2. Signaling Pathways
  3. Apoptosis
  4. Apoptosis

Apoptosis

Apoptosis

Apoptosis

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Apoptosis is a distinctive form of cell death exhibiting specific morphological and biochemical characteristics, including cell membrane blebbing, chromatin condensation, genomic DNA fragmentation, and exposure of specific phagocytosis signaling molecules on the cell surface. Cells undergoing apoptosis differ from those dying through necrosis. Necrotic cells are usually recognized by the immune system as a danger signal and, thus, resulting in inflammation; in contrast, apoptotic death is quiet and orderly.

There are two major pathways of apoptotic cell death induction: The intrinsic pathway, also called the Bcl-2-regulated or mitochondrial pathway, is activated by various developmental cues or cytotoxic insults, such as viral infection, DNA damage and growth-factor deprivation, and is strictly controlled by the BCL-2 family of proteins. The extrinsic or death-receptor pathway is triggered by ligation of death receptors (members of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor family, such as Fas or TNF receptor-1 (TNFR1)) that contain an intracellular death domain, which can recruit and activate caspase-8 through the adaptor protein Fas-associated death domain (FADD; also known as MORT1) at the cell surface. This recruitment causes subsequent activation of downstream (effector) caspases, such as caspase-3, -6 or -7, without any involvement of the BCL-2 family.

Studies suggest that alterations in cell survival contribute to the pathogenesis of a number of human diseases, including cancer, viral infections, autoimmune diseases, neurodegenerative disorders, and AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome). Treatments designed to specifically alter the apoptotic threshold may have the potential to change the natural progression of some of these diseases.

Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-50751
    Linifanib
    		Inducer 99.39%
    Linifanib (ABT-869) is a potent and orally active multi-target inhibitor of VEGFR and PDGFR family with IC50s of 4, 3, 66, and 4 nM for KDR, FLT1, PDGFRβ, and FLT3, respectively. Linifanib shows prominent antitumor activity. Linifanib has much less activity against unrelated RTKs, soluble tyrosine kinases, or serine/threonine kinases. Linifanib is a specific miR-10b inhibitor that blocks miR-10b biogenesis.
    Linifanib
  • HY-A0061
    Trifluridine
    		Inducer 99.98%
    Trifluridine (Trifluorothymidine) is an irreversible and orally active thymidylate synthase inhibitor, and thereby suppressing DNA synthesis. Trifluridine is an antiviral molecule used for research of HSV, rhabdovirus and orthopoxvirus infection. Trifluridine induces cell apoptosis and autophagy. Trifluridine is also an anticancer agent used in studies of metastatic colorectal cancer, gastrointestinal tumors.
    Trifluridine
  • HY-N0573
    Umbelliferone
    		Inducer 99.67%
    Umbelliferone (7-Hydroxycoumarin), a natural orally active product of the coumarin family, is a fluorescing compound which can be used as a sunscreen agent. Umbelliferone induces cell cycle arrest, apoptosis and DNA fragmentation in HepG2 cells. Umbelliferone exhibits significant anticancer effects. Umbelliferone attenuates the alteration characteristics of allergic airway inflammation. Umbelliferone displays the neuroprotective effects and cross the blood-brain barrier. Umbelliferone exhibits anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects in chronic alcohol-fed rats.
    Umbelliferone
  • HY-W011391
    GPNA hydrochloride
    		Inducer 99.91%
    GPNA hydrochloride is a well known substrate of the enzyme γ-glutamyltransferase (GGT). GPNA hydrochloride is a specific glutamine (Gln) transporter ASCT2 inhibitor. GPNA hydrochloride also inhibit Na+-dependent carriers, such as SNAT family (SNAT1/2/4/5), and the Na+-independent leucine transporters LAT1/2. GPNA reversibly induces apoptosis in A549 cells.
    GPNA hydrochloride
  • HY-N0621
    Morin
    		Inducer
    Morin is an orally active plant-derived flavonoid. Morin inhibits ROS generation. Morin induces Apoptosis. Morin inhibits PTP1B (IC50 of 15 μM) and activates the insulin receptor. Morin has a detoxifying effect. Morin can be used in diabetes, leukemia, colon cancer, cervical cancer, Parkinson's disease and hypertension research.
    Morin
  • HY-N6791
    KT5823
    		Inducer 99.90%
    KT5823, a selective the cGMP-dependent protein kinase (PKG) inhibitor with an Ki value of 0.23 μM, it also inhibits PKA and PKC with Ki values of 10 μM and 4 μM, respectively. KT5823 is a Staurosporine-related protein kinase inhibitor, increases thyroid-stimulating hormone-induced (Na+/I- symporter) NIS expression, and iodide uptake in thyroid cells. KT5823 arrests cells after the G0/G1 boundary and causes increases in the levels of apoptotic DNA fragmentation.
    KT5823
  • HY-N6810
    Thymol
    		Inducer 99.97%
    Thymol is a TRPA1 agonist. Thymol induces cancer cell apoptosis. Thymol is the main monoterpene phenol occurring in essential oils isolated from plants belonging to the Lamiaceae family, and other plants such as those belonging to the Verbenaceae, Scrophulariaceae, Ranunculaceae and Apiaceae families. Thymol has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial and antifungal effects.
    Thymol
  • HY-117037
    FR900359
    		Inducer 99.90%
    FR900359 is a depsipeptide selective inhibitor of Gαq/11/14 in mammalia, can inhibits ERK pathway. FR900359 suppresses the proliferation of melanoma cells and decreases of blood pressure. FR900359 also protected against airway hyperreactivity in murine models of allergen sensitization in Ovalbumin, low endotoxin (HY-W250978A)-induced sensitization model of asthma. FR900359 can be used for cancer and cardiovascular disease research.
    FR900359
  • HY-10261A
    Afatinib dimaleate
    		Inducer 99.74%
    Afatinib (BIBW 2992) dimaleate is an orally active, potent and irreversible dual specificity inhibitor of ErbB family (EGFR and HER2), with IC50 values of 0.5 nM, 0.4 nM, 10 nM and 14 nM for EGFRwt, EGFRL858R, EGFRL858R/T790M and HER2, respectively. Afatinib dimaleate can be used for the research of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and gastric cancer.
    Afatinib dimaleate
  • HY-W040329
    2'-Deoxyadenosine
    		Inducer 99.97%
    2′-Deoxyadenosine is an adenine nucleoside that inhibits glucose-stimulated insulin release. 2′-Deoxyadenosine inhibits glucose-stimulated increases seen in islet cyclic AMP (cAMP) accumulation. 2'-Deoxyadenosine activates caspase-3 and promotes apoptosis. 2'-Deoxyadenosine inhibits the activity of S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine hydrolase (SAHH). 2'-Deoxyadenosine inhibits the growth of various cells. 2'-Deoxyadenosine has an anticancer effect on colon cancer.
    2'-Deoxyadenosine
  • HY-12048
    Chelerythrine chloride
    		Inducer 99.11%
    Chelerythrine chloride is a potent, cell-permeable inhibitor of protein kinase C, with an IC50 of 660 nM. Chelerythrine chloride inhibits the Bcl-XL-Bak BH3 peptide binding with IC50 of 1.5 μM and displaces Bax from Bcl-XL. Chelerythrine chloride induces apoptosis and autophagy.
    Chelerythrine chloride
  • HY-150190
    F5446
    		Inducer 99.73%
    F5446 (Compound 1) is a selective small molecule inhibitor of SUV39H1 methyltransferase. F5446 decreases H3K9me3 deposition at the FAS promoter, increases Fas expression and increases colorectal carcinoma cell sensitivity to FasL-induced apoptosis in vitro. F5446 suppresses human colon tumor xenograft growth in vivo.
    F5446
  • HY-10484
    Pevonedistat hydrochloride
    		Inducer 99.19%
    Pevonedistat (MLN4924) hydrochloride is a potent and selective NEDD8-activating enzyme (NAE) inhibitor, with an IC50 of 4.7 nM. Pevonedistat hydrochloride induces the deregulation of S-phase DNA synthesis, thereby disrupting protein turnover mediated by cullin-RING ligase, leading to apoptosis of human tumor cells. Pevonedistat hydrochloride suppresses the growth of human tumour xenografts in mice.
    Pevonedistat hydrochloride
  • HY-N0057
    3,4-Dicaffeoylquinic acid
    		Inducer 98.15%
    3,4-Dicaffeoylquinic acid (3,4-Di-O-caffeoylquinic acid), naturally isolated from Laggera alata, has antioxidative, DNA protective, neuroprotective and hepatoprotective properties. 3,4-Dicaffeoylquinic acid exerts apoptosis-mediated cytotoxicity and α-glucosidase inhibitory effects. 3,4-Dicaffeoylquinic acid possesses a unique mechanism of anti-influenza viral activity, that is, enhancing viral clearance by increasing TRAIL.
    3,4-Dicaffeoylquinic acid
  • HY-B1077
    Penfluridol
    		Inducer 99.93%
    Penfluridol (R-16341) is a potent, long-acting, first-generation, oral diphenylbutylpiperidine antipsychotic agent by targeting D2-like dopamine receptor. Penfluridol effectively inhibits TNFα-induced NF-κB activation and alleviates the severity of arthritis and colitis in vivo. Penfluridol is a Ca2+-calmodulin inhibitor. Penfluridol induces apoptosis and autophagy. Penfluridol is used for chronic schizophrenia, acute psychosis, Tourette syndrome and autoimmune diseases. Penfluridol inhibites the growth of E. faecalis planktonic cells with the MIC of 7.81 μg/ml.
    Penfluridol
  • HY-N0889
    Ginkgetin
    		Inducer 99.87%
    Ginkgetin, a biflavone, is isolated from Ginkgo biloba leaves. Ginkgetin exhibit anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective, anti-fungal activities. Ginkgetin is also a potent inhibitor of Wnt signaling, with an IC50 of 5.92 μΜ.
    Ginkgetin
  • HY-P1061A
    Colivelin TFA
    		Inhibitor 99.79%
    Colivelin TFA is a brain penetrant neuroprotective peptide and a potent activator of STAT3, suppresses neuronal death by activating STAT3 in vitro. Colivelin TFA exhibits long-term beneficial effects against neurotoxicity, Aβ deposition, neuronal apoptosis, and synaptic plasticity deficits in neurodegenerative disease. Colivelin TFA has the potential for the treatment of alzheimer's disease and ischemic brain injury.
    Colivelin TFA
  • HY-W105310A
    Croconic acid disodium
    		Inhibitor 99.98%
    Croconic acid disodium (Nacr) is a lysine crotonylation (Kcr) activator and electroactive material. Croconic acid disodium reduces the expression of HDAC2, HDAC3, SIRT1, and SIRT3, and increases the expression of EP300, CITED1, ACSS2, DPF2, CDYL, MLLT3, and YEATS2. Croconic acid disodium elevates intracellular crotonyl-CoA content and global histone lysine crotonylation levels. Croconic acid disodium promotes the growth of bovine fibroblasts, regulates cell cycle progression, and inhibits bovine fibroblast apoptosis (apoptosis). Croconic acid disodium improves the blastocyst development efficiency of bovine somatic cell nuclear transfer embryos. Croconic acid disodium undergoes reversible lithium intercalation/deintercalation reactions via sodium-lithium ion exchange. Croconic acid disodium is applicable to research related to cell growth promotion.
    Croconic acid disodium
  • HY-B0256
    Azathioprine
    		Inducer 99.99%
    Azathioprine (BW 57-322) is an orally active immunosuppressive agent. Azathioprine can be converted in vivo to the active metabolite 6-mercaptopurine (6-MP). Azathioprine has myelosuppressive effects and induces apoptosis.
    Azathioprine
  • HY-148333
    MS177
    		Inducer 99.55%
    MS177 is an effective and fast-acting EZH2 degrader. MS177 is a PROTAC that consists of a CRBN ligand, linker, and a potent enzymatic EZH2 inhibitor C24 (C24 IC50): 12 nM). MS177 effectively depletes both canonical EZH2-PRC2 and noncanonical EZH2-cMyc complexes. MS177 induces leukaemia cell growth inhibition, apoptosis and cell cycle progression arrest.
    MS177
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity