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Apoptosis

Apoptosis

Apoptosis

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Apoptosis is a distinctive form of cell death exhibiting specific morphological and biochemical characteristics, including cell membrane blebbing, chromatin condensation, genomic DNA fragmentation, and exposure of specific phagocytosis signaling molecules on the cell surface. Cells undergoing apoptosis differ from those dying through necrosis. Necrotic cells are usually recognized by the immune system as a danger signal and, thus, resulting in inflammation; in contrast, apoptotic death is quiet and orderly.

There are two major pathways of apoptotic cell death induction: The intrinsic pathway, also called the Bcl-2-regulated or mitochondrial pathway, is activated by various developmental cues or cytotoxic insults, such as viral infection, DNA damage and growth-factor deprivation, and is strictly controlled by the BCL-2 family of proteins. The extrinsic or death-receptor pathway is triggered by ligation of death receptors (members of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor family, such as Fas or TNF receptor-1 (TNFR1)) that contain an intracellular death domain, which can recruit and activate caspase-8 through the adaptor protein Fas-associated death domain (FADD; also known as MORT1) at the cell surface. This recruitment causes subsequent activation of downstream (effector) caspases, such as caspase-3, -6 or -7, without any involvement of the BCL-2 family.

Studies suggest that alterations in cell survival contribute to the pathogenesis of a number of human diseases, including cancer, viral infections, autoimmune diseases, neurodegenerative disorders, and AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome). Treatments designed to specifically alter the apoptotic threshold may have the potential to change the natural progression of some of these diseases.

Cat. No. Nom du produit Effet Pureté Chemical Structure
  • HY-17583R
    Griseofulvin (Standard)
    		Inducer
    Griseofulvin (Standard) is the analytical standard of Griseofulvin. This product is intended for research and analytical applications.
    Griseofulvin (Standard)
  • HY-101597
    NVX-207
    		Inducer 98.0%
    NVX-207, a Betulinic acid-derived anti-cancer compound, shows anti-tumor activity (mean IC50=3.5 μM) against various human and canine cell lines. NVX-207-induced apoptosis is associated with activation of the intrinsic apoptotic pathway via cleavage of caspases -9, -3, -7 and of PARP.
    NVX-207
  • HY-B0754
    Hematoporphyrin
    		Inducer ≥98.0%
    Hematoporphyrin (Hematoporphyrin IX), a photosensitizer, is a substrate for affinity chromatography of heme-binding proteins. Hematoporphyrin can induce apoptosis in U87 glioma cells and decrease tumor growth in vivo when exposed to red light.
    Hematoporphyrin
  • HY-P5937
    Caerin 1.1 TFA
    		Inducer
    Caerin 1.1 TFA is a host defense peptide isolated from the glandular secretions of the Australian tree frog Litoria. Caerin 1.1 TFA inhibits HeLa cell proliferation and mediates apoptosis. Caerin 1.1 TFA may enhance adaptive T cell immune responses.
    Caerin 1.1 TFA
  • HY-12085S
    Apremilast-d5
    		Inducer 99.26%
    Apremilast-d5 is a deuterium labeled Apremilast. Apremilast is an orally available inhibitor of type-4 cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase (PDE-4) with an IC50 of 74 nM. Apremilast inhibits TNF-α release by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) with an IC50 of 104 nM.
    Apremilast-d<sub>5</sub>
  • HY-149570
    Thalidomide-5-O-C13-NH2 hydrochloride
    		Inducer 99.93%
    Thalidomide-5-O-C13-NH2 hydrochloride is the Thalidomide (HY-10984)-based cereblon ligand used in the recruitment of CRBN protein.Thalidomide-5-O-C13-NH2 hydrochloride can be connected to the ligand for protein by a linker to form PROTACs.
    Thalidomide-5-O-C13-NH2 hydrochloride
  • HY-116971
    DCG066
    		Inducer 99.78%
    DCG066 is an inhibitor of lysine methyltransferase G9a. DCG066 can bind directly to G9a and inhibit methyltransferase activity in vitro. DCG066 decreases di-methylation levels of histone H3 lysine 9 (H3K9Me2), inhibits cell proliferation and induces cell apoptosis. DCG066 displays low cytotoxicity in leukemia cell lines with high levels of G9a expression, including K562.
    DCG066
  • HY-B0261S4
    Meloxicam-13C6
    		Inducer
    Meloxicam-13C6 is 13C6-labeled Meloxicam (HY-B0261). Meloxicam is a non-steroidal antiinflammatory agent, inhibits COX activity, with IC50s of 0.49 μM and 36.6 μM for COX-2 and COX-1, respectively.
    Meloxicam-<sup>13</sup>C<sub>6</sub>
  • HY-P11162
    FGF7p
    		Inhibitor 99.34%
    FGF7p is a small molecule peptide and a potential bladder protector. FGF7p can activate downstream signaling pathways of FGFR2 in the urinary tract epithelium (pFRS2α, pAKT and pERK). FGF7p alleviates cyclophosphamide induced apoptosis and tissue damage in urinary tract epithelial cells by activating AKT and its downstream anti apoptotic targets (pBAD, pS6/mTORC1). FGF7p is commonly used in the study of inflammatory conditions.
    FGF7p
  • HY-W749327
    2,4-Di-tert-butylphenol-d21
    2,4-Di-tert-butylphenol-d21 (2,4-DTBP-d21) is the deuterium labeled 2,4-Di-tert-butylphenol (HY-W014589). 2,4-Di-tert-butylphenol (2,4-DTBP) is an orally active RXRα activator and a human estrogen receptor ligand with anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities, which can induce apoptosis in tumor cells. 2,4-Di-tert-butylphenol can activate the RXRα subtype in LXRα/RXRα, PPARγ/RXRα, and hormone receptor β/RXRα. 2,4-Di-tert-butylphenol also has antiviral and antifungal activities and has the potential to inhibit Aβ-induced neurotoxicity. 2,4-Di-tert-butylphenol can be used as an intermediate in the preparation of antioxidants and UV stabilizers, and is also used in the manufacture of drugs and fragrances.
    2,4-Di-tert-butylphenol-d<sub>21</sub>
  • HY-N9488
    Girinimbine
    		Inducer 99.23%
    Girinimbine (Girinimbin) is a carbazole alkaloid with a variety of biological effects. Girinimbine can induce apoptosis, and has antitrypanosomal, antiplatelet activity, antibacterial activity, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and antitumor activities.
    Girinimbine
  • HY-17439R
    Salinomycin sodium salt (Standard)
    		Inducer
    Salinomycin (sodium salt) (Standard) is the analytical standard of Salinomycin (sodium salt). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Salinomycin sodium salt (Salinomycin sodium), an antibiotic potassium ionophore, is a potent inhibitor of Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Salinomycin sodium salt (Salinomycin sodium) acts on the Wnt/Fzd/LRP complex, blocks Wnt-induced LRP6 phosphorylation, and causes degradation of the LRP6 protein. Salinomycin sodium salt (Salinomycin sodium) shows selective activity against human cancer stem cells.
    Salinomycin sodium salt (Standard)
  • HY-B0166S3
    L-Ascorbic acid-13C-2
    L-Ascorbic acid-13C-2 is the 13C labeled L-Ascorbic acid. L-Ascorbic acid (L-Ascorbate), an electron donor, is an endogenous antioxidant agent. L-Ascorbic acid inhibits selectively Cav3.2 channels with an IC50 of 6.5 μM. L-Ascorbic acid is also a collagen
    L-Ascorbic acid-<sup>13</sup>C-2
  • HY-N12378
    β-Patchoulene
    		Inducer
    β-Patchoulene is an orally active anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-apoptotic agent. β-Patchoulene inhibits the NF-κB, TLR4, and cAMP/PKA/CREB signaling pathways; activates the Sirt1/Nrf2 and AMPK signaling pathways; and targets Fas/FasL, Caspase-3, ERK1/2, ROCK1/MLC2 for inhibition. β-Patchoulene regulates cytokine secretion, inflammatory cell infiltration, lipid peroxidation, cell polarization, gut microbiota, and lipid metabolism, restores barrier function, mitochondrial function, and cell viability, and exhibits repellent activity against Spodoptera exigua larvae. β-Patchoulene can be used in research related to various inflammatory, ischemic, fibrosis-associated diseases, as well as hepatocellular carcinoma.
    β-Patchoulene
  • HY-W017443S1
    L-Asparagine-amide-15N monohydrate
    		99.80%
    L-Asparagine-amide-15N monohydrate is the 15N-labeled L-Asparagine monohydrate (HY-W017443). L-Asparagine monohydrate is an essential amino acid for leukemic cells and a substrate for L-Asparaginase. L-Asparaginase is a potent anti-leukemic enzyme that promotes asparagine (Asn) and glutamine (Gln) depletion and inhibits protein biosynthesis in lymphoblasts. Removal of L-asparagine from plasma by L-Asparaginase results in inhibition of RNA and DNA synthesis and subsequent apoptosis. L-Asparaginase has cell-killing ability in vitro and in vivo, and selectively inhibits the growth of cancer cells with low asparagine synthetase (AASNS) expression. L-Asparagine monohydrate can be used as a biomarker and sensor for the study of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia.
    L-Asparagine-amide-<sup>15</sup>N monohydrate
  • HY-178947
    ZINC13000658
    		Inducer 99.78%
    ZINC13000658 is a METTL inhibitor. ZINC13000658 exhibits significant anti proliferative activity in various cells and can induce G1 phase cell cycle arrest and apoptosis such as HepG2 (IC50 = 5.632 µM) and SNU-449 (IC50 = 6.184 µM) cells. ZINC13000658 may be related to the inhibition of the activity of multiple methyltransferases such as METTL1, 3, 6, 16, 18, etc. ZINC13000658 can be used for research on various types of cancer.
    ZINC13000658
  • HY-176713
    KWZY-11
    		Inducer
    KWZY-11 (Compound 11) is a potent PARP/CDK6 dual inhibitor with IC50 values of 156.8, 197.3, and 13.3 nM for PARP1, PARP2, and CDK6, respectively. KWZY-11 inhibits tumor cell proliferation by regulating the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. KWZY-11 induces excessive DNA damage and apoptosis in MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells.
    KWZY-11
  • HY-168850
    MTDH-SND1 blocker 2
    		Inducer 99.51%
    MTDH-SND1 blocker 2 (compound C19) is a potent MTDH-SND1 blocker with an IC50 value of 487 nM. MTDH-SND1 blocker 2 binds to the SND1 protein with a Kd value of 279 nM. MTDH-SND1 blocker 2 degrades SND1 protein. MTDH-SND1 blocker 2 shows antiproliferative activity and induces apoptosis. MTDH-SND1 blocker 2 has the potential for the research of breast cancer.
    MTDH-SND1 blocker 2
  • HY-122760
    Bax activator-1
    		Activator 98.45%
    Bax activator-1 (compound 106) is a Bax activator that induces Bax-dependent tumor cell apoptosis.
    Bax activator-1
  • HY-107662
    TCS PrP Inhibitor 13
    		Inducer 99.72%
    TCS PrP Inhibitor 13, an antiprion agent, is a cellular prion protein (PrPC) inhibitor. TCS PrP Inhibitor 13, as a protease-resistant form of prion protein (PrP-res) accumulation inhibitor, shows an IC50 value of 3 nM in both ScN2a and F3 cell lines. TCS PrP Inhibitor 13 induces Schwannoma cells apoptosis.
    TCS PrP Inhibitor 13
Cat. No. Nom du produit / Synonyms Application Reactivity