2. Signaling Pathways
  3. Neuronal Signaling
  4. Amyloid-β

Amyloid-β

β-amyloid peptide; Aβ; Abeta

Amyloid-β

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Amyloid-β (Aβ) denotes peptides of 36–43 amino acids that are crucially involved in Alzheimer's disease as the main component of theamyloid plaques found in the brains of Alzheimer patients. The peptides result from the amyloid precursor protein (APP), which is being cut by certain enzymes to yield Aβ. Amyloid-β molecules can aggregate to form flexible soluble oligomers which may exist in several forms. Amyloid-β peptide is due to overproduction of Aβ and/or the failure of clearance mechanisms. Amyloid-β self-aggregates into oligomers, which can be of various sizes, and forms diffuse and neuritic plaques in the parenchyma and blood vessels. Amyloid-β oligomers and plaques are potent synaptotoxins, block proteasome function, inhibit mitochondrial activity, alter intracellular Ca2+levels and stimulate inflammatory processes. Loss of the normal physiological functions of Aβ is also thought to contribute to neuronal dysfunction.

Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-149272
    tau/Aβ40 aggregation-IN-1
    		Inhibitor
    tau/Aβ40 aggregation-IN-1 (Compound 20) is a tau and Aβ40 aggregation inhibitor with IC50s of 1.8 μM and 1.3 μM, respectively.
    tau/Aβ40 aggregation-IN-1
  • HY-163283
    6′-Methyl paeonol
    		Inhibitor
    6’-Methyl paeonol is a paeonol derivative, which inihibits abnormal depolarizations and reduces the Amyloid β-induced ERK phosphorylation. 6’-Methyl paeonol exhibits alleviating activity against Alzheimer’s Disease.
    6′-Methyl paeonol
  • HY-157382
    AChE-IN-51
    		Inhibitor
    AChE-IN-51 (compound 8C) is an orally active, non-competitive inhibitor of AChE and BChE (IC50: 84 nM, 97 nM). It also inhibits MMP-2 and amyloid Aβ1-42 aggregates (IC50: 724 nM, 302 nM). AChE-IN-51 has low cytotoxicity and in silico predicted blood-brain barrier permeability. Can be used for research on diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD).
    AChE-IN-51
  • HY-178454
    Multitarget AD-IN-3
    		Inhibitor
    Multitarget AD-IN-3 is a brain-penetrant neuroprotective agent. Multitarget AD-IN-3 can selectively inhibit MAO-B with an IC50 of 4.42 μM and a SI of 18.12. Multitarget AD-IN-3 can eliminate ROS. Multitarget AD-IN-3 Multitarget AD-IN-3 can inhibit Aβ1-42 self-aggregation and can reverse Aβ1-42-induced mitochondrial membrane depolarization and inhibit apoptosis. Multitarget AD-IN-3 can be used for the research of neurological disease, such as Alzheimer’s disease.
    Multitarget AD-IN-3
  • HY-180842
    MAO-B-IN-50
    		Inhibitor
    MAO-B-IN-50 (Compound C20) is a selective MAO-B inhibitor with an IC50 value of 0.06 μM. MAO-B-IN-50 shows good inhibitory effects on the aggregation of Aβ40/42 and Tau proteins, with overall IC50 values around 1 μM. MAO-B-IN-50 exhibits potent and selective AChE inhibition (IC50 = 1.78 μM). MAO-B-IN-50 can be used in the research of Alzheimer's disease.
    MAO-B-IN-50
  • HY-182429
    NB-533
    		Inhibitor
    NB-533 is an orally active and brain-penetrant BACE-1 inhibitor with a human IC50 of 0.002 μM. NB-533 also inhibits human cathepsin D with an IC50 of 0.001 μM. NB-533 inhibits amyloidogenic amyloid precursor protein (APP) processing and reduces Aβ40 release. NB-533 reduces brain levels of APP metabolite C99 and Aβ40 in transgenic mice. NB-533 can be used for the research of Alzheimer’s disease.
    NB-533
  • HY-181248
    BChE-IN-49
    		Inhibitor
    BChE-IN-49 is an orally active BChE inhibitor with IC50 values of 0.73 μM and 6.43 μM against BChE and AChE, respectively. BChE-IN-49 reduces AChE levels to inhibit the degradation of acetylcholine. By inhibiting GSK-3β, BChE-IN-49 potently activates the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, exerting potent anti-Aβ, antioxidant, anti-neuroinflammatory and anti-apoptotic effects. BChE-IN-49 can be used in research related to Alzheimer's disease.
    BChE-IN-49
  • HY-146140
    Aβ-IN-4
    		Inhibitor
    Aβ-IN-4 (compound 12) is a potent amyloid β (Aβ) inhibitor. Aβ-IN-4 inhibits Aβ42 aggregation. However, Aβ-IN-4 can not alleviate the neurotoxicity of Aβ42 in SH-SY5Y cells. Aβ-IN-4 can not change the aggregation state of Aβ42 into a nontoxic one.
    Aβ-IN-4
  • HY-144790
    AChE-IN-12
    		Inhibitor
    AChE-IN-12 is a potent and blood-brain barrier (BBB) penetrant acetylcholinesterase (AChE) with IC50s of 0.41 μM and 1.88 μM for rat AChE and electric eel AChE. AChE-IN-12 is also a good antioxidant (ORAC = 3.3 eq), selective metal chelator and huMAO-B inhibitor (IC50 = 8.8 μM). AChE-IN-12 has remarkable inhibition of self- and Cu2+-induced Aβ1-42 aggregation, as well as exhibits a good neuroprotective effect. AChE-IN-12 can be used for researching Alzheimer’s disease.
    AChE-IN-12
  • HY-147939
    AChE/BuChE-IN-3
    		Inhibitor
    AChE/BuChE-IN-3 is a potent and blood-brain barrier (BBB) penetrant AChE and BuChE dual inhibitor with IC50s of 0.65 μM and 5.77 μM for AChE and BuChE. AChE/BuChE-IN-3 also inhibits Aβ1-42 aggregation. AChE/BuChE-IN-3 has effectively neuroprotective activities and nearly no toxicity on SH-SY5Y cells. AChE/BuChE-IN-3 can be used for researching Alzheimer's disease.
    AChE/BuChE-IN-3
  • HY-181160
    JNK3/Wnt/β-catenin modulator-1
    		Inhibitor
    JNK3/Wnt/β-catenin modulator-1 is a brain-penetrant JNK3 inhibitor and Wnt/β-catenin activator. JNK3/Wnt/β-catenin modulator-1 decreases Aβ1-42 production and reduced ROS generation. JNK3/Wnt/β-catenin modulator-1 inhibits the activation of JNK and Puma, promotes Beclin-1 expression, reduces GSK-3β and BACE1 expression and activates Wnt/β-catenin signaling. JNK3/Wnt/β-catenin modulator-1 improves cognitive and memory performance, attenuates histopathological brain damage, preserves structure of hippocampal pyramidal cells and cerebral cortical neurons. JNK3/Wnt/β-catenin modulator-1 can be used for the research of Alzheimer's disease.
    JNK3/Wnt/β-catenin modulator-1
  • HY-155365
    hAChE-IN-5
    		Inhibitor
    hAChE-IN-5 (compound 49) is a potent hAChE and hBuChE inhibitor with IC50 values of 0.17 μM and 0.17 μM, respectively. hAChE-IN-5 shows potent GSK3β inhibition with an IC50 value of 0.21 μM. hAChE-IN-5 is used as tau protein aggregation and Aβ1-42 self-aggregation inhibitor. hAChE-IN-5 can bind virtually with the PAS affecting Aβ aggregation, thus preventing Aβ-dependent neurotoxicity. hAChE-IN-5 can penetrate BBB and has the potential for multi-targeted anti-Alzheimer's agents research.
    hAChE-IN-5
  • HY-N2319R
    Dihydroergocristine mesylate (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    Dihydroergocristine (mesylate) (Standard) is the analytical standard of Dihydroergocristine (mesylate). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Dihydroergocristine mesylate (DHEC mesylate) is a inhibitor of γ-secretase (GSI), reduces the production of the Alzheimer's disease amyloid-β peptides, binds directly to γ-secretase and Nicastrin with equilibrium dissociation constants (Kd) of 25.7 nM and 9.8 μM, respectively.
    Dihydroergocristine mesylate (Standard)
  • HY-16900G
    Rolipram (GMP)
    		Inhibitor
    Rolipram GMP is Rolipram (HY-16900) produced by using GMP guidelines. GMP small molecules works appropriately as an auxiliary reagent for cell therapy manufacture. Rolipram is a PDE4 inhibitor, with blood-brain barrier permeability, that reverses β-amyloid-induced learning and memory impairment in rats. Rolipram elevates intracellular cAMP and clevels and regulates the cAMP/CREB signaling pathway, thereby alleviating neuroinflammation and apoptotic responses. Rolipram promotes neuronal differentiation of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells and inhibits Methamphetamine- and morphine-induced hyperlocomotion in mice. Rolipram also reduces the viability of glioblastoma stem-like cells and enhances Bevacizumab (HY-P9906)-induced cell death. Rolipram inhibits the expression of proinflammatory cytokines and enhances central noradrenergic transmission. Rolipram is mainly used in studies related to various central nervous system diseases including Alzheimer's disease, major depressive disorder, glioblastoma multiforme, and multiple sclerosis.
    Rolipram (GMP)
  • HY-14602R
    Tramiprosate (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    Tramiprosate (Standard) is the analytical standard of Tramiprosate. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Tramiprosate (Homotaurine), an orally active and brain-penetrant natural amino acid found in various species of red marine algae. Tramiprosate binds to soluble Aβ and maintains Aβ in a non-fibrillar form. Tramiprosate is also a GABA analog and possess neuroprotection, anticonvulsion and antihypertension effects.
    Tramiprosate (Standard)
  • HY-P10876
    mcK6A1
    		Inhibitor
    mcK6A1 is an inhibitor for the aggregation of amyloid-β (Aβ), that selectively binds to the 16KLVFFA21 segment of Aβ42, forms an extended β-folded structure, and inhibits the formation of Aβ42 oligomers. mcK6A1 can be used in research of Alzheimer's disease and other amyloid-related diseases.
    mcK6A1
  • HY-106661
    GLY-230
    		Inhibitor
    GLY-230 is an orally active compound. GLY-230 can inhibit nonenzymatic glycation and reduce glycated albumin. GLY-230 can reduce brain Aβ42 levels. GLY-230 can be used for the researches of metabolic and neurological disease, such as diabetic renal dysfunction.
    GLY-230
  • HY-176271
    MAO-B-IN-45
    		Inhibitor
    MAO-B-IN-45 is a dual inhibitor of ferroptosis and MAO-B. MAO-B-IN-45 shows selectivity towards MAO-B with an IC50 of 87.47 nM and selectivity exceeding 229-fold for MAO-B over MAO-A. MAO-B-IN-45 has excellent antiferroptosis activity through modulation of the iron metabolic pathway and GSH-GPX4 axis in vitro. MAO-B-IN-45 improves cognitive and behavioral impairments in 3×Tg (APP/Tau/Ps1) AD mouse and significantly reduced the levels of ferritin heavy chain 1 (FTH1), APP, and Tau phosphorylation (p-Tau) proteins in the brain.
    MAO-B-IN-45
  • HY-17406S
    Tolcapone-d7
    		Inhibitor
    Tolcapone-d7 (Ro 40-7592-d7) is the deuterium labeled Tolcapone (HY-17406). Tolcapone (Ro 40-7592) is a selective, potent and orally active COMT inhibitor with an IC50of 773 nM. Tolcapone can inhibits α-syn and Aβ42 oligomerization and fibrillogenesis. Tolcapone can cause oxidative stress and induce cancer cells apoptosis and ROS production. Tolcapone can be used for the researches of cancer and neurological disease, such as Parkinson disease and neuroblastoma.
    Tolcapone-d<sub>7</sub>
  • HY-P4832
    Acetyl-Tau Peptide (273-284) amide
    		Inhibitor
    Acetyl-Tau Peptide (273-284) amide is an acetylated Tau peptide fragment. Acetyl-Tau Peptide (273-284) amide limits the substantial aggregation of Ac-Aβ(25–35)-NH2 and can be used as an inhibitor of Ac-Aβ(25–35)-NH2. Acetyl-Tau Peptide (273-284) amide can be used as an experimental model to investigate the Aβ/Tau cross-interaction .
    Acetyl-Tau Peptide (273-284) amide
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity