026 Apr 28:101573. PMID: 42061713
Life Sci

Lycopene inhibits doxorubicin-induced heart failure by inhibiting ferroptosis through the Nrf2 signaling pathway. [Abstract]

2025 Feb 7:123452. PMID: 39923835
Biomed J

Inhibition of the 4-hydroxynonenal-regulated JNK/c-Jun pathway improves bleomycin-induced lung fibrosis. [Abstract]

2025 Oct 9:100916. PMID: 41076274
Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis

Loss of ALDH2 accelerates the progression of pulmonary arterial hypertension through the 4-HNE/ERK1/2-p16INK4a signaling pathway. [Abstract]

2025 Apr 22:167863. PMID: 40274079
SSRN

2024 Apr 26.
Research Square Print

2023 Feb 14.
Research Square Preprint

2021 Dec.

Solvent & Solubility

In Vitro:

Ethanol : 100 mg/mL (640.12 mM; Need ultrasonic)

DMSO : 100 mg/mL (640.12 mM; Need ultrasonic; Hygroscopic DMSO has a significant impact on the solubility of product, please use newly opened DMSO)

View the Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

Preparing Stock Solutions

View the Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

Concentration Solvent Mass

1 mg

5 mg

10 mg

Concentration

Solvent

Mass

1 mM

6.4012 mL

32.0061 mL

64.0123 mL

5 mM

1.2802 mL

6.4012 mL

12.8025 mL

10 mM

0.6401 mL

3.2006 mL

6.4012 mL

Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.

Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (sealed storage, away from moisture and light). When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.

Molarity Calculator

Mass (g) = Concentration (mol/L) × Volume (L) × Molecular Weight (g/mol)

Mass Mass

Concentration Concentration

Volume Volume

Molecular Weight Molecular Weight

Dilution Calculator

Concentration _(start) × Volume _(start) = Concentration _(final) × Volume _(final)

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Volume _(start) Volume _(start)

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In Vivo:

Select the appropriate dissolution method based on your experimental animal and administration route.

Stock Solution Working Solution

For the following dissolution methods, please ensure to first prepare a clear stock solution using an In Vitro approach and then sequentially add co-solvents:
To ensure reliable experimental results, the clarified stock solution can be appropriately stored based on storage conditions. As for the working solution for In Vivo experiments, it is recommended to prepare freshly and use it on the same day.
The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.

Protocol 1

Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 40% PEG300 5% Tween-80 45% Saline

Solubility: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (16.00 mM); Clear solution

This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (saturation unknown).

Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (25.0 mg/mL) to 400 μL PEG300, and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 and mix evenly; then add 450 μL Saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL.

Protocol 2

Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline)

Solubility: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (16.00 mM); Clear solution

This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (saturation unknown).

Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (25.0 mg/mL) to 900 μL 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline, and mix evenly.

Protocol 3

Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 90% Corn Oil

Solubility: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (16.00 mM); Clear solution

This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (saturation unknown). If the continuous dosing period exceeds half a month, please choose this protocol carefully.

Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (25.0 mg/mL) to 900 μL Corn oil, and mix evenly.

Protocol 4

Add each solvent one by one: 10% EtOH 40% PEG300 5% Tween-80 45% Saline

Solubility: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (16.00 mM); Clear solution

This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (saturation unknown).

Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL EtOH stock solution (25.0 mg/mL) to 400 μL PEG300, and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 and mix evenly; then add 450 μL Saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL.

In Vivo Dissolution Calculator

Please enter the basic information of animal experiments:

Dosage Dosage
mg/kg
Animal Weight (Per Animal) Animal Weight (Per Animal)
g
Dosing Volume (Per Animal) Dosing Volume (Per Animal)
μL
Number of Animals Number of Animals

Recommended: Prepare an additional quantity of animals to account for potential losses during experiments.

Recommended: Prepare an additional quantity of animals to account for potential losses during experiments.

Please enter your animal formula composition:

%
DMSO +

Recommended: Keep the proportion of DMSO in working solution below 2% if your animal is weak.
%
+
+
%
Tween-80 + +
%
Saline +

The co-solvents required include: DMSO, . All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE). , Tween 80. All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE).

Working solution concentration: 0.22 mg/mL

Purity & Documentation

Select Batch:

Purity: 99.98%

Assay: 99.98%

ee.: 99.98%

Data Sheet (272 KB)
SDS (394 KB)
- English - EN (394 KB)
- Français - FR (394 KB)
- Deutsch - DE (394 KB)
- Norwegian - NO (394 KB)
- Español - ES (394 KB)
- Swedish - SV (394 KB)
- Italian - IT (394 KB)
- Korean - KR (394 KB)
- Portuguese - PT (394 KB)
COA (2659 KB)
Elemental Analysis Report (2659 KB)
HNMR (2659 KB)
CNMR (2659 KB)
RP-HPLC (2659 KB)
NP-HPLC (2659 KB)
MS (2659 KB)
LCMS (2659 KB)
IR (2659 KB)
GC (2659 KB)
OR (2659 KB)
SDS-PAGE (2659 KB)
SEC-HPLC (2659 KB)
Other Report (2659 KB)
Handling Instructions (2659 KB)

References

[1]. Zhong H, et al. Role of lipid peroxidation derived 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE) in cancer: focusing on mitochondria. Redox Biol. 2015;4:193-9. [Content Brief]

[2]. Csala M, et al. On the role of 4-hydroxynonenal in health and disease. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2015 May;1852(5):826-38. [Content Brief]

[3]. Bhowmick S, et al. Traumatic brain injury-induced downregulation of Nrf2 activates inflammatory response and apoptotic cell death. J Mol Med (Berl). 2019 Nov 22. [Content Brief]

Help & FAQs

How should lyophilized recombinant proteins be reconstituted and stored?

1. Before opening the cap, centrifuge the vial at 13000 rpm for 20-30 seconds. This step will ensure that any lyophilized powder that may have adhered to the cap or walls is collected at the bottom of the vial, minimizing the risk of product loss.

Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

Optional Solvent	Concentration Solvent Mass	1 mg	5 mg	10 mg	25 mg
Ethanol / DMSO	1 mM	6.4012 mL	32.0061 mL	64.0123 mL	160.0307 mL
	5 mM	1.2802 mL	6.4012 mL	12.8025 mL	32.0061 mL
	10 mM	0.6401 mL	3.2006 mL	6.4012 mL	16.0031 mL
	15 mM	0.4267 mL	2.1337 mL	4.2675 mL	10.6687 mL
	20 mM	0.3201 mL	1.6003 mL	3.2006 mL	8.0015 mL
	25 mM	0.2560 mL	1.2802 mL	2.5605 mL	6.4012 mL
	30 mM	0.2134 mL	1.0669 mL	2.1337 mL	5.3344 mL
	40 mM	0.1600 mL	0.8002 mL	1.6003 mL	4.0008 mL
	50 mM	0.1280 mL	0.6401 mL	1.2802 mL	3.2006 mL
	60 mM	0.1067 mL	0.5334 mL	1.0669 mL	2.6672 mL
	80 mM	0.0800 mL	0.4001 mL	0.8002 mL	2.0004 mL
	100 mM	0.0640 mL	0.3201 mL	0.6401 mL	1.6003 mL

Keywords

4-Hydroxynonenal

18 Cited Publications

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4-Hydroxynonenal

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Publications Citing Use of MedChemExpress (MCE) 4-Hydroxynonenal

All Aldehyde Dehydrogenase (ALDH) Isoforms

All Endogenous Metabolite Isoforms

Biological Activity

Chemical Information

Publications (18)

Solvent & Solubility

Purity & Documentation

References

Help & FAQs

Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

4-Hydroxynonenal Related Classifications

HY-113466 Related Classifications