2. Signaling Pathways
  3. Apoptosis
  4. Apoptosis

Apoptosis

Apoptosis

Apoptosis

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Apoptosis is a distinctive form of cell death exhibiting specific morphological and biochemical characteristics, including cell membrane blebbing, chromatin condensation, genomic DNA fragmentation, and exposure of specific phagocytosis signaling molecules on the cell surface. Cells undergoing apoptosis differ from those dying through necrosis. Necrotic cells are usually recognized by the immune system as a danger signal and, thus, resulting in inflammation; in contrast, apoptotic death is quiet and orderly.

There are two major pathways of apoptotic cell death induction: The intrinsic pathway, also called the Bcl-2-regulated or mitochondrial pathway, is activated by various developmental cues or cytotoxic insults, such as viral infection, DNA damage and growth-factor deprivation, and is strictly controlled by the BCL-2 family of proteins. The extrinsic or death-receptor pathway is triggered by ligation of death receptors (members of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor family, such as Fas or TNF receptor-1 (TNFR1)) that contain an intracellular death domain, which can recruit and activate caspase-8 through the adaptor protein Fas-associated death domain (FADD; also known as MORT1) at the cell surface. This recruitment causes subsequent activation of downstream (effector) caspases, such as caspase-3, -6 or -7, without any involvement of the BCL-2 family.

Studies suggest that alterations in cell survival contribute to the pathogenesis of a number of human diseases, including cancer, viral infections, autoimmune diseases, neurodegenerative disorders, and AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome). Treatments designed to specifically alter the apoptotic threshold may have the potential to change the natural progression of some of these diseases.

Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-155991
    RUNX-IN-2
    		Inducer
    RUNX-IN-2 (Compound Conjugate 3) covalently binds to the RUNX-binding sequences, and inhibits the binding of RUNX proteins to their target sites. RUNX-IN-2 induces the p53-dependent apoptosis and inhibits cancer cell growth. RUNX-IN-2 inhibits tumor growth in PANC-1 xenograft mice. RUNX-IN-2 has high alkylation efficiency and specificity.
    RUNX-IN-2
  • HY-178039
    CDK9-IN-42
    		Inducer
    CDK9-IN-42 is a potent and selective CDK9 inhibitor with an IC50of 3.8 nM. CDK9-IN-42 can inhibit the growth of cancer cells and induce apoptosis by downregulating Myc-1 and c-Myc. CDK9-IN-42 can be used for the research of cancer, such as breast and lungcancer.
    CDK9-IN-42
  • HY-181163
    Caspase-3/7 activator 4
    		Inducer
    Caspase-3/7 activator 4 is a caspase-3 activator and caspase-7 activator. Caspase-3/7 activator 4 inhibits key enzymes in estrogen biosynthesis, including aromatase (IC50 = 38.3 nM) and steroid sulfatase (IC50 = 12.7 µM), and selectively suppresses COX-2 (IC50 = 5.38 µM). Caspase-3/7 activator 4 shows strong antioxidant activity (DPPH: IC50 = 16.26 µM). Caspase-3/7 activator 4 inhibits estrogen synthesis, suppresses estrogen availability, reduces prostaglandin production, increases caspase-3/7 expression, induces G0/G1 cell cycle arrest, induces apoptotic cell death, reduces circulating TNF-α and VEGFR-II levels, restores hepatorenal function markers and histoarchitecture, restores antioxidant defense enzyme activity, reduces lipid peroxidation, exerts antiproliferative activity against breast cancer cells, exerts antitumor activity in the Ehrlich ascites carcinoma models. Caspase-3/7 activator 4 can be used for the research of breast cancer, ehrlich ascites carcinoma.
    Caspase-3/7 activator 4
  • HY-16270
    Kevetrin
    		Inducer
    Kevetrin (3-Cyanopropyl carbamimidothioate; 4-Isothioureidobutyronitrile) is an apoptosis inducer that exhibits p53-dependent and p53-independent antitumor activity. In TP53 wild-type models, Kevetrin activates and stabilizes the p53 protein by altering the processing of MDM2, thereby inducing cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Kevetrin shows higher sensitivity in mutant models. Kevetrin is applicable for the research of various cancers including acute myeloid leukemia and breast cancer.
    Kevetrin
  • HY-125008
    JH-IX-179
    		Inducer
    JH-IX-179 is an FLT3 inhibitor (IC50 = 4 nM (FLT3-ITD), 10 nM (FLT3-D835Y)). JH-IX-179 inhibits G1 phase arrest and induces apoptosis in FLT3-ITD-expressing cells. JH-IX-179 can be used in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) research.
    JH-IX-179
  • HY-176736
    CDK9-IN-40
    		Inducer
    CDK9-IN-40 is a potent and orally active CDK9 inhibitor with an IC50 of 5.5 nM. CDK9-IN-40 shows high selectivity for CDK9 versus CDK1, CDK2, CDK4, and CDK6, respectively. CDK9-IN-40 can arrest cell cycle, induce cell apoptosis and inhibit tumor growth. CDK9-IN-40 exhibits strong anti-cancer activity.
    CDK9-IN-40
  • HY-177720
    eEF2K degrader-2
    		Inducer
    eEF2K degrader-2 (Compound C1) is a molecular glucose degrading agent that targets the eEF2K protein. eEF2K degrader-2 can significantly inhibit the proliferation, migration, invasion and induce apoptosis of triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) cells. eEF2K degrader-2 has no obvious organ toxicity or pathological damage. eEF2K degrader-2 can be used in the research of cancer such as breast cancer.
    eEF2K degrader-2
  • HY-13629S1
    Etoposide-13C,d3
    		Inducer
    Etoposide-13C,d3 is the 13C- and deuterium labeled Etoposide. Etoposide (VP-16; VP-16-213) is an anti-cancer chemotherapy agent. Etoposide inhibits topoisomerase II, thus stopping DNA replication. Etoposide induces cell cycle arrest, apoptosis and autophagy.
    Etoposide-<sup>13</sup>C,d<sub>3</sub>
  • HY-12352
    HJC0416
    		Inducer
    HJC0416 is a potent and orally active STAT3 inhibitor. HJC0416 shows antiprolifeative activity and induces Apoptosis. HJC0416 decreases the expression of p-STAT3 (Tyr-705), Cyclin D1 and increases the expression of cleaved caspase-3 protein. HJC0416 shows anti-tumor activity.
    HJC0416
  • HY-179155
    PI3K/mTOR-IN-19
    		Inducer
    PI3K/mTOR-IN-19 is an orally active, potent, selective PI3K (IC50 = 4.23 nM) and mTOR (IC50 = 2.3 nM) inhibitor. PI3K/mTOR-IN-19 significantly inhibits Eca109 cell viability and induces apoptosis. PI3K/mTOR-IN-19 causes G0/G1 cell cycle arrest, decreased mitochondrial membrane potential, and demonstrates marked telomerase inhibitory activity. PI3K/mTOR-IN-19 modulates the expression of key apoptotic regulators (Bcl-2, Bax, and p53) and downregulates the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway. PI3K/mTOR-IN-19 can be used for the study of esophageal cancer.
    PI3K/mTOR-IN-19
  • HY-Z0548R
    Methyl 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate (Standard)
    		Inducer
    Methyl 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate (Standard) is the analytical standard of Methyl 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Methyl 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate (Protocatechuic acid methyl ester; Methyl protocatechuate) is a major metabolite of antioxidant polyphenols found in green tea. Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effect.
    Methyl 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate (Standard)
  • HY-163444
    Apoptosis inducer 15
    		Inducer
    Apoptosis inducer 15 (Compound 3) induces cell apoptosis and cell cycle arrest at G2/M phase. Apoptosis inducer 15 is cytotoxicitic without causing DNA fragmentation.
    Apoptosis inducer 15
  • HY-180839
    anti-TNBC agent-14
    		Inducer
    anti-TNBC agent-14 (Compound 4l) is a selective anti-TNBC agent. anti-TNBC agent-14 is a potent and selective DNA-binding agent. anti-TNBC agent-14 induces caspase-3-dependent Apoptosis, mitochondrial ROS generation.
    anti-TNBC agent-14
  • HY-163430
    HDAC-IN-71
    		Inducer
    HDAC-IN-71 (Compound 17q) is a potent HDAC inhibitor with IC50 values of 12.6, 14.1, 20, 3, and 72 nM for HDAC1, HDAC2, HDAC3, HDAC6, and HDAC10, respectively. HDAC-IN-71 induces apoptosis and can be used in cancer research.
    HDAC-IN-71
  • HY-179526
    Sino-C
    		Activator
    Sino-C is a Sinomenine (HY-15122) derivative with anticancer activity. Sino-C broadly disrupts cholesterol homeostasis by upregulating key genes such as SREBF2 and HMGCS1, leading to intracellular cholesterol accumulation and lipid droplet formation. Sino-C-induced metabolic dysregulation further triggers lipid peroxidation and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, initiating a unique form of hybrid cell death including apoptotic (cleaved PARP) and necrotic-like features. Sino-C thus serves as a useful compound for research in colorectal cancer, lung cancer and breast cancer.
    Sino-C
  • HY-180967
    PROTAC BCR-ABL Degrader-2
    		Inducer
    PROTAC BCR-ABL Degrader-2 is a selective Bcr-AblT315 PROTAC degrader with a DC50 of 108.7 nM in Ba/F3 Bcr-AblT315I cells. PROTAC BCR-ABL Degrader-2 exhibits the most potent degradation efficacy with DR of 69.89% and 94.23% at 100 and 300 nM, respectively. PROTAC BCR-ABL Degrader-2 demonstrates high plasma exposure, and induces significant tumor regression and induces tumor cell apoptosis with a good safety profile in vivo. PROTAC BCR-ABL Degrader-2 can be used for chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) research.
    PROTAC BCR-ABL Degrader-2
  • HY-N0404R
    Sinigrin (Standard)
    		Inducer
    Sinigrin (Standard) (Allyl-glucosinolate (Standard)) is the analytical standard of Sinigrin (HY-N0404). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Sinigrin (Allyl-glucosinolate) is an orally active glucosinolate found in cruciferous plants. Sinigrin possesses multiple activities such as anti-cancer, antibacterial, antifungal, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and inhibition of fat synthesis. Sinigrin can be used in the research of tumors, inflammatory, and metabolic diseases.
    Sinigrin (Standard)
  • HY-147502
    Vin-C01
    		Inhibitor
    Vin-C01 is a potent pancreatic β-cells protective agent with an EC50 of 0.22 μM. Vin-C01 effectively promotes β-cell survival and protects β-cells from STZ (HY-13753)-induced apoptosis. Vin-C01 can be used for type 2 diabetes mellitus research.
    Vin-C01
  • HY-150038
    NOSH-aspirin
    		Inducer
    NOSH-aspirin (NBS-1120) is an orally active hybrid molecule that releases nitric oxide and hydrogen sulfide. NOSH-aspirin inhibits pancreatic cancer cell proliferation and induces apoptosis. NOSH-aspirin inhibits cancer cell growth and suppresses NF-κB and FoxM1 in a mouse model of pancreatic cancer. NOSH-aspirin also alleviates motor deficits and dopaminergic neuron degeneration in a rat model of Parkinson's disease. NOSH-aspirin reduces neuroinflammation caused by microglial and astrocytic activation. NOSH-aspirin can be used in research on cancers such as pancreatic cancer and neurological diseases such as Parkinson's disease.
    NOSH-aspirin
  • HY-153149
    LJ-2698
    		Inhibitor
    LJ-2698 is an orally active adenosine A3 receptor antagonist. LJ-2698 induces increased levels of anti-inflammatory cytokines in macrophages and significantly elevates the number of anti-inflammatory M2 macrophages in the lung. LJ-2698 prevents alveolar cavity enlargement, restores pulmonary function, inhibits matrix metalloproteinase activity and pulmonary cell apoptosis in the lung tissues of mice. LJ-2698 prevents renal injury, inhibits renal lipid accumulation, and increases PGC1α levels in renal tissues of mice with diabetic nephropathy. LJ-2698 is applicable to the research of emphysema and diabetic nephropathy.
    LJ-2698
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity